Background Many surgical techniques are used to improve the postoperative visual acuity for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)during recent decade,and scleral buckling surgery is one of these operations.Whether the visual function after operation can be rescued is an important issue. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors of influencing the postoperative vision following scleral buckling surgery for primary macula-off RRD. Methods The clinical and follow-up data from consecutive series of 116 eyes of 116 patients received scleral buckling surgery for primary maeula-off RRD were retrospectively reviewed.The relationship of multiple factors,including age,preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),duration of disease,refractive error,location of retinal hole,number of retinal hole,area and height of retina detachment,management of subretinal fluid and intravitreal gas injection,with visual acuity were analyzed respectively by χ2 test.The correlations among statistically significant factors with postoperative vision were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Written informed consent was obtained from any patient before surgery. Results The postoperative vision outcome was found with significantly difference among different preoperative vision groups(P=0.002)and different course (P=0.009).There were significant differences between the groups with different preoperative BCVA(P=0.002)and duration of disease(P=0.009).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative BCVA was the only variable affecting postoperative visual result(r=0.400,P=0.009).Considerable linear correlation wag seen between preoperative vision and postoperative vision(r= 0.400,P=0.000).The probability with postoperative vision of t>0.4 in the eyes with preoperative≥0.05 was 3 folds more than that of preoperative<0.05(OR=2.992).The better visual outcome after scleral buckling surgery was seen in the eyes with the course≤7 days. Conclusion Preoperative BCVA and duration of disease are the key factors associated with the postoperative BCVA.Scleral buckling surgery should be performed within the first week for primary macula-off RRD.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare compound astragali capsules and to establish its quality control standards.METH?ODS:The qualitation identification of the principal agents like American ginseng and asiatic cornelian cherry fruit were de?termined by TLC;the principal agent-astragalosideⅠin the astragali were identified by HPLC-ELSD.RESULTS:The condition for TLC qualitation was feasible and the spots were clear;good linear relationship was achieved when the detection concentration of astragalosideⅠwas within the range of2.8?g～8.4?g(r=0.9999);the average recovery was99.93%,RSD=1.17%.CONCLUSION:The preparing technique of this preparation was simple and the quality was stable,the quan?titation control method is simple,accurate and with high precision.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of Loureirin A mediated anti-hepatic fibrosis by evaluting its effects on proliferation , secretion ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and expression of rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro . Methods Primary hepatic stellate cells were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley rats. After activating and inducing primary hepatic stellate cells from qHSC to aHSC, the activated hepatic stellate cells model in vitro was established. Then we observed the morphological changes of static hepatic stellate cells and activated hepatic stellate cells with inverted phase contrast microscope. Cultured hepatic stellate cells were treated with different concentrations of loureirin A and the inhibitory rate of HSCs proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expression of Frizzled-4 was measured by western blot analysis. The content ofα-SMA and TGF-β1 in the cultured HSCs'supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results Loureirin A the proliferation of inhibited activated hepatic stellate cells in a time-dose-dependent manner compared with the control group,IC50=0.30 μg/μL. After loureirinA treatment of the HSCs, western blot analysis showed that Frizzled-4 expression level was obviously lower than control group. Loureirin A also inhibitedα-SMA and TGFβ1 (P<0.05) secretion in the cultured HSCs'supernatant in different degree by the assay of ELISA. Conclusions The molecular mechanism of Loureirin A and Wnt signaling pathway mediated anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-angiogenesis may involve down-regulation the expression of Frizzled-4, inhibiting the synthesis and secretion ofα-SMA,TGF-β1and the proliferation of HSCs.

