Baculoviruses produce two viral phenotypes, the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV). ODVs are released from occlusion bodies in the midgut where they initiate a primary infection. Due to the lack of an in vitro system, the molecular mechanism of ODV infection is still unclear. Here we present data demonstrating that Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) ODV infected cultured Hz-AM1 cells in a pH dependent manner. The optimal pH for ODV infection was 8.5, which is same to that in the microvilli of midgut epithelial cells, the ODV native infection sites. Antibodies neutralization analysis indicated that four HearNPV oral infection essential genes p74, pif-1, pif-2 and pif-3 are also essential for HearNPV ODV infection in vitro. Thus, HearNPV-HzAM1 system can be used to analyze the mechanism of ODV entry.

As a treasure resource of novel drug lead compounds, how to rapidly and high-efficiently screen and isolate active components from natural products is critical. Thanks to its high resolution, high automation and flexible integration, online two-dimensional liquid chromatography has great potential for screening active ingredients from complex matrices by integrating a highly specific bio-recognition process into a two-dimensional liquid chromatography system before, on or after the column separation. This review comprehensively summarized recent developments, applications and shortcomings of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography for natural product screening from different integration modes, including pre-column, on-column and post-column screening methods.

Objective To examine the evidence for the implementation of targeted interventions by adapting the Minimal Eating Observation Form (MEOF-Ⅱ).Methods A descriptive study was designed to investigate 125 patients with stroke in three hospitals in Shanghai.They were investigated using research tools including Demographic information questionnaire and the Chinese version of MEOF-Ⅱ.Results In the nine items of the scale,the most common eating difficulties were getting food from the plate,picking up food from the plate and transfer it to the mouth,eats more than 3/4 of served portionand sitting position.The patient's age had some influence on the incidence of eating difficulties.The correlation between eating difficulties and assistance in eating were significantly different.Conclusions Most stroke patients at least have one type of eating difficulties.This implies that structured observations are needed in order to detect eating difficulties and to individualize further assessment and proper interventions could be designed.

Objective To explore the scanning technology of head-neck-coronaryone-stop-shopCT angiography using 256-slice iCT and complete image quality analysis.Methods 106 consecutive patients underwent 256-slice iCT head-neck-coronaryone-stop-shop CT angiography.According to the average heart rate,patients were divided into three groups,the 1ow heart rate group with the average heart rate ranged from 40 to 60,medium heart rate group with heart rate from 60 to 80 beats per minute and high heart rate group with heart rate more than 80 beats per minute.The volume rendering (VR),maximum intensity projection (MIP), multi-planar reformation (MPR)and curved planar reconstruction (CPR)were employed for three-dimensional reconstruction after the original image reached to the iCT post-processing workstation.The image quality of head-neck artery and coronary artery were assessed by two senior radiologists individually .Results The image quality scores in the three groups show statistic significance (F=14.886 , P =0.000).The difference between low heart rate group and medium heart rate group show statistic significance (P =0.031).The difference between low heart rate group and high heart rate group was statistical significant (P = 0.026 ).There was no statistic difference between medium heart rate group and high heart group.The excellent rates of coronary artery image quality reached to 100%,96.6%,92.6% in low,medium and high heart rate group respectively.The rates of excellent about head-neck vascular im-age quality in the three groups reached to 100%.Conclusion 256-slice iCT head-neck-coronaryone-stop-shopCT angiography can obtain satisfactory image.The image quality does not decrease in patients with high heat rate.

To further uncover the scientific significance and molecular mechanism of the Chinese herbs with pungent hot or warm natures, endogenous and exogenous expression systems were established by isolation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and transfection of HEK293 cells with TRPV1 channel gene separately. On this basis, the regulation action of capsaicin, one main ingredient from chili pepper, on TRPV1 channel was further explored by using confocal microscope. Besides, the three-sites one-unit technique and method were constructed based on the brown adipose tissue (BAT), anal and tail skin temperatures. Then the effect of capsaicin on mouse energy metabolism was evaluated. Both endogenous and exogenous TRPV1 channel could be activated and this action could be specifically blocked by the TRPV1 channel inhibitor capsazepine. Simultaneously, the mice's core body temperature and BAT temperature fall down and then go up, accompanied by the increase of temperature of the mice's tail skin. Promotion of the energy metabolism by activation of TRPV1 channel might be the common way for the pungent-hot (warm) herbs to demonstrate their natures.
Adipose Tissue, Brown ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal ; cytology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; TRPV Cation Channels ; physiology ; Temperature ; Thermogenesis

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of arthroscopic excision of popliteal cysts through a combined anterior and posterior approach.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2012,20 patients with popliteal cysts were treated with arthroscopic excision. There were 14 males and 6 females, with an average age of 49.5 years old, ranging from 45 to 65 years old. The lump has been found for 4 to 18 months,with a mean time of 12 months. Their mean sagittal diameter was 4.5 cm (ranged from 3 to 7 cm). There were 12 popliteal cysts in the left and 8 popliteal cysts in the right. The main clinical manifestation included lump at popliteal fossa, swelling and pain at knee joint and some extent of dysfunction. All diagnoses were determined according to MRI, which clearly showed the communication of cyst and articular cavity. The cyst was removed under arthroscopy, through the posterior approach and then the intra-articular lesion was treated via the anterior approach. According to Rauschning and Lindgren classification, 2 patients were grade I, 6 patients were grade II, and 12 patients were grade III. The guidelines of Rauschning and Lindgren were used to evaluate the clinical effects.

RESULTSNo complications such as the injury of blood vessel and nerve, or incision infection occurred in all patients. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 8 to 24 months, with a mean time of 16 months. According to the criteria of Rauschning and Lindgren, there were 14 cases of grade 0, and 6 cases of grade I after operation, which was improved obviously compared with that pre-operation. No cyst reoccurred and the knee joint pain was relieved.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of popliteal cysts with arthroscopic excision through a combined anterior and posterior approach is effective to remove the cyst sac and treat intra-articular diseases simultaneously, resulting in the decrease recurrence rate of cyst.

Aged ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Cyst ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Tangshen Recipe (TR) on the homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

METHODS64 patients with diabetic nephropathy were randomly assigned to two groups, 32 in each. Those in the Western medicine treatment group (Group A) received insulin and orally took anti-diabetic drugs, while those in the TR group (Group B) received insulin and orally took TR (consisting of astragalus, raw rehmannia root, sanchi root, euonymus branchlet, rhubarb, bitter orange, and dogwood fruit, etc. 4 g/package). Six months was taken as one therapeutic course. Another 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Eight intermediate metabolites of the homocysteine metabolism in plasma were quantitated before treatment, three months and six months after treatment. The in vivo changes of each metabolite after treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy control group, contents of cysteine (Cys), Hcy, s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and SAH significantly increased in Group A and B before treatment. Contents of methionine (Met), glutathione (GSH), and Cys-gly decreased significantly, showing statistical difference (P<0.05). Patients' in vivo contents of Cys, Hcy, SAM, and SAH significantly decreased, while contents of Met, GSH, and Cys-gly significantly increased after three and six months of treatment when compared with before treatment in the same group (all P<0.05). No statistical difference existed in contents of SAH, SAM, and GSH of Group A and B after six months of treatment when compared with the healthy control group (P>0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in Group A and B.

CONCLUSIONSTreatment of insulin and TR showed similar favorable effect to Western medicine in treatment of diabetic nephropathy. It could improve in vivo hypomethylation and oxidative stress.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Dipeptides ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Homocysteine ; blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of knee osteoarthritis treated with arthroscope and electro-acupuncture. Methods 57 patients (57 knee joints involved) , who were diagnosed by physical examinations and MRI as knee osteoarthritis, were treated by arthroscopy preoperatively and electro-acupuncture and rehabilitation training postoperatively. Results Among the total of 57 cases, 39 cases were recovery (68%), 17 cases were improved (30%), l case was ineffective (2%). The score of preoperative and postoperative HSS assessment was ( 50.3 ± 5.42 )and ( 59.2± 5.28 )respectively (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The treatment of knee osteoarthritis with arthroscope and electro-acupuncture is effective.

Objective To investigate selcnium(Se) levels of environment and human body in Gaomi City and Zichuan District of Shandong. Methods Lijiaying Township in Gaomi City of Weifang City, Zhaili Township and Longquan Township in Zichuan District of Zibo City were selected. Two farming soil samples at different spot, local wheat and corn, residents nail samples from 3 to 4 families were collected in each natural village in the investigated towns. The contents of Se were detected by 2,3-diamino naphthalene fluorescence method. Results Se level of the soil, wheat, corn, and nails in Lijiaying [(0.054 ± 0.019), (0.022 ± 0.009), (0.018 ± 0.007), (0.365 ± 0.108)mg/kg] was significantly lower than that in Zhaili [(0.425 ± 0.080), (0.130 ± 0.043), (0.098 ± 0.026), (0.751 ± 0.134)mg/kg] and Longquan[(0.487 ± 0.153), (0.112 ± 0.030), (0.097 ± 0.029), (0.735 ± 0.145)mg/kg;P < 0.01]. In Lijiaying, Se was deficient in soil, wheat, corn(< 0.200, < 0.025 mg/kg), above Se deficiency diagnosis and below Se-adequate level in the nail, while in Zhaili and Longquan, the Se level in the soil (0.425, 0.487 mg/kg), wheat(0.130, 0.112 mg/kg), corn (0.098, 0.097 mg/kg), nails (0.751, 0.735 mg/kg) was adequate (≥0.400 mg/kg). Conclusions The external environment is Se-deficient in Lijiaying, Se-adequate in Longquan and Zhaili. The selenium level in human body is consistent with the external environment.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of early diagnosis of recurrence and early revision after resection of primary spine tumors.

METHODSFrom March 1989 to September 2005, the relate clinic data of 55 patients with giant cell tumors, osteoblastomas, chondrosarcomas and chordomas in spine in big piecemeal and current fashion was analysed.

RESULTSIn 55 cases, 43 patients were followed up and had complete materials. The follow-up time ranged from 1.6 to 16.5 years, averagely 5.8 years. Thirty-four patients followed up regularly, and 12 were found recurrent, in which one C(1) giant cell tumor was found extensively large 3 months after initial surgery and was undertaken palliatory curet. The other eleven lesions were small and re-operated with wide margin. As a result, six patients lived without tumors during the 1 approximately 9.5 years follow-up, one patient gave up revision when found recurred again for economic reason, another four patients recurred repeatedly, but they persisted in regular follow-up and took revision surgeries whenever the recurred lesion were found. As a result, 3 of them lived without tumor and the other one died of other disease without sign of recurrence. In contrast, there were another nine patients who came to follow up until they had symptoms and were confirmed recurrent extensively. Two of them were excised radically for the tumors located in the relatively easily exposed segments of spine and lived without tumor now. While the other seven patients only received palliatory curet and all died of tumors.

CONCLUSIONSRegular follow-up, early diagnosis of recurrence and early revision need to be regarded as part of radical excision and are very important of surgical treatment of spinal tumors, which can prolong the patients' survival time.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome