Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Palate, Soft ; pathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Tongue ; pathology ; Uvula ; pathology

Objective: To optimize the extraction processes used for enzymatic hydrolysis of total sugar from Cynomorii Herba (Cynomoriumsongaricum) by employed quadratic orthogonal rotation regression combination design. Methods: Taking the extraction rate of total sugar as index, as well as enzyme ratio, enzyme concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, and initial pH value as investigation factors to screen out main factors. The quadratic orthogonal rotation regression combination design was applied to optimize the process. And then, to employ response surface analysis method (RSM) for evaluating the impacts on the response values of the single factor effect and interaction effect of each factor level. Results: The optimum conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration was 1% (wt% of Cynomorii Herba powder), initial enzyme solution pH was 5.5, extraction temperature was 55℃, extraction time was 45 min, and pectinase and cellulose was 1∶1 proportion. The extraction yield of total sugar was (17.54 ± 0.35) %. The influence of response values of each factor presented the relationship of the parabolic surface with the opening downward. The results showed that the impact degree on total sugar yield of Cynomorii Herba were extraction temperature, extraction time, and enzyme ratio, respectively. Conclusion: This method is a simple and effective method to increase the extraction yield of total sugar from Cynomorii Herba. Quadratic orthogonal rotation regression combination design has a favourable predictability.

Objective To investigate the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on neurogenesis in after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in adult rats. Methods Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation, 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) and T3 intervention groups (n = 5 in each group ). A chronic cerebral ischemia model was established by the bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation. Seven days after modeling 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injectied intraperitoneally and the new proliferating cells were labeled. The BrdU positive cells in SVZ were observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results The numbers of BrdU positive cells in the sham operation, 2VO, and T3 intervention groups were 174. 8 ± 18. 5, 325.0 ± 51.0, and 499. 4 ± 30. 8, respectively. There were significant differences among all the groups (F = 101.68, P ＜ 0. 001 ). The numbers of BrdU positive cells in the T3 intervention group were significantly higher than those in the 2VO and sham operation groups (all P ＜0. 001 ). The numbers of BrdU positive cells in the 2VO group were also significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (p ＜0. 001). Conclusions Thyroid hormones may promote neural progenitor cell proliferation in SVZ in adult 2VO rats.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression and its influencing factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)patients with long-term treatment of insulin pumps.Methods A total of 120 T2DM patients receiving long-term insulin pump treatment were enrolled,and 180 T2DM patients who received intensive insulin injection without pump in the same period were enrolled as controls.We assessed the depression in the two groups using Zung’s self rating scale.Results The depression scores of 32 patients with insulin pump were more than 0.50,and the depression prevalence of these patients was 26.67%,which was significantly lower than 48.89% in the control group (P < 0.05 ). The prevalence of moderate or severe depression was 3.33% and 1.67%, respectively,in the insulin pump group,which were considerably lower than the prevalence of 1 5.56% and 9.44%in the control group (P <0.05).Duration of DM and the number of complications might be independent risk factors of depression in DM patients with insulin pump.Conclusion Long-term use of insulin pump may effectively improve depressive state in T2DM patients through its optimal effect on maintaining blood glucose levels.

Purpose There is no agreement for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. This paper aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule by meta analysis. Materials and Methods Literature search was performed in PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases to identify relevant English and Chinese literatures by using pathological results as the gold standard from January 1990 to September 2014. The quality of each selected study was evaluated by QUADAS. The pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity and the corresponding 95% CI were calculated. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC), area under curve (AUC) and the Q* index were also calculated. Results A total of 14 literatures (1970 nodules) were included, the pooled weighted sensitivity and specificity of conventional ultrasonography were 0.74 and 0.70; those of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were 0.86 and 0.82. The AUC by using the two methods were 0.84 and 0.93, respectively, and the Q* index were 0.77 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion In the diagnosis of thyroid nodule, the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is better than conventional ultrasound; however, both of them have high clinical value in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule, thus they are helpful in avoidance of unnecessary surgical treatment in patients with thyroid disease.

Objective:To explore the effects of wild type p53 gene on biologic behavior of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV 3 and the efficacy of cisplatin against the cancer cells when combined with p53 gene therapy.Methods:A human wild type p53 gene recombinant eukaryotic expression vector was introduced by lipofectin mediated gene transfection into SKOV 3 cells which does not express endogenous p53.The clones obtained were observed for their biological behavior and the colony formation when exposed to cisplatin.Results:The exogenous wild type p53 gene expressed stably in the cells.The growth rate and colony formation of these transfected cells were suppressed significantly by exogenous p53 gene and the percentage of phase G 1 cells increased.There was an increasement in the sensitivity to cisplatin of the transfected cells.Conclusion:Exogenous wild type p53 gene can suppress the growth of human ovarian cancer cells and increase the efficacy of cisplatin against the cells.

The biomimetic drug system can effectively reduce the immunogenicity of traditional nanoparticles and make the drug have good targeting and safety by imitating the structure and function of biological system.Therefore,the biomimetic drug system has become an ideal candidate drug delivery system and has been widely concerned as a new drug delivery system.Now domestic and international bionic delivery system research has been involved in different types of pharmaceutical preparations,including nanoparticles,liposomes,microcapsules,polymer micelles and so on.This paper reviews the latest research progress of biomimetic nanoparticles at home and abroad.

Objective To develop a new foldable test tube rack to solve the inconvenience and safety issues arising from transferring the specimens to test all together.Methods 482 urine specimens of 69 daily routines collected in the morning from various sections of the hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The experimental group was placed in the foldable test tube rack; however,the control group was managed with traditional methods.Results The index of stability in the experimental group was 98.3％,95.0％ in the control group,and there was significant difference in both groups ( x2 =4.06,P ＜ 0.05).Environmental pollution did not occur in the experimental group,while it happened six times in the experimental group,there was significant difference between both groups( x2 =4.06,P ＜ 0.05 ).The time for transferring specimens was (18.72 ± 2.92) minutes in the experimental group,(27.28 ± 3.87 ) minutes for the control group,there was significant difference between them( t =3.04,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Foldable test tube rack for transferring specimen is time-saving,as well as avoids re-sorting and places specimens,improves work efficiency; enhances the specimen placement stability,avoiding environmental pollution arising from dumping,overflowing,and sprinkling.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound in diagnosing shoulder lesions.Methods Ultrasound images were obtained by two museuloskeletal sonologists in 111 patients suspected of having rotator cuff and non-rotator cuff lesions which were confirmed by following arthroscopic surgery.Results The arthroscopic findings demonstrated that there were two or more lesions in one patient in majority of patients,included 67 supraspinous tendon tears,5 infraspinous or subscapular tendon injuries,10 calcific tendonosis,2suprascapular notch cysts,34 subaeromial bursitis,1 intrabursa loose body,13 biceps longus tendon dislocation or disruption,and 21 lahrum injury.The accuracy of ultrasonogrpahy was 92% in diagnosis of supraspinous tendons tear,97% in subscapular tendon inj uries,96% in calcific tendonitis,1 00% in suprascapular notch cysts,88% in subacromial bursitis,100% in biceps longus tendon dislocation or disruption,and 81% in labrum injury.Conclusions Ultrasound can evaluate shoulder lesions effectively.

Aim To study the role of histone acetyla-tion and its involvement in the depression-like behav-iors of rats induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS ). Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley (SD ) rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The method of solitary condition with CUS for consecutive 28 days was used to establish the rat depression model.The open-field test (OFT)and the forced swimming test (FST)were used to evaluate the depressive behaviors of rats;the real time PCR was used to detect the change of HDAC2 mRNA, and Western blot was used to determine the protein expres-sions of H3,H4,acH3 and acH4 in the prefrontal cor-tex and hippocampus of rats.Results Model group showed obvious depression-like behaviors with decrea-sing locomotive activity in OFT (P <0.01 )and in-creasing immobility time in FST (P<0.01),up-regu-lating the mRNA and protein expression of HDAC2 (P<0.0 1 ),and down-regulating the protein expression of acH3 and acH4 (P<0.01)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus significantly,compared with control group.Conclusion The mechanism of depressive be-haviors of rats induced by CUS may be associated with down-regulating the level of histone acetylation modifi-cation.