Objective To evaluate combined buccal mucosa and lingual mucosa grafts for urethroplasty in a dog model. Methods Seven female mongrel dogs were selected.After a segment of proximal urethra mucosa (4 cm×1 cm) was excised and onlayed,urethroplasty was performed by using the combined free buccal mucosa (2 cm×1 cm)graft which had been harvested from the inferior cheek and free lingual mucosa graft(2 cm×1 cm)harvested from the inferior lateral surface of the tongue.A 12 F urethral catheter was kept for 7 d.Retrograde urethrography was done and urethra diameter was calibrated with a 10 F catheter before animals were sacrificed at week 12.Then the grafted areas excised and evaluated grossly and histopathologically. Results All dogs survived during the procedure and there was no tongue or bueeal complications.One dog developed a severe urethral stricture at the proximal anastomosis site.The remaining 6 dogs voided spontaneously with no difficulty.Retrograde urethrography showed that no stricture or fistula formed.The combined buccal mucosa graft and lingual mucosa graft shortened from a mean (SD) of 4.00(0.15)to 3.75(0.23)cm (statistically.significant,P＜0.05).No stricture was found in the connection of the buccaI mucosa and lingual mucosa grafts.Histological examination showed that the combined buccal mucosa and lingual mucosa grafts were well-incorporated into the urethral walls and covered by a keratinized squamous epithelium.Neovascularization was evident beneath the grafts. Conclusion Combined buccal mucosa graft and lingual mucosa graft could be an option for urethral substitution.

Objective To establish a method for detecting HBV cccDNA in hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis B patients.Method 21 liver biopsies from the hepatic operation patients in the hospital of jiangsu province,concluding 19 HBV chronic infected patients (10 HBeAg positive patients and 9 HBeAg negative patients) and 4 uninfected patients,HBV DNA(+) serum of hepatitis B patients was thought as rcDNA.To use proteinase K to release HBV cccDNA and genomic DNA,then divide the cell lysis solution into two parts,one for detecting HBV cccDNA,the other for detecting the number of ?-Globin as internal control. Nucleic acid for detecting HBV cccDNA extracted by phenol-chloroform was digested by plasmid-safe ATP dependent DNase which was applied to digest the single strand DNA in rcDNA and ssDNA,then was quantitated by the primers spanning across the nick and SYBR Green Ⅰ dye.The specifity of PCR production was confirmed by the sequence analysis and rcDNA comparison.The significance of the difference of HBV cccDNA level between HBeAg(+) and HBeAg(-) group was analyzed by two group t test.Results The agarose gelelectrophoresis showed the molecular weight of the PCR production was about 350bp.The coincidence rate of PCR production and goal fragement was nearly 99% by sequence analysis.The result of PCR detection of rcDNA group was negative.The positive rate of HBV cccDNA of liver biopsies of HBeAg (+) patients detected by this method was 100%,the level of HBV cccDNA in the liver biopsies of HBeAg (+) patients was higher than HBeAb(+) patients.Conclusions The specificity of the method is proved by agarose electrophoresis,gene sequencing of the PCR product and rcDNA comparison.The quantitative method that use SYBR Green Ⅰ dye and ?-Globin as internal control is more specific,sensitive and economical,and more suitable for clinical purpose.

The objective of this study is to propose a more accurate and faster MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay (MCA) for quantitative measurement of polypeptide bacteriocins in solutions with nisin as an example. After an initial incubation of nisin and indicator bacterium Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 in tubes, MTT was added for another incubation period. After that, nisin was quantified by estimating the number of viable bacteria based on measuring the amount of purple formazan produced by cleavage of yellow tetrazolium salt MTT. Then MCA was compared to a standard agar diffusion assay (ADA). The results suggested a high correlation coefficient (r(2)=0.975+/-0.004) between optical density (OD) and the inhibitory effect of nisin on a bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 at a range of 0.125-32 IU/ml. The MCA described in this study was very quick. Quantification of nisin took only 7-8 h and the detection limit was at the level of 0.125 IU/ml when compared to 12 IU/ml and 24-28 h for ADA. The MCA provides an accurate and rapid method for quantification of nisin in solutions and is expected to be used for quantification of other antimicrobial substances.
Bacteriocins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Colorimetry ; methods ; Immunodiffusion ; Micrococcus luteus ; metabolism ; Nisin ; Regression Analysis ; Tetrazolium Salts ; analysis ; Thiazoles ; analysis ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the efficacy of integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation for frameless stereotactic biopsy.

