Objective:To analyze that if the quality of ethics review is closely related to the protection of human subjects' right and interest. Methods:This article has analyzed all the issues raised by local Ethics Committee in the process of review in recent two years since guideline of ethical review of drug clinical trials was published, summed up the most common problems occurred in protocols and informed consents. Results:Total 94 new drug or medical device clinical trial projects were reviewed by the local ethics committee, among which 29 projects were ap-proved through regular full board meeting, the approval rate in the initial review was 31%. The most common prob-lems in protocols include: the research backgrounds, design, and risk-benefit ratio; Main issues raised on in-formed consent focused on the contents, language and signature terms. Conclusions:The protection of subjects needs more improvement of capability of investigator, sponsor, drug clinical trial institution and the ethics commit-tee.

Objective To study the effect of glutathione(GSH)on liver antioxidative function of microcystin‐LR(MC‐LR)‐in‐duced mice .Methods Forty healthy clean class KM 5‐week old mice were selected and divided into five groups by the random sam‐pling method ,including the norml saline control group ,GSH control group ,MC‐LR group ,MC‐LR+low dose GSH group and MC‐LR+high dose GSH group ,8 cases in each group ,half male and half female .The experiment lasted for 15 d by intraperitoneal injec‐tion of MC‐LR ,then the liver histopathological changes ,liver tissue activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px)and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected .Results Compared with the normal saline control group ,liver cell GSH level ,SOD and GSH‐Px activities in the MC‐LR group were significantly decreased (P<0 .05) ,while the MDA level was sig‐nificantly increased (P<0 .05) .Compared with the MC‐LR group ,the GSH level ,SOD and GSH‐Px activities in the MC‐LR+low dose GSH group and MC‐LR+high dose GSH group were significantly increased (P<0 .05) ,while the MDA level was significant‐ly decreased(PP<0 .05) .Conclusion The GSH intervention can alleviate MC‐LR induced mouse liver oxidative toxicity and has protective effect on the liver to some extent .

AIM: To study the role of TGF-?/Smad pathway in the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.METHODS: Rats were induced to diabetic nephropathy by using tail intravenous injection of STZ.The expression of TGF-?_1,Smad2/3 protein and mRNA in kidney were examined at 2,4,8 and 16 weeks after STZ induction.CTGF,collagen-Ⅲ,PAI-1 mRNA expression in kidney at 16 weeks of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy and normal rats were studied by RT-PCR.RESULTS: Weak TGF-?_1,Smad2/3 protein were detected in normal renal tissues while strong TGF-?_1,Smad2/3 staining were observed in renal tissues of diabetic nephropathy(0.057?0.030/0.223?0.040;0.017?0.010/0.153?0.010,respectively,P

AIM:To investigate the changes of histone modifications during the activation of primarily cultured rat hepatic stellate cells ( HSCs) and the relationship between histone modification patterns andα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and to explore the roles of histone modifications in the activation of HSCs.METHODS:The rat HSCs were isolated by in situ perfusion of collagenase combined with density gradient centrifugation, cultured in vitro and identi-fied by immunofluorescence staining.The morphological features of the cells were observed under inverted microscope.The changes of desmin and α-SMA during the activation of HSCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting.The levels of histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2), histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), his-tone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (acH3K9) and histone 4 lysine 12 acetylation (acH4K12) in quiescent HSCs and activated HSCs were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: The morphology of HSCs shifted from a quiescent phenotype to highly activated myofibroblast during the culture.Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that the expres-sion levels of α-SMA and desmin were increased over time and reached maximum at 15 d.According to the results of cell morphology and immunofluorescence staining, the cells cultured for 24 h and 15 d were quiescent and activated HSCs, re-spectively.Compared with quiescent HSCs, there were higher H3K4me2 and lower H3K9me2, acH3K9 and acH4K12 modification levels in activated HSCs ( P<0.01 ) .CONCLUSION: Histone modifications show anomalous expression during the activation of primarily cultured rat HSCs.Histone modifications may contribute to the transdifferentiation of HSCs and the development of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the set-up error of CR in total body irradiation localization and lung shielding.Methods TOR 18FG software was employed to measure the image quality of images at kV and MV levels.The clinical processes were established and the positioning error was analyzed.Results The low contrast resolution and spatial resolution of MV level images were much worse than those at kV level in the condition of total body irradiation,but the image at MV level could be used to identify the high contrast tissues and employed in total body irradiation.The longitudinal errors were (0.50 ± 1.65) cm for left lung and (1.16 ± 1.56)cm for right lung in A P direction,while (1.12 ± 2.22)cm and (0.41 ± 2.16)cm respectively in PA direction.The errors of lateral were (0.81 ± 1.19)cm for left lung and (0.43 ±1.20)cm for right lung in AP direction,while (0.31 ± 1.64)cm and (0.55 ± 1.49)cm respectively in PA direction.Conclusions Application of CR in total body irradiation could make positioning in treatment much easily and reduce the localization errors.

Objective To explore the experience in treatment of primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRPT).Methods The clinical data of 62 cases with primary relroperitoneal tumors from 2001 to 2007were studied retrospectively.Results The abdominal mass was the main symptom in PRPT.There were 29 cases of benign tumors and 33 cases of malignanat tunlors respectively.Complete resections were performed in 47 patients(76%),partial resection was conducted for 10 patients.Resection could not be performed in 5 patients so only biopsy was conducted,12 patients accepted combined organ resections,2 patients died.Conclusion Adequate preoperative preparation and excellent surgical technique are the keys to compele tumour resection.

