Objective To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Thirty patients with stable bronchial asthma (asthma group), 28 patients with stable COPD (COPD group), and 24 healthy subjects (control group) were studied. Lung function, inflammatory cell differentials in sputum and the level of VEGF in induced sputum were determined by induced sputum method and ELISA method respectively. Results The levels of eosinophils in induced sputum in asthma group were 0.9 (0.4-1.4) × 109/L, significantly higher than those in COPD greup[0.1 (0-0.2)×109/L], and control group[0.0(0-0.1) × 109/L] (P < 0.05). The levels of neutrophils in COPD group were 2.3 (1.8-2.8) × 109/L, significantly higher than those in asthma group [1.1 (0.2-1.9) × 109/L], and control group [1.0(0.8-1.2) × 109/L] (P < 0.05). The levels of VEGF in asthma group, COPD group and control group were (2.3 ± 0.5), (0.3 ± 0.1), (0.9 ± 0.2) μg/L, respectively, and significant difference was showed between each group (P < 0.05). The VEGF level in induced sputum was positively correlated with the number of eosinophils in induced sputum in asthma group (γ = 0.62,P < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with FEV<,1>% (γ =-0.56, P < 0.05). The VEGF level in induced sputum was positively correlated with FEV1% in COPD group (γ = 0.43, P < 0.05), and was not correlated with the number of neutrophils in induced sputum (γ = 0.21, P > 0.05). Conclusions The concentration of VEGF in induced sputum increases in patients with bronchial asthma. VEGF may take part in the airway inflammatory development of asthma. The concentration of VEGF in induced sputum decreases in patients with COPD. VEGF may take part in the incidence of COPD.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in treatment of chyluria.Methods Retrospectively analyze the HIFU-based treatment results of 131 patients with chyluria received treatment between Jan 2010 and Jun 2011.The patients' age ranges from 23 to 83 years old,with average 59.The patients consisted of 59 male patients and 72 female patients.74 cases were on the left side,right side 51 cases,6 cases bilateral.There were 47 patients with chylous hematuria,22 cases of recurrence after renal pedicle lymphatic vessel ligation,5 cases of recurrence after laparoscopic ligation of renal lymphatic,1 cases of recurrent pelvic perfusion after silver nitrate.The treatment was carried out according to the following procedure.The affected kidney pedicle and superior segment of ureter,after being divided into two or three irradiation layers,were irradiated daily from deep to superficial layers which completely cover the affected kidney pedicle and superior segment of ureter.The technical parameters of the treatment were:focal region size 4 mm×4 mm×7 mm,Ultrasonic power 800-1100 W,Unit firing time 0.15s,Dutv time 0.18s,Single point total transmit 50 times.The patients were followed up and re-examined within one to five years after treatment.Statistical analyses were conducted on the data of Color doppler ultrasound images on kidney pedicle and renal function tests before and after the treatment,blood routine examination and routine urianlysis.Results 116 patients were followed up and the treatment to 96 of them was deemed effective in which 85 patients completely recovered (73.3％ recovering rate) and 11 patients became better (9.5％).The other 20 patients (17.2％) was ineffective.With regard to the time required to cure chyluria,67 patients (69.8％) required one week,13 (13.5％) required two weeks,11 (11.5％) required four weeks,and 5 (7.5％) required five weeks.Results of color doppler ultrasound images on kidney pedicle and renal function tests were as follows.The volume of kidney,the inner diameter of renal artery,Vmax,RI,inner diameter and blood flow rate of renal vein and serum Cr,serum BUN had no significant difference before and after the treatment (P＞0.05).Results of anemia,hematuria,microscopic hematuria and urinary protein positive were significantly different from the before-treatment results (P＜0.05).During the treatment process,all patients had stable vital signs without serious complications.Conclusions Treating chyluria with HIFU could be a safe and effective method.

Objective To study the effect of motor imagery therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment on walking ability in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.Methods Eighty patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were randomly divided into a treatment group (40 cases) and a control group (40 cases).All the patients in both groups were given basic medication and conventional rehabilitation treatment.In addition,the patients in treatment group were given motor imagery therapy.The 10 m maximum walking speed (10 m MWS),stride length,cadence,Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (lower limb) (FMA-L) and Holden's functional ambulation classification (FAC) were used to evaluate walking ability before the beginning of training and at the end of six weeks of training.Results Before intervention there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of all the assessment (P ＞0.05).At the end of training,all measurements in both groups [the treatment group:10 m MWS (0.53 ± 0.20)m/s,stride length (78.91 ± 20.46) cm,cadence (78.10 ± 12.03) min,FMA-L (24.13 ±5.77),FAC (3.60±1.01);the control group:10 m M WS (0.42 ±0.15)m/s,stride length (69.75 ± 18.31)cm,cadence (71.14±9.29)/min,FMA-L (20.65 ±4.70),FAC (2.93 ±0.89)] were significantly better than those before training (P ＜ 0.05),and the improvements in treatment group were significantly better than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Motor imagery therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation treatment can distinctly improve the walking ability in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.