METHODSFrom January to December 2012, 32 patients with brain lesions underwent frameless stereotactic biopsy guided by positron emission tomograph (PET) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)-based multimodal neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI). The cohort consisted of 16 male and 16 female patients, with a mean age of 45 years (range: 7 - 62 years). Biopsy targets were identified according to PET and (1)H-MRS. Biopsy was performed with Varioguide frameless biopsy system. Diagnostic yield and complications were assessed.

RESULTSMetabolism images-based multimodal neuronavigation and iMRI were successfully implemented in all cases. iMRI confirmed accuracy of biopsy targets. All the specimens obtained pathological diagnosis, the diagnostic yield was 100%. In 1 patient, iMRI found small hematoma (< 5 ml), surgical evacuation wasn't needed with intraoperative complication rate 3.1%. With the help of multimodal neuronavigation, no patients had new or worsened neurologic deficits.

CONCLUSIONSIntegration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation provide not only anatomical, but also metabolic and functional information for frameless stereotaxy, increasing diagnostic yield and avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; methods ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuronavigation ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Young Adult

Methods for analyses of protein-protein interactions include: yeast two hybrid (Y2H), phage dis- play (PD), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), glutathione S-transferase pull-down (GST pull-down), cellular co-localization, far-western blotting, virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Technologies for the detection of protein-nucleic acid interactions include: yeast one hybrid (Y1H), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), Southwestern blotting, reporter gene, Co-IP, GST pull-down, and PD. These methods are often used in the study of the human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) by our research team. Reviews in the Chinese literature in this field are lacking, so we reviewed applications of these methods in the study of EV-A71. This review may impart important knowledge in the research of other viruses with regard to protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions.
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Enterovirus A, Human ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

Objective Mouse models of sepsis-induced myocardial injury by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established in order to provide a reliable method for the research of pathogenesis of sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Methods According to the method of random number table, a total of 150 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: NC group, sham group, and LPS 10, 12, 15 mg/kg groups, with 30 in each group. Septic myocardial injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection LPS in mice; sham group was injected with equal 0.9% saline; while there was no treatment in mice of NC group. Fifteen of the 30 mice in each group were used to observe the general status of mice before and after LPS or saline injection. Twenty-four hours after LPS or saline injection, the left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography, serum level of cardiac troponin (cTnI) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and the cardiac histomorphology and ultrastructure were observed; the other 15 mice were used to monitor the 7-day mortality after LPS or saline injection. Results The mice challenged to LPS displayed symptoms of sepsis, such as depression, ruffled fur, and diarrhea. Compared with NC group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) were significantly decreased at 24 hours after LPS administration in LPS 10, 12, 15 mg/kg groups [LVEF: 0.459±0.044, 0.432±0.034, 0.348±0.064 vs. 0.588±0.019, LVFS: (22.36±2.60)%, (20.78±1.91)%, (16.27±3.31)% vs. (30.55±1.30)%, all P < 0.01], and cTnI levels were significantly increased (ng/L: 270.40±43.50, 281.14±41.79, 298.39±42.05 vs. 192.59±16.90, all P <0.01). Myocardium injury was observed in three LPS groups, myocardial fibrosis, interstitial edema, erythrocyte leakage and infiltrating inflammatory cells were observed under light-microscope; ultrastructural changes disorderly arranged in cardiac muscle fibers, mitochondrial swelling and even partly missing mitochondria cristae were found under transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the higher of the dose, the more sever of the damage. There was no significant difference between sham group and NC group. The 7-day mortality in LPS 10, 12, 15 mg/kg groups were 33.3%, 53.3% and 86.7%, respectively, while no death in the NC group and sham group. Conclusion For establishing the mouse model of sepsis-induced myocardial injury, intraperitoneal injection with 12 mg/kg LPS is a preferable choice in our research.