OBJECTIVE: To study the application of isokinetic muscle testing in identification of the faked paralysis to provide scientific data for establishing a standard system of muscle strength in forensic medicine identification. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with bone fracture or nerve damage as damaged group and 128 normal subjects pretended paralysis as faked paralyzed group were included in this study. Isokinetic muscle testing was performed on bilateral knees of all subjects in the two groups. The peak torque (PT) and peak torque angle (PTA) were compared between both sides in each group. The features of torque-time graph of two groups were classified. RESULTS: In the damaged group, the differences of PT between two sides of flexors and extensors were statistically significant (P<0.05), while the dif- ferences of PTA were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In faked paralyzed group, the differences of PT and PTA between two sides of flexors and extensors were both statistically significant (P<0.05). The torque-time graph of damaged knee presented mostly as single lead peak, while torque-time graph of the faked paralyzed knee presented mostly as multiple peaks. CONCLUSION The feature of torque-time graph could be useful to identify the faked paralyzed extremities in forensic authentication.
Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology* ; Muscles ; Torque

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of different positions in the isokinetic muscle test of knees by CON-TREX Biomechanical Test and Training System, so as to select the suitable conditions for forensic identification of muscle strength test. METHODS: Fifty-two healthy volunteers joined the isokinetic muscle strength test in unfixed and fixed position, respectively and in two kinds of angular speed (60 degrees/s and 30 degrees/s). The differences of peak torque (PT) and peak torque angle (PTA) between bilateral knee flexor and extensor were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: In the unfixed position, under the two speed, there was statistically significant difference in PT between bilateral knee flexor and extensor (P < 0.05); while in the fixed position, under the two speed, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). In any kind of conditions, the PTA of bilateral knee flexor and extensor did not have statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The position of the subject influences the results of PT. So the position of subject in knees isokinetic muscle test should be regulated.
Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology* ; Muscles ; Posture ; Torque

Background Retinal neovascularization is pathological basis of a variety of fundus diseases,but its pathogenesis is unclear.Studies showed that the expression level of radixin in retina is remarkably increased in retinal neovascularization-related diseases.It is presumed that silencing or down-regulating the abnormal expression of radixin is helpful for curing retinal neovascularization-related diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of radixin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid on expression of radixin gene in retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice.Methods Sixty-four 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, radixin shRNA plasmid group and shRNA plasmid group by random number table.There were 16 mice in every group.OIR models were established by exposing the mice in an environment of (75±2) ％ oxygen for 5 days and then returned to the normal air in the model control group,radixin shRNA plasmid group and shRNA plasmid group,while the mice of the normal control group were fed in the normal air environment.Radixin shRNA plasmid or control shRNA plasmid at the dose of 1 μg was intravitreally injected in 12-day-old mice of the radixin shRNA plasmid group or shRNA plasmid group, respectively.Five days later, FD-2000S angiography was performed on the mice of each group and then retinal flatmounts were prepared for the observation of retinal vessels.The mice from various groups were sacrificed and retinal sections were prepared.The vascular endothelial nucleus and new blood vessels extending inner limiting membrane (ILM) were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining;the expression of radixin in the retinas was detected using immunochemistry;the relative expression levels of radixin mRNA and protein were quantitative assayed by real-time quantitative RCR and Western blot, respectively.The use and care of the animals adhered to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.Results The distribution of retinal vessels was normal in the normal control group.Non-perfusion zone at the posterior pole of retina, circuity of blood vessels,leakage of vessel wall and new blood vessels were found in the mice of the model control group.Non-perfusion zone and microaneurysms were also exhibited in the shRNA plasmid group.However,these findings were slight in the radixin shRNA plasmid group.The surface of ILM was in discontinuity in the model mice and shRNA-injected mice with more vascular endothelial cell nucleus and more tubes extending ILM than that in the radixin shRNA plasmid group.The immunochemistry results showed that the expressions of radixin in the normal control group and radixin shRNA plasmid group were weaker than those in the model control group and control shRNA plasmid group.The relative expression levels of radixin mRNA were 1.002±0.043,2.236-±0.093,0.556±0.015 and 2.272±0.096 in the normal control group, model control group,radixin shRNA plasmid group and control shRNA plasmid group,and those in the radixin shRNA plasmid group were significantly reduced in comparison with the normal control group, model control group and the shRNA plasmid group (all at P＜0.01).The relative expression levels were 1.000±0.082,1.193±0.021,0.263± 0.016 and 1.235±0.005 in the normal control group,model control group,radixin shRNA plasmid group and shRNA plasmid,with the lowest expression level in the radixin shRNA plasmid group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions Radixin shRNA can downregulate the expression of radixin gene in the retinas of OIR mice and further inhibit pathological retinal neovascularization.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Chailing Decoction (CD) on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), renal cell apoptosis and proliferation in rats with chronic cyclosporine A nephropathy (CCN), and to explore its possible mechanism for inhibiting renal fibrosis.

METHODSThe CCN rat model was prepared using oral administration of cyclosporine A (CsA, 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Meanwhile, they were treated with CD (3 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) by gastrogavage. The serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) were measured by the end of the fourth week of the experiment. The kidneys were taken out on the next day. The degree of renal fibrosis was detected using Masson staining. The protein and gene expressions of TGF-beta1, and CTGF were observed using immunohistochemical assay and RT-PCR. The renal cell apoptosis rate and the proliferation index were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSCompared with the control group (BUN: 6.123 +/- 0.588 mmol/L; SCr: 75.654 +/- 8.196 micromol/L; CCr: 0.539 +/- 0.169 mL/min), the renal function of the model group (BUN: 11.600 +/- 1.437 mmol/L; SCr: 101.985 +/- 10.809 micromol/L; CCr: 0.272 +/- 0.060 mL/min) obviously declined (P < 0.01). The collagen deposition in the renal interstitial area significantly increased. The protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1, and CTGF in the tubular epithelial cells and the mesenchymal cells were significantly enhanced (P < 0.01). The cell proliferation index and the apoptosis rate both increased, but the ratio of apoptosis to proliferation (0.317 +/- 0.059) decreased more than that in the control group (0.680 +/- 0.150, P < 0.01). After treatment by CD, the renal function (BUN: 7.340 +/- 0.857; SCr: 84.923 +/- 10.627; CCr: 0.405 +/- 0.081) was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the collagen deposition decreased, the high protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1 and CTGF were down-regulated (P < 0.01), the ratio of apoptosis to proliferation increased (0.650 +/- 0.092, P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONCD could improve the renal function of CCN model rats, inhibit the expressions of TGF-beta1 and CTGF, and recover the balance between the renal cell apoptosis and proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation, thus delaying the renal fibrosis process.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Cyclosporine ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To identify the efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gargle in patients who had oral mucositis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods A total of 134 patients were enrolled in this study from 2014 to 2015. They were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group (n=65) and the control group (n=69). Both groups received preventive measures for oral mucositis. But once oral mucositis occurred, the control group continued with the routine nursing measure, while the experimental group added GM-CSF gargle based on previous routine nursing measure. The effective rate and healing time were compared between two groups. Results The effective rate of the experimental group (81.54%, 53/65) was significantly higher than that of the control group (24.64%,17/69) (χ2=43.434, P=0.000). The median healing time in the experimental group was 4.5 days, shorter than 9.0 days in the control group (Z=-5.379, P< 0.01). Conclusions GM-CSF gargle can control the oral mucositis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of second-line EGFR-TKIs followed by third-line pemetrexed with second-line pemetrexed followed by third-line EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODSFrom March 2007 to August 2008, 83 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who failed standard first-line chemotherapy were included in this study. The patients who received EGFR-TKIs as second-line therapy followed by third-line pemetrexed were designated as group A (n = 45). The patients who received pemetrexed as second-line therapy followed by third-line EGFR-TKIs were designated as group B (n = 38). PFS and MST were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and the difference between groups were compared with Log-rank test.