BACKGROUND:Reports have demonstrated that cytotoxicity produced by ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles is associated with cellular lipid peroxidation. Whether Fe2O3 nanoparticles have toxicity to macrophages, and what is the association of toxic mechanism and oxidization?OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different concentrations of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the oxidative damage of macrophages.DESIGN: A controlled observation experiment.SETTING: School of Public Health, Southeast University.MATERIALS: RAW264.7 cells were peritoneal macrophages of mouse and purchased from Shanghai Institute of cells, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fe2O3 nanoparticles (30 nm) suspension was provided by Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southeast University). Fe2O3 nanoparticle suspension was placed in 60 ℃ water for 10 hours,then in 37 ℃ water overnight. This procedure was repeated 3 times for germicidal treatment. Then, the suspension was packed into small bottles and stored at 4 ℃ for later use. DMEM high glucose culture fluid (Gibco Company,USA); trypsinase (Difco Company, USA, imported); new-bom calf serum(Sijiqing Company, Hangzhou); hydrogen dioxide (H2O2, Gibco Company); Kits for measuring hydrogen dioxide(H2O2), hydroxy radical (·OH), superoxide anion radical (O2·-), lactic acid dehydrogenase, ultramicro ATP enzyme and Coomassie brilliant blue protein levels (Jiancheng Biotechnique Co., Ltd.,Nanjing).METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Department of Labor and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dongnan University between March 2006 and July 2006. RAW264.7 cells (Abelson murine leukemia virus-induced tumor) were cultured in DMEM (Gibco Company) containing 100 g/L fetal bovineserum, 100 000 U/L penicillin and 100 mg/L streptomycin in the environment of 5% CO2. Cell growth was observed under an inverted radical in the cells: 1.5×108 L-1 macrophages were inoculated to 24-well plate, 1 mLa well. After the macrophages were cultured for 24 hours in incubation at 37 ℃ in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. 1.070 0, 0.5350 and 0.2675 g/L Fe2O3 nanoparticles (30 nm) suspension-intervened macrophages were set as Fe2O3 nanoparticle group, and normal saline group was set as control group. Following the intervention of nanoparticles, macrophages were disrupted with Determination of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase: Macrophages in the Fe2O3 nanoparticle group and control group were treated as above. The activities of LDH in culture medium were determined according to the instruction of reagent kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Co., Ltd). And the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca+-Mg2+-ATPase were also determined according to the instruction of reagent kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Co., Ltd) at low temperature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Effects of different concentrations of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the production of H2O2, ·OH and O2·- in RAW264.7 cells.②Effects of different concentrations of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the activities of LDH ,Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in RAW264.7 cell culture fluid.RESULTS: ① Level of ·OH free radical in Fe2O3 nanoparticle 0.267 5, 0.535 0, 1.070 0 g/L groups was higher than that in control group, respectively [(0.605±0.066), (0.410±0.080), (0.764±0.051), (0.285±0.057)mkat/g, P ＜ 0.05]; Level of respectively [(9.935±1.159), (8.912±0.131), (13.479±0.752), (5.635±0.475)μkat/g,P ＜ 0.05]; Level of H2O2 in Fe2O3 nanoparticle 1.070 0 g/L group was higher than that in the control group [(14.695±2.815), (2.397±0.399) mmol/L, P ＜increased (P ＜ 0.05). Fe2O3 nanoparticles had effects on the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase. With the increase of dose of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were gradually decreased. There were significant differences as compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05)CONCLUSION:Increasing dose of Fe2O3 nanoparticles wouldcause more H2O2,·OH and O2·- free radicals in the cells, increase cell membrane permeability and inhibit the activities of LDH, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase.

AIM:To investigate the effect of rs 35100176 CCT insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of importin 8 ( IPO8) gene on its mRNA expression .METHODS:A 342-bp fragment of IPO8 gene promoter con-taining the rs35100176 polymorphism was amplified from 49 DNA samples and sequenced .The IPO8 promoter fragments containing CCT 3-nucleotide insertion or deletion were amplified using the corresponding homozygote DNA samples .The PCR products were sequenced and inserted into the luciferase reporter vector pGL 3-Basic.Recombinant vectors were trans-fected into the cells by Fugene 6.0 and the expression of the reporter gene was detected by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system.The mRNA expression level of IPO8 was detected by real-time PCR in 3-nucleotide insertion or deletion homozygote cells.RESULTS:The sequencing results showed that there were 3 kinds of genotypes in the rs35100176 polymorphism, CCT/CCT, CCT/-and -/-, and the gene frequencies were 18.37%, 55.10% and 26.53%, respectively.The re-combinant expression vectors pGL 3-3N Insertion and pGL3-3N Deletion were successfully constructed .The luciferase assay showed that pGL3-3N Insertion produced significantly lower luciferase activity than that by pGL 3-3N Deletion.Real-time PCR showed that HEK293 cells with 3-nucleotide insertion homozygote expressed relative lower IPO 8 mRNA than Saos-2 cells with 3-nucleotide deletion homozygote .CONCLUSION: The CCT 3-nucleotide insertion variant decreases the pro-moter activity of IPO8, thus affecting the gene expression .

Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010,150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A,and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE)and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0(α= 0.05). Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade (P < 0.05). The clinical practice skills of the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training(P > 0.05). Comparing with the 2010 grade,the theoretical level of the 2009 was better,but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses,the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.

OBJECTIVE:To compare cost-effectiveness of Xiyanping injection and Ribavirin injection in the treatment of com-mon type hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children,and to provide evidence for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:The literatures about Xiyanping injection in the treatment of common type HFMD in children using Ribavirin injection as control were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,PubMed,Cochrane library and other databases. The decision tree was established with TreeAge Pro 2011 software to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. Tornado diagram was used to analyze sensitive factors;single fac-tor and double factors sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The total cost of Xiyanping injection and Ribavirin injection were 2 887.53 and 3 058.72 yuan,respectively. The total effective rates were 92.49% and 78.12%. Xiyan-ping injection shows cost-effectiveness advantage. The results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis.

A novel hydrophobic ferrocene polymer ( P-Fc) was synthesized successfully. Taken the advantage of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ( HP-β-CD ) with hydrophilic outside and hydrophobic inside, P-Fc was successfully enveloped in the cavity of HP-β-CD to form macromolecular vesicle by a self-assembly process. The structure and morphology of the macromolecular vesicle was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, SEM and CV. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was used as target drugs and loaded in the vesicles successfully. After added the oxidant, ferrocene was oxidized to dicyclopentadienyl iron, which destroyed the vesicles successfully. The rapid directional release of the drugs was realized. The maximum loading values of R6G and DOX were 6. 89 and 39. 06 μg/mg, respectively. The release rates were 73. 7%and 88. 2%, respectively. It would increase the utilization level of the drugs and enhance their efficiency.

We reported a case of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) and introduced its diag-nosis, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and development of treatment based on the review of Dana Point 2008 Classification of Pulmonary Hypertensiona and current literatures .A 43-year-old female presented progressive dyspnea, elevated pulmonary arterial pressures and CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) imaging of main pulmonary arterial enlargement and wide spread ill -defined centrilobular nodules of ground-glass opacity.Her histologic features were proliferation of capillary channels within alveolar walls as well as muscularization of arterioles and medial hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries.The treatment with diuretics and warfarin was used promptly , but unfortunately was ineffective. The patient died three months after diagnosis .PCH is a very rare vascular disease with poor prognosis . The diagnosis of PCH rests on the integration of clinical and radiographic information with pathologic fea -tures, however pathology is the most reliable means .Because clinical symptoms, imaging and histological features of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and PCH broadly overlap, differential diagnosis should be made carefully.Among the various pathologic features proliferation of capillaries within alveolar walls is the key point for diagnosing PCH , which is also the most critical criteria for differentiating PCH from PVOD.So far the only definitive treatment for PCH is lung transplantation , without which the pa-tient will die several months after diagnosis .

Objective:To investigate the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 genes in Jing nationality of Central Vietnam.Methods:Applied PCR-SSP tecnique to determine the polymorphism of the HLA-DQA1 alleles of 105 healthy children and youth,unrelated individuals in Central of Vietnam.Results:10 HLA-DQA1 alleles were detected of which DQA1*0104 were the most common allele with frequency of 21.3% and lowest frequency is DQA1*0601.Conclusion:The results indicate that HLA-DQA1 alleles polymorphism of Jing nationality in Central Vietnam is different from the other Chinese. [