OBJECTIVETo explore the stress related problems and risk factors among urban residents in the social transition period.

METHODSSamples including 3 666 subjects came from Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Taiyuan under multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected through a household interviewing survey. Stress was measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scales (CPSS). Distribution of health risk stress (HRS), high level stress were described along the demographic dimension. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify the predictors of HRS.

RESULTSCPSS was found to have good validity and reliability among this study sample. The mean score for the total sample was 24.22 +/- 5.81 and the overall prevalence of HRS was 44.54% (95% CI: 42.90 - 46.12). The difference between male (42.95%) and female (46.30%) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rate of HRS decreased with age, with the highest rate (59.29%) among those less than 21 years old. The rate of HRS also decreased as educational level increased and differed significantly by occupation. High school students, people who had never been employed and those who had lost their jobs had the highest rates of HRS. The rate of HRS was also related to marriage status, household's economic level, and the level of the social engagement of the subjects.

CONCLUSIONStress experienced by the urban residents became a serious health problem which requires special attention to be paid to certain subgroups in the population.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Social Environment ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; Urban Health

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dl-3-butylphthalide ( NBP) injection and soft capsules in the treat-ment of acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Methods:Sixty-one patients with acute cerebral infarction in the left middle cerebral artery in 72 hours of onset of ischemic stroke with score of 5-25 according to the national institutes of health stroke scale ( NIHSS) were randomly divided into the observation group (n=31) and the control group (n=30). The control group was treated with the routine treatment, while the observation group was sequentially treated with NBP injection and soft capsules additionally. The treatment course was 90 days. Before the treatment, the NIHSS score was evaluated in both groups to compare the neurologic impairment degree. After the treatment, the daily living skills assessment was performed by Barthel index ( BI) and modified Rankin score ( mRS) , and the ad-verse reactions were recorded. Results:Before the treatment, the NIHSS score in the two groups had no statistical significance ( P>0. 05). After the treatment, the BI in the observation group and the control group was (88. 55 ± 16. 74) and (70. 67 ± 26. 18), and mRS was (1. 87 ± 1. 02) and (2. 53 ± 1. 40), respectively, suggesting the observation group had more favorable outcome than the con-trol group (P≤0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions had no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: dl-3-Bu-tylphthalide sequential therapy should be regarded as an effective and safe method for acute cerebral infarction, which can improve the daily living skills and 90-day outcome of patients.

Objective:To observe the effect of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method on the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),and to provide evidence for the effect mechanism study and clinical application of acupuncture intervention for PTSD.Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank control group,a model group,a grasping group,a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in the other groups were subjected to preparing the PTSD models using 'incarceration plus electric shock' method.After interventions,changes in rat behavior of each group were observed;changes in resting-state EEG were collected and analyzed with multichannel EEG acquisition and analysis system,and image analysis and statistical processing were performed.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the average escape latency in the model group was significantly longer (P＜0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly reduced (P＜0.01).Compared with the grasping group,the average escape latencies in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly shortened (P＜0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly increased (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the average escape latency,the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas between the acupuncture group and paroxetine group (all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the α-wave power spectrum value in the model group was significantly decreased,and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were significantly increased (all P＜0.01);compared with the grasping group,α-wave power spectrum values in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly increased (both P＜0.01),and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were decreased significantly (all P＜0.01).The power spectrum values of α-wave,β-wave,δ-wave and (e)-wave of rats in the acupuncture group were not significantly different from those in the paroxetine group (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:Liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method can significantly improve the abnormal EEG activity in PTSD rats,which may be one mechanism of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method in effectively affecting the brain function in PTSD rats.

Objective To dynamic monitor and analyze the characteristic of polysomnography (PSG)and melatonin levels of delirium patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A prospective observational study was performed from December 2013 to April 2014. The patients admitted to ICU of Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College for more than 72 hours were evaluated with confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU),and were divided into delirium group and non-delirium group. Sleep patterns of all the patients underwent continuous PSG for up to 24 hours were evaluated. Melatonin levels were determined every 4 hours with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)duration sleep monitoring. Results Eighteen patients were enrolled,and 9 were delirium patients. All the patients had sleep disorders:a decrease in rapid eye movement (REM)sleep 〔(5.91±5.26)%〕,an increase in the sleep fragmentations 〔arousal index was (15.40 ±12.79)times/h〕,and the N3 sleep stage was on the lower limit of normal 〔(14.67 ±11.10)%〕. Compared with non-delirium group,the REM sleep was significantly decreased in delirium group〔(0.10±0.20)%vs.(8.83±3.81)%,t=4.782,P=0.001〕. Melatonin levels lost rhythm between day and night,and there was no difference in melatonin between delirium group and non-delirium group (time effect:F=1.370,P=0.287;between-group effect:F=1.646,P=0.250;interaction effect:F=1.558,P=0.247). The peak of melatonin levels of delirium group appeared on 06:00 〔(137.84±62.21)ng/L〕and 14:00 〔(148.24±58.8)ng/L〕, the minimum value on 22:00 〔(64.47 ±26.97) ng/L〕. But in non-delirium group,the peak of melatonin levels appeared on 02:00 〔(63.52 ±39.75)ng/L〕,the minimum value on 10:00 〔(44.87 ±11.19)ng/L〕. Conclusions ICU patients have sleep disorders,and the delirium patients have less REM stage. Normal rhythmic melatonin secretion changes of ICU patients were lost. The delirium peak of patients appears in the daytime.