Objective: To develop a novel method using high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with DAD (HPCE-DAD) for the simultaneous determination of 10 phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3- rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) in Bidens bipinnata. The extraction efficiency of above mentioned compounds was compared using six different ethanol/water solutions. Methods: The effects of pH value and concentration of buffer, applied voltage, and temperature on the separation were researched. The 10 compounds were baseline separated within 16 min in a 60 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 25 kV with a running buffer consisting of 25 mmol/L borate (pH 9.5) at wavelength of 214 nm. Results: Excellent linearities of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid were observed at 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 1.0-120, 2.5-120, 5.0-120, 2.5-120, 2.5-120, and 2.5-120 mg/L, respectively. The detection limits were at 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of precision were below 5.17% (n = 6). The mean recoveries for 10 phenolic compounds in B. bipinnata ranged from 94.4% to 105.8%, with RSD values of 0.32%-4.33%. Conclusion: The contents of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3- glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid in B. bipinnata are 95.04-105.84, 78.03-110.45, 96.45-177.96, 178.78-300.00, 62.06-66.54, 71.08-72.85, 77.39-95.30, 68.27-77.43, 68.47- 88.47, and 107.24-142.43 μg/g, respectively.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), as a special molecular subtype of breast cancer, is non-responsive to endocrine therapy or commercially available targeted therapy. It is characterized by early recurrence, rapid progression and poor prognosis. This systemic and comprehensive overview was focused on recent progress on molecular subtyping of triple negative breast cancer and its possible clinical value, chemotherapeutic agents and chemotherapy regimens, and combination of chemotherapy with potential molecular targeting agents.

The changes of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)distribution and connexin 43(Cx43)expression in gastric muscle layers were assayed in gastroparesis models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.The results showed that gastric emptying was significantly delayed,the contraction frequency and amplitude of gastric muscle segments were greatly decreased,Cx43 gray values were significantly increased and Cx43 distributed homogeneously with ICC immunopositivity in the model rats.These changes appear to be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis.

Objective To establish a method for very long chain fatty acids( VLCFA )with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry( LC-MS/MS ). Methods One hundred and one healthy cases and 35 suspected ALD patients collected from April to June in 2009 were enrolled into this study. Quantitative analyzed the concentrations of VLCFA in serum was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The precision, accuracy and recovery were analyzed, and the stability of VLCFA concentration of sample under room temperature and repeated freeze-thawing were also investigated. Serum levels of VLCFA in 101 normal cases were determined and analyzed statistically. The results for the 35 randomly chosen serum samples were compared with those from MDI in Germany. Results Serum VLCFA were separated well under these gradient condition with small interference. The linear range of C22:0 was from 2 mg/L to 64 mg/L, the recovery was 99. 92% -102. 05%, and the relative standard deviation ( RSD ) of intra-day and inter-day was less than 6% and 9% respectively. For C24:0 they were 2-64 mg/L. 95. 12%-100. 44%. ≤6%, ≤7%,respectively. For C26:0, they were 0-8 mg/L, 92.21%-103.71%, ≤7%, ≤8%, respectively. The accuracy of C22: 0,C24:0 and C26:0 were among 85% to 115%. The samples could be stable within 12 h at room temperature and repeated 10 times freeze-thawing. The values of VLCFA in 101 normal cases followed a normal distribution and the measured values were C22:0 =( 19. 43 ±4.43 ) mg/L,C24:0 =( 19. 10 ±4. 58 )mg/L, C26:0 = ( 0. 21 ± 0. 11 ) mg/L, the ratio of C24: 0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22: 0 were ( 0. 99 ± 0. 13 )and ( 0. 01 ±0. 01 ) respectively. The statistical analysis showed the concentration of C26:0 in adults ( 0. 18±0. 10 ) mg/L and children ( 0. 21 ± 0. 08 ) mg/L, C24: 0/C22:0 in adults ( 1.01 ± 0. 10 ) and children ( 0. 99 ±0. 14 ) has no significant( t values were 1. 439,0. 806, respectively, all P ＞ 0. 05 ); the ratio of C24:0/C22:0 in male (1.05 ± 0. 10 ) and female (0.97 ± 0. 10 ) has significant difference ( t =3. 394,P =0. 001 ). Compared the values determined by MDI laboratory, the results of C22: 0( 16. 93 ±4. 30 ) mg/L,C24: 0( 19. 57 ± 6. 40 ) mg/L by this method and C22:0 ( 13.85 ± 3. 17 ) mg/L, C24:0( 16. 10 ±5.84 ) mg/L by MDI have significant differences( t = 8. 401 ,P =0. 000;t =9. 914,P =0. 000 ),but C26:0( 0.68 ±0.48 ) mg/L, C24:0/C22:0( 1.20 ±0.40 ), C26: 0/C22:0 ( 0.04 ±0.04 )by this method and C26: 0( 0. 65 ± 0. 67 ) mg/L, C24:0/C22: 0( 1.19 ± 0. 43 ), C26:0/C22: 0 ( 0. 05 ± 0. 05 )by MDI have no differences( t values were 0. 372,0. 317,0. 945 ,respectively ,all P ＞0. 05 ). Conclusions The quantitative analysis method for serum very long chain fatty acid using LC-MS/MS is accurate, sensitive,specific and stable. It could provide important biochemistry information for diagnosis in clinic.

Objective To establish a LC-MS/MS method for the determination of MMA in serum,and provide a assay for the diagnosis and screening of methylmalonic academia in the clinic. Methods MMA was extracted from 205 serum samples from healthy controls and 146 serum samples from patients with liquidliquid extraction method with MTBE as the extraction solvent. The supernatant was transferred to a tube and dried with nitrogen gas. Then the residual was derived with HCI-BuOH mixed agent to give a product, which was analyzed directly by LC-MS-MS system with a gradient elution, selective reaction monitor, a Discovery C18 column (50 mm × 2. 1 mm ,5 μm) as the isolation column and a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (0. 1% formic acid, V/V), respectively. The concentration of MMA was detected with the isotope internal standard method. The stand curve was employed with a series of calibrators. The recovery was estimated with the 3 serum samples with the concentrations of 2, 25, 80 μg/L respectively. The accuracy,precision and stability were also tested with quality control samples. Moreover, the range of concentrations in healthy people were detected to investigate the influence of hemolysis on the detection results. Thirteen samples were randomly tested according to the digital chart. The testing results were compared with the results provided by Medical Diagnositic institution (MDI) in Germany. The paired t-test was applied to statistical analysis. Results The linear range of this method was 2-100 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient (R2 ) was more than 0. 995. The retention time of MMA derivative was 10. 5 min. Succinic acid and MMA were not found to interfere with each other. The within-run RSD was less than 6. 4%, and the between-run RSD was less than 5.0%. The recovery rates were from 96. 42% to 103. 33%. The limit of quantification was 1 μg/L.The accuracies of the method were form 94. 2% to 108. 2%. The samples were stable for 6 h at room temperature and stable for 70 d even keep at - 20 ℃. The samples were stable after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. The derivatives of MMA were found to be stable at least for 5 d at 4 ℃. The medians of the hemolysis group and the normal group were 102.53 (13.84-302.33) μg/L and 39.52 (11.94-203.08) μg/L,respectively. There was significant difference between the 2 groups ( T = 8, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The medians of comparison test in our laboratory and the MDI were 32. 82(24. 50-100. 42) μg/L and 32. 20(26. 65-93. 30)μg/L There was no significant difference between the 2 groups( T=7 ,P ＞0. 05 ). The mean value (-x± s)of 158 healthy adults( 18-58 years old) and 47 healthy teenages( 1-17 years old)were ( 18.46 ± 10.49 )μg/L and (22. 38 ± 11.45) μg/L, respectively. Conclusions A LC-MS/MS method for analysis of MMA in serum is established successfully. The quantitative method is simple and accurate with good sensitivity,specificity and repeatability. The method can be applied for diagnosis, screening and monitoring of methylmalonic acidemia.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of hesperidin on behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of ratmodel of chronic stress-induced depression.

METHODChronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish the rat depression model. Sixty male SD rats were divided randomly into six groups: the normal group, the model group, the hesperidin (40, 80, 160 mg x kg(-1)) group and the positive fluoxetine (10 mg x kg(-1)) group. They were orally administered with drugs for three weeks. The sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test (FST) were assayed to detect animal behavior. The levels of corticosterone (CORT) in serum, mRNA of corticotropin release factor (CRF) in hypothalamus as well as protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were determined to clarify the anti-depression effect and mechanism of hesperidin.

RESULTCompared with the model group, rats in the hesperidin (40, 80, 160 mg x kg(-1)) treatment group showed significant increase in the sucrose consumption and decrease in the immobility time in FST to varying degrees. Meanwhile, the excessively high serum CORT and adrenal index of CUMS rats were reversed by treatment with hesperidin. In addition, hesperidin inhibited CRF mRNA expression in hypothalamus and up-regulated GR protein expression in PVN among CUMS rats.

CONCLUSIONHesperidin could effectively improve the behavior of CUMS rats and show the anti-depression effect. Its mechanisms may be related to the function of regulating HPA axis.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Depression ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Fluoxetine ; administration & dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Hesperidin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; metabolism ; Stress, Psychological ; complications ; drug therapy ; Sucrose ; metabolism ; Swimming ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complications of bipolar hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2007, 62 patients over 80 years old with unstable interthochanteric fracture were treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty, included 34 males and 28 females with an average age of 86.3 years ranging from 81 to 97 years. According to the Evans classification, there were 29 cases of Evans III, 26 of Evans IV and 7 of Evans V. The systemic and operation related complications were investigated.

RESULTSAmong all the cases, 59 were followed up in outpatient department for 24 to 70 months (33 months on average). Systemic complications were found in 19 cases with no death during preoperative period and 5 deaths after leaving hospital. Operation related complications were found in 9 cases, included 3 cases of thigh pain, 1 iatrogenic fracture of proximal femur, 2 hip dislocations, 2 delayed union of fractures and 1 superficial infection. There were no aseptic loosening, peri-prosthetic infections,ectopic ossification or injuries of nerves and vessels.

CONCLUSIONBipolar hemiarthroplasty is indicated for patients over 80 years old with intertrochanteric fracture, thus the organic or systemic malfunctions should be corrected during perioperative period. Meanwhile, retaining of lesser trochanter and reconstruction of calcar femorale are important for improving periprosthetic biomechanics and reducing local complications.

Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Recovery of Function ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo measure the concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (sRANKL) in peripheral blood among normal healthy people and investigate the relationship pf the concentration with age and sex.

METHODSThe peripheral blood samples of 220 normal healthy people (included 108 males and 112 females, aged from 35 to 70) were collected in the morning. The OPG and sRANKL concentration of blood serum were measured by ELISA.

RESULTSThe concentrations in female peripheral blood were: OPG 21.95 to 315.47 pg/ml, sRANKL 10.25 to 370.20 pmol/L; while in male were: OPG 14.78 to 192.55 pg/ml, sRANKL 9.22 to 300.32 pmol/L. There was positive correlation between the OPG concentration and age in the females older than 46 years. And for female older than 57, the sRANKL concentration of peripheral blood increases obviously.

CONCLUSIONAge and sex are the elements that affect the OPG and sRANKL concentration in peripheral blood. For female older than 46, the OPG concentration of peripheral blood increases with age, while the sRANKL concentration of peripheral blood increases for females older than 57.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoprotegerin ; blood ; RANK Ligand ; blood ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors

Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; enzymology ; genetics ; beta-Lactamases ; chemistry ; genetics