Objective To study the techniques of the treatment for epidermoid with endoscope-as- sisted microneurosurgery.Methods The suboccipital,infratemporal transtentorial approach and endoscope- assisted microneurosurgery were used.Results Total resection was achieved in 10 cases,and subtotal resec- tion was made only in 2, and had no complications of all.Conclusion Endoscope-assisted microneuro- surgery can increase the total-resection rate for tumors,and reduce complications.

The process of U(VI) biosorption by freshwater algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and its absorption mechanism, absorption thermodynamics and absorption kinetics were investigated in this paper. The effects of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration and temperature on biosorption were studied respectively. Research result showed that the absorption effect of U(VI) by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was affected by pH value of solution to a great extent, the absorption reached its balance within 5 min with optimal pH value 6 and max absorption quantity 2.7 mg/g. On the other hand, the absorption quantity of U(VI) by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was positively correlated with the initial concentration of U(VI); and the absorption quantity did not fluctuate remarkably when temperature was varied at the range of 20℃ to 30℃. Research result also showed that the process of U(VI) absorption was congruent with the second order kinetic model, and the correlation coefficient was high reaching to 0.99. It was suggested that the U(VI) biosorption by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was a complicated process consisting of many simultaneous reactions and could be described by Languir model quite well.

BACKGROUNDProbucol is known to reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions, but its impact on vascular remodeling associated with de novo atherosclerosis is incompletely understood. We therefore examined the effect of probucol on vascular remodeling in a rabbit model of established atherosclerosis.

METHODSAortic atherosclerosis was induced by a combination of endothelial injury and 10 weeks' atherogenic diet. Animals were then randomized to receive the foregoing diet without or with 1% (wt/wt) probucol for 16 weeks. At the end of week 26, in vivo intravascular ultrasound, pathological, immunohistochemical and gene expression studies were performed.

RESULTSProbucol significantly decreased vessel cross-sectional area, plaque area and plaque burden without effect on lumen area. More negative remodeling and less positive remodeling occurred in the abdominal aortas of probucol group than the control group (56% vs. 21%, 18% vs. 54%, respectively, both P < 0.01). In addition, the probucol group showed a smaller mean remodeling index relative to the control group (0.93 ± 0.13 vs. 1.05 ± 0.16, P < 0.01). Furthermore, probucol treatment decreased macrophage infiltration, inhibited apoptosis of cells within plaques, and reduced the production of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9, cathepsin K and cathepsin S (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that probucol may attenuate the enlargement of atherosclerotic vessel walls and be associated with a negative remodeling pattern without affecting the lumen size. This effect may involve inhibition of extracellular matrix degradation and prevention of apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques.

Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; pharmacology ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lipids ; blood ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Probucol ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antidepressant components of Polygala tenuifolia.

METHODThe chromatographic method was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents, their structures were identified by spectral analysis, MTT method was applied to investigate their cytotoxic activities.

RESULTNine compounds were isolated from the roots of P. tenuifolia. Their structures were identified as sibiricose A, (1), sibiricose A5 (2), tenuifoliside A (3) and 3', 6-disinapoyl sucrose (4), sibiricose A6 (5), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamate (6), polygalaxanthone III (7), tenuifolioses A (8), tenuifolioses H (9) and some compounds' activities to PC12 were observed.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2,3 could protect PC12 cells damage induced by P. tenuifolia.

Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Esters ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Mice ; PC12 Cells ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Polygala ; chemistry ; Rats ; Sucrose ; chemistry

Twenty seven new diarylbenzimidazole derivatives (A1-A21, B1-B6) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in MT-2 cell line as potential HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) agents with a new skeleton based on molecular modeling technique and hit 1,2-diarylbenzimidazole A1 (EC50 69.9 miromol x L(-1)). Hence, 1,2-diarylbenzimidazoles A6 and B3, and 1,6-diarylbenzimidazole B6 showed obvious potency against HIV-1 replication in MT-2 cell line with EC50 values of 15.33, 9.81 and 1.37 micromol x L(-1) respectively. All target compounds were synthesized commonly from substituted 2-nitroanilines by 1-3 steps under mild reaction conditions. Current studies provided preliminary SAR, thus indicating that 1,6-diaryl substitution on the benzimidazole ring would be a right direction for further modification. Furthermore, the docking studies demonstrated that B6 could fit well into the HIV-1 NNRTI binding pocket with a similar binding orientation and conformation to that of TMC278, a promising NNRTI candidate inclinical trial III, Therefore, active compound B6 could serve as a new starting point to develop a series of 1,6-diarylbenzimidazole derivatives as HIV-1 NNRTI agents with a novel skeleton.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzimidazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Drug Design ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the two-tier MDACC grading system for ovarian serous carcinoma by comparing with the WHO grading system, and to investigate the role of p53 immunostaining in ovarian serous carcinoma grading.

METHODS72 cases ovarian serous carcinoma of ovary were graded basing on the MDACC and WHO grading systems, respectively. Statistic analyses were made for the relationship between the data obtained from two grading systems and their clinical significance. All the cases were examined immunohistochemically by using antibody against p53 protein and the immunohistochemistry findings were analyzed with the two grading systems and clinical parameters.

RESULTSThere was a good correlation between the MDACC and WHO grading system (r=0.543, P=0.000). Neither system has a definite relationship with the disease-free survival time (P=0.170 vs. P=0.075), cytoreduction (P=0.478 vs. P=0.120), and the curative effect of platinum-based chemotherapy (P=0.418 vs. P=0.403). However, compared with the WHO grading system, MDACC grading system has a better correlation with tumor stage (P=0.041 vs. P=0.002), 3-year disease-free survival rate (P=0.077 vs. P=0.004), overall survival time (P=0.080 vs. P=0.046), and p53 immunohistochemistry results (P=0.334 vs. P=0.035). No significant difference was found between p53 immunohistochemistry results with other clinical characteristics and prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the WHO system, the MDACC system showed a better prognostic value and was more likely correlated with the novel dualistic model for ovarian serous carcinogenesis. Although p53 immunostaining was valuable in assisting MDACC grading, it should be cautious to use it alone as an independent indicator in predicting the prognosis of ovarian serous carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; CA-125 Antigen ; metabolism ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Platinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular and epidemic characteristics of rifampin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Sichuan.

METHODSGenoType reg; MTBDRplus Assay GTplus was used to examine 68 clinical isolates of MTB and 105 clinical specimens for mutations in rpoB, katG and inhA genes related to RFP and INH resistance.

RESULTSOf the 151 valid tests obtained, 44 (29.14%) and 26 (17.22%) showed drug resistance and multidrug resistance, respectively. Resistance to RFP and INH was found in 21.85% (33/151) and 24.50% (37/151) of the samples, respectively. The most prevalent mutations were rpoB S531L, katG S315T1 and inhA C-15T. The multidrug resistance rate in the sputum specimens was significantly higher than that in the non-respiratory samples (19.35% vs 7.41%).

CONCLUSIONDrug-resistant, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is highly prevalent in Sichuan. The multidrug-resistant bacteria most frequently show rpoB S531L combined with katG S315T1 mutations, suggesting the necessity of developing rapid clinical identification methods for drug-resistant MTB to control the spread of the resistant strains.

DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; pharmacology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Rifampin ; pharmacology ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; diagnosis ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in fecal flora and its correlation with the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

METHODSWe collected fresh fecal specimens from 167 IBD patients (including 113 with ulcerative colitis and 54 with Crohn's disease) and 54 healthy volunteers. The fecal flora was analyzed by gradient dilution method and the data of inflammatory markers including WBC, PLT, CRP and ESR were collected to assess the association between the fecal flora and the inflammatory markers.

RESULTSThe species Enterrococcus (6.60∓0.23, P<0.01), Saccharomyces (2.22∓0.27, P<0.05), Bacteriodes (5.57∓0.28, P<0.001), Bifidobacterium (5.08∓0.30, P<0.01), Peptococcus (6.22∓0.25, P<0.001), Lactobacillus (6.00∓0.26, P<0.001), and Clostridium (3.57∓0.30, P<0.05) all increased significantly, while Eubacterium (1.56∓0.24, P<0.01) reduced markedly in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with those in the control subjects. Enterrococcus (6.93∓0.28, P<0.01), Saccharomyces (2.73∓0.37, P<0.01), Bacteriodes (4.32∓0.52, P<0.05), Bifidobacterium (4.88∓0.42, P<0.05), Peptococcus (6.19∓0.32, P<0.01) and Lactobacillus (4.73∓0.47, P<0.001) all increased significantly and Eubacterium (1.01∓0.29, P<0.01) and Clostridium (0.87∓0.31, P<0.01) decreased in patients with Crohn's disease. The positivity rates of bacterial culture were consistent with the results of quantitative analysis of the fecal flora. The changes in fecal flora did not show a significant correlation with these inflammatory markers.

CONCLUSIONIBD patients have fecal flora imbalance compared with the healthy controls, and this imbalance may contribute to the occurrence and progression of IBD. The decline of Eubacterium contributes to the occurrence and development of IBD.

Adult ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Bacteroides ; isolation & purification ; Bifidobacterium ; isolation & purification ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Clostridium ; isolation & purification ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; microbiology ; Crohn Disease ; microbiology ; Enterococcus ; isolation & purification ; Eubacterium ; isolation & purification ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; etiology ; microbiology ; Lactobacillus ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Peptococcus ; isolation & purification ; Saccharomyces ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene defect in a hereditary coagulation factor V (FV) deficiency family.

METHODSThe plasma FV actigen was measured by one-stage clotting assay. The FV antigen was assayed by Biotin-Avidin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA). The full length of exon 1 to exon 25 and the 5' untranslated sequence of FV genomic DNA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of the amplified fragments, meanwhile the defect was identified by T/A cloning sequencing.

RESULTSThe plasma coagulant activity and amount of FV of the proband were marked deficient (1% and 1.54%, respectively). DNA sequence analysis for the proband revealed a causative mutation in a heterozygous status. It was one base pair deletion in exon 4 at nucleotide 675 inherited from her mother.

CONCLUSIONSA novel mutation in the FV gene was identified in the proband with congenital FV deficiency. The mutation was 675delA in exon 4 resulting in a frameshift and a premature termination codon.

Adolescent ; Blood Coagulation ; Factor V ; analysis ; genetics ; Factor V Deficiency ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation

OBJECTIVETo explore novel methods of possible donor organ supply and immunologic tolerance induction of organ transplantation.

METHODSWhole metanephroi from d14-19 (E14-E19) embryos of pregnant rats were grouped and allografted into the omenta or near remnants of renal vessels of nonimmunosupressed adult rats. At the time of implantation, host rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy. Four weeks after implantation, allografted metanephroi in host rats were removed for gross, biochemical and histopathological examination.

RESULTFour weeks post-implantation, (1) E19 and E18 metanephroi had enlarged,but were replaced by connective tissues. (2) E17 and E16 metanephroi showed the signs of acute rejection such as hypercellular glomeruli and lymphocyte infiltration in peritubular spaces. E16 grafted metanephroi underwent mild acute rejection of Banff schema, while E17 had moderate or severe acute rejection. When Cyclosporine A was administrated, E17 metanephroi formed mature nephrons and collecting ducts with few lymphocyte infiltration. (3) Metanephroi from E15 and E14 embryos allografted into the omentum or near remnants of renal vessels of uninephrectomized adult rats were enlarged and vascularized, and formed mature tubules and glomeruli. (4) The concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine in cyst fluid of E15 and E16 metanephroi were increased 40-fold and 50-fold, which were comparable to those in bladder urine. (5) In contrast, rat metanephroi did not grow or differentiate in rats without host kidney resection.

CONCLUSIONE14 and E15 metanephroi allografted into nonimmunosuppressed adult rats or E17 into cyclosporine-treated hosts undergo growth and differentiation and become vascularized. A variety of factors affect the growth and development of allografted metanephroi, while rejection is the main one.

Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Fetal Tissue Transplantation ; Graft Survival ; Kidney ; embryology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Omentum ; surgery ; Organogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley