Supervised exercise training (SET) has been the first-line treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD),and its curative effect has been widely recognized by scholars both at home and abroad.Beingthe carrier of SET therapy,exercise prescription has an inestimable effect.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the clinical application of exercise prescription in treating PAD patients and to introduce its latest progress in research.

This article discussed the classification of Chinese ancient medieal books in several monographs such as Total Records of Four Bibliographic books on Chinese Medicine,Classification of Motherland Medical Books written by Beiiing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Comprehensive Collection of Chinese Book on Chinese Medicine,Initial Classification Table of Traditional Chinese Medical Books written by Library of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and The Directory Association of Traditional Chinese Medicial Books,etc.and studied and analyzed the current status of the classification of Chinese ancient medical books.

With development of bio-technique, more and more proteins were applied as clinical approaches. However, the protein homogeneity, especially the N-glycosylation limited the further research and application of these protein drugs. The analysis method for N-glycans is believed to be critical in protein drugs development. To enhance the N-glycans isolation efficiency and accelerate the pretreatment, a new strategy was built on ultrafiltration-devices. New methods increased the isolation efficiency of N-glycans containing N-acetylglucosa mine with 10%-20%. The degrading of N-glycans containing sialic acids was also minimized with this method. 20%-100% more N-glycans with sialic acids were isolated. The pretreatment was finished within 30 min. Coupled with HPLC-HRMS, an effective and reliable strategy designed for protein drugs N-glycans analysis were developed.
Glycoproteins ; chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Ultrafiltration ; instrumentation

Medical service system integration follows the logic of system innovation and development.Case studies of the UK,the USA and Australia found that medical delivery system integration is the product of a series of mixed factors.Health care financing and payment mechanism reform,physician team building,stair-cased movement to grassroots of healthcare service,shared clinical norms utilization as well as its gradual development constitute the general logic of such an integration.In the evolution process,the check and balance between the government and market,equity and efficiency have been affecting the integration process all the way.In light of these logics,China should speed up its transform of the integration concept,improve the integration elements,and strengthen the guidance of integration principles during its integration of the medical service integration.

Stilbene glucoside is one of major active constitutions in Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Stilbene glucoside contributed markedly to resisting caducity, protecting nerve, reducing serum lipids, and protecting liver and antitumor activity. The extraction and purification technology is the key issue to obtain stilbene glucoside. Through research, extraction and purification technology has made a certain progress. The stilbene glycoside could be extracted by water boiling, diacolation, and backflow; then it could be purified by the method of chromatography, recrystallization, and extraction. In this article, the technologies in extracting and purifying stilbene glucoside were reviewed, and the prospect of stilbene glucoside preparation was discussed to lay the foundation for further research and application.

Objective To investigate the blood pressure status of preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao, and to determine the relationship between obesity and blood pressure in preschool children. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 13 kindergartens in urban districts of Qingdao. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure of children in three classes were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were calculated and the relationship between obesity and blood pressure was analyzed. Results The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao were (95.52±7.66) and (62.78±6.52) mmHg, respectively.The detection rate of hypertension in preschool children was 13.50%. The SBP and DBP were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to height ratio. There was a linear regression relationship between body mass index and age and blood pressure. The risk of hypertension in overweight and obese children was 5.191 and 2.824 times of normal body weight, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in preschool children in Qingdao urban areas is high.Overweight and obesity are risk factors for elevated blood pressure.Therefore, while preventing preschool children from obesity, preschool children's blood pressure monitoring and blood pressure monitoring and early intervention of hypertension of preschool children should be implemented.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and LRRK2 gene mutation in patients with autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods The clinical features of 16 autosomal dominant familial PD probands were analyzed in terms of age at onset, onset symptoms, UPDRS scores, response to the levodopa treatment and drug-induced dyskinesia. The LRRK2 gene exons 5,13,31,32,35,37,41 and 48 of 16 probands were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction. The novel mutation was further screened in 24D sporadic PD patients and 214 controls using PCR-RFLP for the genotypo frequency analysis. Results Clinically, most of 16 probands had late-onset age. Resting tremor (9patients, 56. 25%,t=0.558,P=0.679)and bradykinesia (9 patients,56.25%,t=0.369,P=0.454)were common onset symptoms followed by rigidity(6 patients,37.50%,t=1.324,P=0.735)and postural instability(5 patients,31.25%,t=2.369,P=0.956).Majority of them had good response to levedopa treatment and rare occurrence of drug-induced dyskinesia. Among the 16 autosomal dominant familial PD probands,6 variants were identified:c.457 T＞C(Leu153Leu),c.1432 G＞T(Asp478Tyr),c.5457 T＞C(Gly1819Gly),c.7153 G＞A(Gly2385Arg),IVS31+28 T＞G and IVS37+162 T＞C. The c.1432G＞T(Asp478Tyr)variant was a novel mutation and it was not detected in 240 sporadic PD patients and 214 controls. The reported mutations associated with the PD, such as Arg1441 Cys/Gly/His, Arg1514Gln, Tyr1699Cys, Ile2012Thr, Gly2019Ser and Ile2020Thr,were not found in our study. Conclusions The autosomal dominant familial PD patients present with classical symptoms of PD and bear the LRRK2 variantsAsp478Tyr and Gly2385Arg.

The fragmentation pathways of five estrogens (estradiol, estrone, equilin sulfate, 17 a-dihydroequilin sulfate and equilenin sulfate) have been studied with high resolution and high mass accuracy using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF/MS) in the negative ion mode. Molecular weights were obtained from [M-H](-) ions in the product ion spectra. The results indicate that the five structurally similar estrogens have similar fragmentation pathways. Using their stable isotope forms as internal reference compounds, the accurate mass and composition of the fragment ions were determined. During collision-induced dissociation (CID), cleavage is initiated by loss of oxygen atoms from carbon-17, after which D and C rings cleave sequentially and rearrange to finally form stable conjugate structures with highly abundant characteristic fragment ions at m/z 183 (accompanied by m/z 181), m/z 169 and m/z 145 (accompanied by m/z 143). Understanding these characteristic fragmentation pathways of estrogens will be helpful in identifying the structures of steroid hormones in general.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Equilenin ; chemistry ; Equilin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Estradiol ; chemistry ; Estrogens ; chemistry ; Estrone ; chemistry ; Ions ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective: To study the acute toxicity of Xiaobai capsules in mice after intragastric administration .Methods: The mice were randomly divided into two groups , the treatment group and the control group .The treatment group was given Xiaobai cap-sules by gavage, 3 times daily.The acute toxicity was recorded, and the median lethal dose (LD50) and the maximum dose were deter-mined.Results:The maximum daily dose of Xiaobai capsules was 141.6 g· kg-1(equivalent to 211.3 times of the clinical dose).At the dose, the mice showed no toxicity without death in 14 days or changes in organs after the dissection .Conclusion:Xiaobai capsules have very low acute toxicity in mice after intragastric administration with high security .

Background Our previous study demonstrated that epigallocateehin-gallate(EGCG),an active ingredient of green tea,has protective effect on optical nerve after optic nerve crush.Astrocyte was proved to play key role in the repair of nerve tissue,but the influence of EGCG on astrocyte is unclear.Glial flbrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a special marker for astrocyte. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on the expression of GFAP in optic nerve tissue after optic nerve crush. Methods Seventy-two clean Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,sham+EGCG group,optic nerve crush+normal saline group(vehicle group),optic nerve crush+EGCG group.Optic nerve crush models were established by clamping optical nerve for 60 seconds by minitype optic nerve clipper with the force of 40 gram.Only ocular tissue was cut in the rats in sham group.Normal saline solution or EGCG(25 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally injected daily for 5 days consecutively and orally administered(2 mg/kg)daily afterwards.The expression of GFAP in optic nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified by Western blotting analysis on day 7,14 and 28 after modeling. Results lmmunochemistry showed that GFAP were weakly expressed in the rats of both normal group and sham+EGCG group with the sliSht brown staining in optic nerve tissue.The deeply brown staining for GFAP was seen in vehicle group,and the staining intensity weakened in optic nerve crush+EGCG group compared to vehicle group on days 7,14 and 28 after modeling.Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression level of GFAP in rat optic nerve tissue of vehicle group was significantly enhanced in comparison with normal control group(P＜0.01).On day 7 and 14 after optic nerve modeling,the expression levels of GFAP were evidently decreased in optic nerve crush+EGCG group in comparison with vehicle group(P＜0.05).However,on day 28 after modeling,no significant difference wag found in the expression levels of GFAP between vehicle group and optic nerve erush+EGCG group(P＞0.05). Conclusion EGCG down-regulates optic nerve crush-induced of GFAP in the optic nerve and therefore attenuates the activity of astrocytes,suggesting that EGCG might reduce the formation of glial scar.