Objective To analyze the stress distribution of the weakened root dentine restored with titanium post-core crown and fiber post-core crown by finite element method.Methods The sample was scanned by Inveon Micro-CT technology from incised margin to root apex at 21 μm interval to obtain transverse data of DICOM format.The three-dimensional finite element model was created by rebuilding the morphology of maxillary central incisor with Inveon Research Workplace as well as Mimics,Geomagic and Catia software.The model was meshed and loaded to analyze the stress distribution on the weakened dentine of root by finite element method.Results The maximum stress,shearing stress and equivalent stress of the root restored with fiber post-core crown were 60%less than the stresses of the root restored with titanium post-core crown in the experiment.The stress on various parts of the root restored with titanium post-core crown was higher than that of the root restored with fiber post-core crown.Furthermore,the stress concentration occurred mainly on the labial interface of the upper 1/3 of root. Especially when the root was restored with titanium post-core crown,the stress value reached 37 .73 MPa,which was 1.9 times that of fiber post-core crown.Conclusion The finite element analysis indicates that the fiber post-core crown is better than titanium post-core crown in avoiding stress concentration and root fracture in the restoration of weakened root of maxillary central incisors.

Cadherins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm DNA integrity.

METHODSTotally, 784 cases of male infertility were selected from our case database and grouped according to whether they were smokers or nonsmokers, how much they smoked (< or = 10, 11-19 and > or = 20 cigarettes/d) and how long they smoked (< or = 5, 6-9 and > or = 10 yr). Sperm DNA integrity was measured using sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation and immature spermatozoa were expressed by the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) respectively. Conventional sperm parameters and sperm DNA integrity were compared among different groups.

RESULTSThe total semen volume and percentage of grade a + b sperm were lower and the sperm morphological abnormality was higher in the > or = 20 cigarettes/d and > or = 10 yr groups than in the others (P < 0.05). DFI and HDS were significantly higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers (P < 0.05). HDS was negatively correlated with the percentage of grade a + b sperm (r = -0.18, P < 0.05) and both DFI and HDS were positively correlated with the rate of sperm malformation (r = 0.31 and r = 0.39, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSmoking more than 20 cigarettes a day or longer than 10 years has deleterious effects on the semen volume, percentage of grade a + b sperm and sperm morphology of the smokers. Cigarette smoking decreases sperm DNA integrity and nuclear maturation.

Adult ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the effect of proximal interphalangeal joint(PIPJ) motion on the tension of the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon through measuring the extensor tendon and find the fixed position of PIPJ when the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon at minimum tension,and to provide reference for best fixed position in clinical treatment.Methods The maximal passive flexion angles of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP J) of the index,distal,ring and little fingers were measured in 20 cadaver hands when the PIPJ flexed at 0 °,20 °,40 °,60 °,80 ° and 100 °.Making an incision over the back of the DIPJ to expose the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon.Incising the extensor tendon laterally at the level of the DIPJ with the DIPJ fixed in extension position to make a mallet finger.Pierced a Kirschner wire through and perpendicular to the distal phalangeal basement as a sign.Parallel to this sign,marked the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon and measured its relative distance to the sign as the sliding distance of the extensor.Recording the widest gap between the tendon edges and the tendon sliding distance while the PIPJ was in extension and 20°,40°,60°,80° and 100°flexion position,severally.Results The maximal passive flexion angle of the DIPJ increased with the PIPJ flexed from 0°to 100°in 80 fingers.The gap between the extensor tendon edges in zone Ⅰ was (1.322 8 ± 1.078 9) mm when the PIPJ was in extension position.The proximal extensor tendon glide distally while the PIPJ flexed to 100° with an average sliding distance of(1.540 5 ± 0.690 7) mm.Conclusion The zone Ⅰ extensor tendon has the maximal tension while the PIPJ is in extension position.Flexing PIPJ can make the tension decrease.

Objective To study the effects of cold on the function of co lon in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and experimental group.The rats in experimental group were orally administrated 0-4 ℃ cold saline for 60 days.The intake and drinking in 24 hours,the faeces quantity within 6 hours and the time of defecation were measured on 30 and 60 days.Blood biochemical parameters were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer.Faeces were collected and observed by stereo microscope.A part of colonand gastric was fixed with 10％ for malin.Hematoxylin-eosin stained,and then observed under microscope.Results On 60 days,the weight of normal group and experimental group were (268.2 ± 18.35),(319.2 ± 10.17) g,and the intake in 24 hours were (48.0 ± 1.7),(85.1 ± 2.6) mg · g-1 and drinking in 24 hours were (54.6 ± 9.5),(84.6 ± 2.7) μL · g-1,the faeces quantity within 6 hours were (0.65±0.43),(3.06 ± 0.62) g,the time of defecation were (615.5±156.48),(408.2 ± 29.7) min.The difference between two groups above factors had statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.01).On 60 days,the serum Albumin (Alb) in experimental group was (38.48 ± 2.95) g · L-1,and the creatinine (Cr) was (36.46 ± 2.07) mmol · L-1,and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was (6.38 ± 0.46) mmol · L-1,and the concentration of sodium (Na +) was (142.04 ±4.43) mmol · L-1,and the concentration of potassium (K+) was (5.98 ± 1.03) mmol · L-1.There was no significant difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Observation of the morphology of colon that the mucosa epithelial cells and goblet cells in experimental group were increased,and the neutrophil were reduced and a small amount of inflammatory cell are infiltrating after 60 days.The rat feces become into beaded,hard and unpolished after 60 days.Conclusion Cold stimulation could lead to colonic motility and secretion dysfunction in SD rat.

Objective To analyze the literatures on development of clinical therapy of colistin by biliometric analysis.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang database were searched.Endnote was used to categorize the publications according to published year,country,literature types,involved drugs,journal and so on,and statistical analysis was performed.Results A total of 400 articles were included with 25 Chinese and 375 English articles.The first article was published in 1961and then number showed an overall upward trend.The main publication type was in vitro study (227,56.75％).The combination therapy was mainly based on carbapenems,rifampicin and tigecycline.Conclusion The colistin combination therapy gets an increasingly attention due to the appearance of multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and the occurrence of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.The majority of researches were the combination with carbapenems,rifampicin and tigecycline,but the evidences for studies in animals and clinical researches were insufficient.

Objective To study the effects of Angelica sinensis radix (Danggui) on gastrointestinal hormone and expresomatostatinion of tyrosine kinase receptor C-kit in mouse with blood-deficiency constipation (Xuexu Bianmi).Methods Kunming mouse were randomly divided into six groups,each group had 10 mouse:normal group,model group,control group,three dose of experimental groups.Except the normal group,the mouse in rest groups were orally administrated every day with diphenoxylate 25mg · kg-1 and subcutaneously injected at 1,4,7,10 d with acetylphenyhydrazine 60 mg · kg-1 and intraperitoneally injected at 10-14 d with cyclophosphamide 40 mg · kg-1 to copy Xuexu Bianmi model.At the 14 d,normal and model group were administered physiological saline,the control group were administered solution of Changtongshu Keli 5 mg · kg-1,three dose of experimental groups were administered with different doses of Danggui decoction (4.17,8.33,16.67 g · kg-1).The levels of motilin(MLT),substance P(SP),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) and somatostatin in blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA).The expression of C-kit in colon were measured by immunohistochemical technique.Results MLT (pg · mL-1) in normal group,model group,control group,three dose of experimental groups were 1830 ± 246,1498 ± 198,1722 ± 237,1697 ± 245,1754 ± 199,1865 ± 259,respectively;the SP (ng · L-1) in the 6 groups were 266 ± 30,222 ± 34,259 ± 32,218 ± 28,252 ± 29,268 ± 30,respectively;the VIP (ng · L-1) in the 6 groups were 435 ± 109,579 ± 107,508 ± 105,417 ± 139,413 ± 126,445 ± 101,respectively;CCK-8 (pmol · L-1) in the 6 groups were 229 ±26,138 ± 12,180 ±22,164 ± 16,159 ±26,210 ±31,respectively;SS (n · L-1) in the 6 groups were 100 ±20,138 ±29,93 ± 16,104 ±23,101 ±22,99 ± 16,respectively.Comparison between model group and normal group,the di-fference had significantly (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).Comparison between control group on the CCK-8,SS and model group,the difference had significantly(all P ＜0.01).Comparison between experimental-L group on the VIP,CCK-8,SS and model group,the difference had significantly (all P ＜ 0.05)Comparison between experimental-M group on the MLT,VIP,SS and model group,the difference had significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Comparison between experimental-H group on the MLT,SP,VIP,CCK-8,SS and model group,the difference had significantly(P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Comparison with the model group,the expression of C-kit in colon in three doses experimental groups were increased.Conclusion The mechanism of Danggui in treating mouse woth Xuexu Bianmi may be related to adjusted gastrointestinal hormone in serum and colon and increased the expression of C-kit in colon.

OBJECTIVETo construct the plasmid expression vector pSIH1-H1-copGFP for RNA interference against vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and to evaluate its effect on the expression of VEGF-C mRNA in gastric cancer cells after transfection.

METHODSThree siRNAs of genome sequence of VEGF-C gene were retrieved from GenBank and one negative chain was used as control. Four siRNAs were cloned into plasmid pSIH1-H1-copGFP,which were then transfected into gastric cancer cells (SGC7901). The expression of VEGF-C mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid of pSIH1-H1-copGFP specific for VEGF-C was confirmed by gene sequencing analysis. The target sequence obtained was completely consistent with the design. Transfection efficiency of the three siRNAs ranged from 60% to 70%. After transfection, the expression of VEGF-C mRNA in SGC7901 cells was significantly inhibited. Inhibition rates of VEGF-C mRNA expression were 35.4%, 33.8% and 81.5% in the three siRNA plasmid vectors, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe siRNA expression plasmid vector against VEGF-C mRNA is successfully constructed, and RNAi may be a useful technique to inhibit the lymphangiogenesis of gastric cancer.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics

This study was aimed to observe the curative effect and safety of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule ( DJC ) combined with atorvastatin on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in diabetes patients without hyper-tension . A total of 196 diabetes patients without hypertension with incrassate carotid artery IMT were randomly divided into the control group ( 98 cases ) and the treatment group ( 98 cases ) . The conventional diabetes thera-py was given to both groups . The atorvastatin of 20 mg/night was given to the control group . And the atorvas-tatin 20 mg/night added with DJC 9 . 0 g/night were given to the treatment group . The treatment course was
12 months . Carotid artery IMT , carotid atherosclerotic plaque area , FPG , FIns , HOMA-IR , HbA1c , blood lipids , hepatorenal function and etc . were examined before and after the treatment respectively . The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between carotid artery IMT and FIns , HOMA-IR , HbAlc , LDL-C . After 12-month treatment , the total effectiveness is 85 . 87% in the treatment group . And there was significant difference compared with the control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The levels of FPG , FIns , HOMA-IR , HbAlc of the treatment group had no difference compared with the control group . Compared with the control group, TC and LDL-C of the treatment group was obviously decreased (P < 0.05). And HDL-C was significantly increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The carotid artery IMT of the treatment group decreased from ( 0 . 11 ±0 . 01 ) cm to ( 0 . 08 ± 0 . 01 ) cm . And compared with the control group , there was statistical significance ( P <0 . 05 ) . The carotid atherosclerotic plaque area of 58 cases in the treatment group decreased from ( 0 . 37 ±0.56) cm2 to (0.21 ± 0.25) cm2. However, there was no statistical significance compared to the control group. There were 5 adverse events in the control group and 9 adverse events in the treatment group . And there was no difference between two groups. It was concluded that DJC combined with atorvastatin can regulate lipid metabolism and reduce carotid artery IMT .

Objective To observe the effects of Angelica Sinensis Radix on the expression of aquaporin 8 (AQP8) and the levels of AC-cAMP-PKA in colon of blood-deficiency constipation in mice; To identify mechanism of Angelica Sinensis Radix for loosening the bowels to relieve constipation. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive medicine group, and Angelica Sinensis Radix high-, medium-, and low-dose groups, with ten mice in each group. Diphenoxylate, acetylphenlyhydrazine and cyclophosphamide were used to establish blood-deficiency constipation mice models. From the 14thday of the experiment, Angelica Sinensis Radix high-, medium-, and low-dose groups were given 16.7, 8.8, and 4.2 g/kg Angelica Sinensis Radix Decoction for gavage. Positive medicine group was given 5.0 g/kg Changtongshu Granules Liquid for gavage. Control group and model group were given equal volume of saline for gavage. The symptoms of blood deficiency constipation were observed and defecation time. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of AQP8 protein and mRNA in colon, and the expression of AC-cAMP-PKA in colon was detected by ELISA. Results The mice in the model group developed blood deficiency constipation syndrome; the defecation time was significantly prolonged (P＜0.01); the expression level of colonic AQP8 protein and mRNA, AC, cAMP and PKA significantly increased (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Compared with model group, the defecation time was significantly shortened in Angelica Sinensis Radix high-, medium-, and low-dose groups; the expression of AQP8 protein and mRNA and the levels of AC, cAMP and PKA were significantly decreased (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion The treatment of Angelica Sinensis Radix for blood-deficiency constipation may be related to adjusting the AC-cAMP-PKA signaling pathways and reducing the expression of AQP8 protein and mRNA.