RESULTSThe progression-free survival (PFS) after second-line therapy in the groups A and B was 8.05 months (95% CI, 5.90 to 10.20) and 4.20 months (95% CI, 3.33 to 5.06), respectively (P = 0.001). The PFS after second-line therapy in smokers and non-smokers was 3.69 months (95% CI, 5.00 to 7.59) and 7.12 months (95% CI, 5.51 to 8.38), respectively (P = 0.007). The PFS of male and female patients was 5.56 months (95% CI, 4.02 to 7.10) and 6.85 months (95% CI, 4.98 to 7.58), respectively (P = 0.279). The PFS after third-line therapy in groups A and B was 6.88 months (95% CI, 5.07 to 8.69) and 7.60 months (95% CI, 5.59 to 9.12) respectively, (P = 0.899). The PFS after third-line therapy in smokers and non-smokers was 4.95 months (95% CI, 2.83 to 7.05) and 8.49 months (95% CI, 6.27 to 10.76), respectively (P = 0.050). The PFS after third-line therapy in male and female patients was 5. 96 months (95% CI, 4.02 to 7.91) amd 8.38 months (95% CI, 5.68 to 11.07), respectively (P = 0.176). The MST in groups A and B was 23.60 months (95% CI, 19.23 to 28.00) and 15.58 months (95% CI, 11.85 to 19.32), respectively (P = 0.021). The MST in smokers and non-smokers was 11.99 months (95% CI, 8.55 to 15.49) and 23.18 months (95% CI, 19.33 to 27.02), respectively (P = 0.001). The MST in male and female patients was 17.40 months (95% CI, 13. 19 to 21.61) and 22.74 months (95% CI, 18.29 to 27.19), respectively (P = 0.111).

CONCLUSIONSSecond line EGFR TKIs followed by third line pemetrexed regimen improves the PFS and MST compared with the regimen second line pemetrexed followed by third line EGFR TKIs in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Smoking status is an independent prognostic factor. Survival is not influenced by gender. Prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Female ; Glutamates ; therapeutic use ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pemetrexed ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoking ; Survival Rate

Isokinetic technology in testing and training is the most advanced practical technique in the evaluation of muscle function. This method is a continuous dynamic test in the full range of the joint motion which has strong pertinence at the aspect of assessing muscle strength, and is an objective and quantitative method for reflecting each point's muscle strength in the range of the joint motion. This article reviews the key concepts, brief history of development and influencing factors of isokinetic technology in testing and training, introduces the progress in the field of rehabilitation medicine and sport science, etc., and discusses the future exploration in forensic science.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction/physiology* ; Joints/physiopathology* ; Muscle Contraction/physiology* ; Muscle Strength/physiology* ; Muscle Strength Dynamometer ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology* ; Physical Education and Training/methods* ; Physical Exertion ; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ; Posture ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology* ; Sports Medicine ; Wounds and Injuries/rehabilitation*

Objective To study the effect of different concentrations of fluoride on cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells(HUVEC). Methods Different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) were added to HUVEC culture medium, fluoride concentrations were 0(control), 100,400,700,1000,2000 μmol/L, respectively,6 re-set hole in each group. After continuous culture for 48 h, cells and culture medium were collected. Cell morphology was studied by Wright-Giemsa staining; cells apoptosis was determined by acridine orange fluorescence staining; cell activity was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity, malonaldehyde(MDA) content, induced nitricoxide synthase(iNOS), and endothelia nitricoxide synthase(eNOS) activity in cell culture medium were determined by spectrophotometry; cell iNOS mRNA and eNOS mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR; intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.Results With increased dose of fluoride, HUVEC cells decreased, the structure changed. In 400 - 2000 μmol/L group, the SOD activity[(6.627 ± 0.213), (6.668 ± 0.152), (5.935 ± 0.122), (4.755 ± 0.182)kU/L] was lower than those of the control group[(7.457 ± 0.398)kU/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], GSH-Px activity[(481.284 ± 43.785),(492.223 ± 16.474), (382.762 ± 25.167), (293.687 ± 24.881 )kU/L] was also lower than those of the control group [(585.078 ± 47.323)kU/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], MDA level[(0.609 ± 0.011 ), (0.646 ± 0.016), (0.852 ± 0.013),(1.188 ± 0.045)nmol/L] was higher than those of the control group[(0.512 ± 0.027)nmol/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01];iNOS activity[(3.604 ± 0.115), (3.615 ± 0.075), (3.848 ± 0.103), (4.275 ± 0.079)kU/L] also was higher than those of the control group[(2.798 ± 0. 136)kU/L, all P ＜ 0.01], iNOS mRNA expression increased, eNOS activity [(5.539 ± 0.079), (5.503 ± 0.064), (5.226 ± 0.142), (4.809 ± 0. 107)kU/L] decreased compared to those of control group[(5.996 ± 0.155)kU/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], eNOS mRNA expression decreased; ICAM-1 levels [(0.852 ± 0. 102), (0.886 ± 0.061 ), (0.961 ± 0.158), (1.418 ± 0. 167)μg/L] increased compared to those of the control group[(0.687 ± 0.046)μg/L, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01], VCAM-1 levels[(2.719 ± 0.197), (2.946 ± 0.167),(3.173 ± 0.225 ), (3.613 ± 0. 153 ) μg/L] was higher than those of the control group [(2.375 ± 0.067 ) μg/L, all P ＜0.01]. Conclusions High concentrations of fluoride reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which leads to metabolic disorders of nitric oxide and abnormal cytokines expression, thereby inhibiting vascular endothelial cell growth, structural change and induced apoptosis. This is an important factor in high fluoride-induced vascular endothelial injury.

Objective To retrospectively analyze echocardiography findings and left hearst function in patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after transcatheter closure. Methods 28 patients admitted between January 2012 and December 2012 in our hospital for PDA transcatheter closure were included. Assessment of cardiac structure, hemodynamics and cardiac function parameters during preoperation and in postoperation 3 days, 1 month and 6 months were studied. Results Statistical significant difference was found at 3 days, 1 month and 6 months postoperation when compared with pre-operation in terms of left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end systolic diameter and other doppler measurements ( all P < 0. 05 ) . Six-minute walk test ( 6MWT) tolerance improved when compared to preoperation level (P < 0. 05). Better improvement in LVEF and LVES was observed in patients age ≤14 years old when compared to patients > 14 years old after operation ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Transcatheter closure of PDA can improve cardiac function and correct early hemodynamic abnormalities patients in younger age group show more benefit from the procedure.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and the roles of adjuvant therapy.

METHODSSixty-one cases of UPSC with operation done and followed up for a period of 4 to 9 years were enrolled into the study. The histology of slides specimens were reviewed and immunohistochemical study was performed. The follow-up and survival data were analyzed.

RESULTSAll of the 61 patients were post-menopausal, with a median age of 68 years. The clinical presentations included abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal symptoms and abnormal Pap smears. The median size of the tumors was 7.5 cm (range=1.2 to 14.8 cm). There were 27.9% cases in FIGO stage I (8.2% in stage IA, 14.8% in stage IB and 4.9% in stage IC), 9.8% in stage II, 32.8% in stage III and 29.5% in FIGO stage IV. The histologic features were similar to those of the ovarian counterpart, with tumor cells containing the high-grade nuclei and arranged in complex papillae. Psammoma bodies were identified in 24.6% of the cases. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells demonstrated diffuse and strong nuclear staining for p53 and Ki-67. They were negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Fifteen of the 61 cases (24.6%) showed no evidence of myometrial invasion. However, ten of the 15 cases had extrauterine disease, with peritoneal (6/15) and nodal (9/15) involvement. Tumors with deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular permeation and nodal metastasis were associated with worse prognosis by univariate analysis. Fifty-six patients received adjuvant therapy. The number of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy alone, adjuvant radiotherapy alone and combined adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy were 42, 24 and 10, respectively. The median survivals of the chemotherapy group and non-chemotherapy group (with or without radiotherapy) were 66.4 months and 32.8 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSUPSC has distinctive clinical and pathologic features. The tumor stage, lymph node status, lymphovascular permeation and depth of myometrial invasion were important prognostic factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III/IV tumors or recurrent UPSC may have survival benefit.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery