Adrenal Glands ; Female ; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ; Humans ; Spherocytosis, Hereditary ; complications ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze and evaluate the fatigue of shoulder skeletal muscle caused by different lifting loads with surface electromyography (sEMG).

METHODSAccording to the loading standard of1 Repetition Maximum (1RM), ten male volunteers performed 3 tasks of upper limb flexion, i.e. 10%, 50% and 90%-1RM. During action process, the signals of Upper Trapezius (UT), Lower Trapezius (LT), Serratus Anterior (SA) and Anterior Deltoid (AD) were recorded by sEMG. The Mean Amplitude (MA) served as an index to evaluate the changes in skeletal muscle fatigue.

RESULTSThe scores of Borg were 15.6, 15.9 and 15.2 for 3 loads of 10%-1RM, 50%-1RM and 90%-1RM, respectively (P > 0.05). The mean amplitudes (MAs) of Upper Trapezius, Lower Trapezius, Anterior Deltoid and Serratus Anterior in shoulders increased obviously. Under the load intensity of 10%-1RM, the MAs of Upper Trapezius and Anterior Deltoid increased significantly (P < 0.05), which were 0.898 and 0.736, respectively. After the exhaustion, the contribution of mean amplitude in shoulder muscle did not change significantly (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe low-load action for long time can induce easily the fatigue of upper trapezius and anterior deltoid.

Adult ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Lifting ; Male ; Muscle Fatigue ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Shoulder ; physiology ; Workload

Heishui county, located in northwest Sichuan province, southwestern China, is an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is the most intractable area. VL is never destroyed in it. Asymptomatic dogs (Leishmania parasites have been diagnosed but clinically healthy) are considered to be a potential reservoir host in zoonotic VL area, and most can lead to infection of individuals, that is a new challenge for controlling VL in humans. The present study aimed to assess the Leishmania infection rate of asymptomatic dogs in Heishui county. Total 105 asymptomatic domestic dogs were gathered from 4 districts in Heishui county to investigate the infection rate with serological and molecular methods based on ELISA and kinetoplast minicircle DNA(kDNA) PCR, respectively. Out of 105 dogs, 44 (41.9%) were positive by more than 1 method; 21 (20.0%) were positive by ELISA, and 30 (28.6%) were positive by kDNA-PCR. Our study showed that Leishmania infection of domestic dogs which is clinically healthy is prevalent in the studied district, and the asymptomatic dogs infected by Leishmania may be the primary reason for the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in the area.
Animals ; China* ; Dogs* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Leishmania* ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral* ; Methods ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence

Objective To explore the management of spontaneous intraspinal hematoma.Methods From January 2011 to July 2018,29 cases with spontaneous intraspinal hematoma were admitted to our department.Date on etiology,clinical presentation,radiological features,treatment strategy and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.The prognosis was assessed by American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (ASIA) before and after the treatment.Results Total of 29 cases,only 10 cases (34.5％) revealed specific etiology,including 7 cases of spinal vascular malformation,2 of tumor apoplexy,1 of cavernous hemangioma.After 2 weeks of conservative treatment,3 patients with grade D and 3 patients with grade E were assessed for spinal function.The average interval from onset to surgery was(9.4±7.5) days,the ASIA after two weeks of the operation was as follows:5 patients were assessed at grade A,5 patients at grade C,8 patients at grade D and 4 patients at grade E.28 patients were followed up for (48.7±23.1) months on average,6 patients without surgery were E,22 cases with surgery were as follows:4 cases A,18 cases D/E.Conclusions The etiology of spontaneous intraspinal hematoma is hard to define even after complete preoperative examination and exploratory operation.The preoperative neurologic functions are important predicting factors for the prognosis of spontaneous intraspinal hematoma.For patients who had neurologic function deficit,surgical treatment should be performed urgently to remove the hematoma and release the decompression of spinal cord.The majority of these patients can achieve a positive prognosis after surgery.

Malaria remains a serious public health problem in Shandong Province, China; therefore, it is important to explore the characteristics of the current malaria prevalence situation in the province. In this study, data of malaria cases reported in Shandong during 2012-2014 were analyzed, and Plasmodium species were confirmed by smear microscopy and nested-PCR. A total of 374 malaria cases were reported, 80.8% of which were reported from 6 prefectures. Of all cases, P. falciparum was dominant (81.3%), followed by P. vivax (11.8%); P. ovale and P. malariae together accounted for 6.4% of cases. Notably, for the first time since 2012, no indigenous case had been reported in Shandong Province, a situation that continued through 2014. Total 95.2% of cases were imported from Africa. The ratio of male/female was 92.5:1, and 96.8% of cases occurred in people 20-54 years of age. Farmers or laborers represented 77.5% of cases. No significant trends of monthly pattern were found in the reported cases. All patients were in good condition after treatment, except for 3 who died. These results indicate that imported malaria has increased significantly since 2012 in Shandong Province, especially for P. falciparum, and there is an emergence of species diversity.
Africa ; China* ; Farmers ; Humans ; Malaria* ; Microscopy ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium malariae ; Plasmodium ovale ; Plasmodium vivax ; Plasmodium* ; Prevalence ; Public Health

Objective To construct pEGFP-N1-HBsAg-ROP2 recombinant expression plasmid and transfect HEK293T cells for expression,and pay a way for Toxoplasma gondii nucleic acid vaccine development. Methods According to the HBsAg gene sequence and pcDNA3-p30-ROP2 recombinant plasmid restriction sites,the HBsAg gene was amplified by PCR.The HB-sAg gene was cloned into the pcDNA3-p30-ROP2 and instead of p30 gene.The HBsAg-ROP2 fragment was amplified by PCR and digested with HindⅢand KpnⅠto clone into the pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic expression vector and construct the recombinant pEGFP-N1-HBsAg-ROP2.The expression vector was transfected into HEK293T cells based on the identification of PCR amplifi-cation,restriction endonucleases and sequencing.Results The PCR product of HBsAg was about 700 bp,which was consis-tent with the theoretical value.Two bands of about 5.4 kb and 1.9 kb were obtained after double enzyme digestion with pcDNA3-HBsAg-ROP2 recombinant plasmid.The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-HBsAg-ROP2 was double-digested to generate an empty vector fragment of about 4.7 kb and a band of about 1.9 kb of HBsAg-ROP2 fragment.The results of sequencing showed that the sequence was 99.84% identical with the published sequence in GenBank.The target plasmid was successfully transfect-ed into HEK293T cells,and the expression was correct,the protein concentration was 3.08 mg/ml.Conclusion The recombi-nant plasmid pEGFP-N1-HBsAg-ROP2 is successfully constructed and expressed efficiently.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinico-pathologic features, treatment and prognosis of Castleman disease.

METHODSThe clinico-pathologic data of 16 patients diagnosed as Castleman disease from January 2002 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe median age was 28.5 (7-73)years old. There were 14 unicentric cases, 92.8% (13/14) of which was diagnosed as hyaline-vascular type. Two multicentric cases was diagnosed as plasmatcyic type. All the patients were treated by surgical resection and their median follow-up was 55.5 (2-150)months. As a result, 13 unicentric cases achieved sustained remission, 1 unicentric case with plasmatocytic type relapsed at 60th month after surgical resection.

CONCLUSIONClinical subtype and histopathogenic type are the dominating progonostic factors in Castleman patients. The clinical presentation of unicentric disease has been found to be benigns and the surgical resection can be used as first-line treatment method in clinic. The clinical presentation of multicentric disease may be stable or advanced, and the prognosis of advanced cases is poor as there are no effective treatments.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Castleman Disease ; Child ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the drug-resistant gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum imported from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province. MethodsFrom 2015 to 2016, blood samples were collected from imported P. falciparum malaria patients returning from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province, and genome DNA of the malaria parasite was extracted. The drug-resistant Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and K13 genes of P. falciparum were amplified using a PCR assay, followed by DNA sequencing, and the sequences were aligned. Results The target fragments of all 5 drug-resistant genes of P. falciparum were successfully amplified and sequenced. There were 72.8%, 18.6%, and 8.6% of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfcrt gene, respectively, and all mutant haplotypes were CVIET (the underline indicates the mutation site). There were 20.0%, 61.4% and 18.6% of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfmdr1 gene, respectively, and the mutant haplotypes mainly included YF and NF (the underlines indicate the mutation sites). There were 1.4%, 98.6%, and 0 of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfdhfr gene, respectively, and AIRNI was the predominant mutant haplotype (the underline indicates the mutation site). There were 1.4%, 94.3%, and 4.3% of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfdhps gene, respectively, and SGKAA was the predominant mutant haplotype (the underline indicates the mutation site). The complete drug-resistant IRNGE genotype consisted of 8.6% of the Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes, and the K13 gene A578S mutation occurred in 1.4% of the parasite samples. Conclusions There are mutations in the Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and K13 genes of P. falciparum imported from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province, with a low frequency in the Pfcrt gene mutation and a high frequency in the Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps gene mutations, and the K13 gene A578S mutation is detected in the parasite samples.