Traditionally, spinal cord injuries are conceived unrepairable because the injured neurons can not regenerate. However, recent studies proved that axons of the central nerves system could regenerate under some specified conditions. Inspiring results had been obtained in several milestone researches at organ, cell and molecule levels. Currently a consensus has been reached in the neurology circle that spinal cord injuries are repairable, but the past studies had shortcomings such as defective experiment designing and unsatisfactory repeatability. This article reviews the advance in the repair methods of spinal cord injury, providing reference for future studies.

[Objective]To explore LIU Wansu's methods in treating fire and heat disease from depression of yang qi.[Methods]To analyse LIU Wansu's understanding of fire and heat disease and highlight its treatment from depression of yang qi through reading his works like Exploration to Pathogenesis in Plain Questions,Yellow Emperor's Plain Questions on Xuanminglun Formulae and so on.[Results]LIU Wansu had profound medical knowledge,rich clinical experience and initiative spirit.Under the guidance of nineteen items of pathogenesis from Huangdi's Canon of Medicine,he expanded fire and heat disease and put up six exogenous pathogenic factors can transfer to fire theory.To be specific,excessive wind,cold,dampness and dryness would block Xuan Fu and depress yang qi,causing fire and heat disease.He regardeddepression of yang qi as a key link in six exogenous pathogenic factors' transferring to fire and put up cooling combined with ventilating method to dissipate depressed yang qi,including relieving exterior syndrome with pungent-cool drugs,clearing depressed heat,relieving exterior and interior syndrome,eliminating dampness and relieving depression as well as combination of cold and warm drugs.[Conclusion]LIU Wansu treated fire and heat disease from depression of yang qi,providing new methods in treating fire and heat disease for later generations as well as guiding significance in current clinical work.

Objective With the emerging omnipresence of arthroscopy, the plica syndrome has achieved a clinical recogni-tion as a pathological entity .This study is to investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the medial plica syndrome of the knee . Methods We retrospectively analyzed 198 cases of medial plica syndrome, internal semilunar cartilage and chondromalacia patellae in the knee joints treated in our department from January 2008 to December 2011 .All the patients received physical and MRI examina-tions before admission and underwent plicaectomy, their knee function evaluated according to their Lysholm scores pre-and post-opera-tively. Results The diseased plica synovialis was completely excised in 46 cases diagnosed as simple medial plica syndrome by ar-throscopy.Forty-four of the patients were followed up for 6 to 32 (mean 26) months, and the excellence rate of treatment result was 95.5%. Conclusion Medial plica syndrome of the knee constitutes a larger proportion of knee disorders, for which arthroscopy re-mains the best diagnostic option and total excision of the diseased plica synovialis is an effective treatment .

BACKGROUND:Hidden blood loss, a frequent occurrence fol owing artificial joint replacement, greatly affects the recovery from total hip arthroplasty. Many factors have been shown to have a correlation with the hidden blood loss, but the specific mechanism is not yet clear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation of patients’ baseline (sex, age, underlying disease, obesity), prosthesis types, surgical time with hidden blood loss fol owing total hip arthroplasty, as wel as the association between hidden blood loss and prognosis.
METHODS:Ninety patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were enrol ed in this study. Using Gross formula, we calculated the total blood loss according to height, weight, and pre-and post-operative hematocrit, and subtracted the dominant loss of blood to get the quantitative value of hidden blood loss. According to the criterion, the 90 patients were divided to two groups:group I:volume of hidden blood loss>480 mL, group II:volume of hidden blood loss<480 mL. Then we analyze the difference in the gender, age, underlying disease, type of prosthesis, surgical time between the two groups, and whether there was a correlation between these factors and hidden blood loss. Al the patients were fol owed for 1 year. Perioperative complications and survival curves were observed and monitored in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 39 patients in the group I, including 64.1%males, 64.1%hypertension patients, 35.9%diabetic patients, 7.7%patients receiving cement prosthesis;while, there were 51 patients in the group II, including 37.3%males, 25.5%hypertension patients, 5.9%diabetic patients, 35.3%patients receiving cemented prosthesis, showing a significant difference between the two groups. Based on these experimental findings, age, hypertension, diabetes mel itus, type of prosthesis were shown to be factors independently associated with hidden blood loss;however, obesity and smoking exhibited no correlation with hidden blood loss. In addition, a statistical difference in the survival rate was found at admission and during the 1-year fol ow-up.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and efficacy of surgical treatment of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism. Methods From December 2002 to April 2013, 41 patients w ith moyamoya syndrome based on the disease of hyperthyroidism admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA w ere analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data w ere colected, including sex, age of onset, initial symptoms, progress symptoms, imaging features, Suzuki staging, and surgical efficacy, and they w ere compared w ith the clinical data of the patients w ith moyamoya disease treated at the same time. Results The ratio of male to female w as about 1∶4 in moyamoya syndrome patients w ith hyperthyroidism. The peak age of onset w as 25 to 34 years old. Compared w ith the patients w ith moyamoya disease at the same period, the proportion of patients w ith cerebral infarction as initial symptom w as higher in the moyamoya syndrome group ( 39.0% vs.24.2%; χ2 = 4.796, P =0.029), more patients had symptomatic progression (46.3% vs.25.4%; χ2 =9.207, P =0.002), and the proportion of of patients w ith cerebral hemorrhage as initial symptom w as low er ( 2.4% vs.14.6%; χ2 = 4.829, P =0.028). Thirty-seven patients w ho received encephalo -duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) w ere folow ed up for 43 ± 19 months. The results show ed that the clinical symptoms of 31 patients had different degrees of improvement. Conclusions Moyamoya syndrome of hyperthyroidism is more common in w omen. The risk of cerebral infarction is higher and more prone to have disease progression. The efficacy of EDAS is better for controling the progression of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism.

Increasing attention has been focused on the antitumor activity of artemisinin derivatives in recent years, for artemisinin had been reported to have cytotoxic effects against HL-60, P388 and MCF-7 tumor cells. We report here the synthesis and evaluation for antitumor activity of a series of artemisinin-ether derivatives bearing tetrahydropyrrole, morpholine, piperidine, substituted piperidines and azoles with various linkers. Sixteen 10-O-substituted dihydroartemisinin derivatives were designed and synthesized, all of which have never been reported in literatures and whose antiproliferative effects on human breast cancer MCF-7, MCF-7/Adr and HL-60 cells were determined by MTT assay or direct cell counting. Each of these artemisinin derivatives possessed better effects than dihydroartemisinin evidently against HL-60 and MCF-7 cells growth, while less potent than doxorubicin. All target compounds exhibited significantly improved potency compared to DHA and doxorubicin on the doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Adr cells, so did they in their sensitive counterparts MCF-7 cells. Among them, compounds GF02, GH04 and ZH04 showed strong activity against these three cell lines growth. Further research is undergoing.

BACKGROUND:Bone formation is a dynamic process, and osteoclasts and osteoblasts are involved in this dynamic process. Semaphorins were found first as axonal growth cone guidance molecules, which express in many different tissues and regulate many physiological processes. Recently, Semaphorins are confirmed to play an important role in the regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the role of Semaphorins in bone homeostasis. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed for articles related to the effect of Semaphorins in regulation of bone metabolism published from June 1993 to January 2014 using the keywords of “semaphorin, sema”. Irrelevant articles or duplicate content articles were excluded, and finaly 48 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Semaphorins act as a new class of regulatory molecules in the aspect of bone cytobiology. Studies have show semaphorins are actively involved in bone remodeling through some special mechanisms, and semaphorin proteins are crucial for bone homeostasis, which provides a new method and therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis, bone sclerosis, osteolysis adjacent to joint prosthesis and other bone diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the advantages of Chinese medicine (CM) in treating insulin resistance and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and to explore its underlying mechanisms.

METHODSOne hundred PCOS patients were assigned to three groups: 40 patients in the CM group treated by CM, 30 in the WM1 group treated by metformin, and 30 in the WM2 group treated by cyproterone. Before treatment and at 3 cycles and 6 cycles after treatment, changes of body mass index (BMI), fasting serum insulin (FINS) and fasting blood sugar (FBG) levels as well as lipid spectrum were measured and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Meanwhile, the recovery of ovulation was observed.

RESULTSThere were 30, 22 and 23 patients in the CM, WM1 and WM2 group respectively completed their 6-month treatments. Levels of FINS, FBG, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were lowered and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level increased in the CM group after 6-month treatment, showing significant difference as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), and the difference in comparing with the WM2 group was statistically significant in terms of MBI, FINS, FBG, HOMA-IR, TC and LDL-C (P < 0.05). The ovulation rate was 53.3% (16/30) in the CM group, 27.3% (6/22) in the WM1 group and 21.7% (5/23) in the WM2 group, comparison between them showed a significant difference between the CM group and the WM2 group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCM is effective for the treatment of PCOS in improving insulin resistance, adjusting blood sugar and lipids levels and recovering ovulation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cyproterone ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Metabolic Diseases ; blood ; Metformin ; therapeutic use ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To compare the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)and bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP)on the cardiac structure and function of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods 100 patients with OSAHS were selected as the research subjects.The patients were randomly divided into two groups by digital table method,CPAP group had 50 cases,adopted the CPAP ventilation mode,BiPAP group had 50 cases,adopted the BiPAP ventilation mode.The heart rate,blood pressure, blood brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),nitric oxide(NO),endothelin -1 protease,matrix metalloprotein 9(MMP -9), C -reactive protein (CRP) and polysomnography (PSG) related indicators,cardiac structure and function and endothelial function changes before and after treatment were observed in the two groups,compared the clinical effect of the two modes.Results Before treatment,in both groups,there were no statistical differences in blood pressure,heart rate,BNP,NO,endothelin -1,MMP -9,CRP,PSG related indicators,cardiac structure and function,endothelial function.After six months of noninvasive ventilator treatment,results of the heart rate,systolic pressure,diastolic blood pressure,blood oxygen saturation,oxygen partial pressure,the BNP,endothelin -1,NO,MMP -9,CRP,body mass index,the Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS),Apnea hypoventilation index(AHI),oxygen and lowest at night,aortic di-ameter(AO),left ventricular inner diameter (LA),right ventricular(RV)inside diameter,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP)of the CPAP group were (79.83 ±11.47)times/min, (114.06 ±11.45)mmHg,(72.44 ±7.38)mmHg,(97.6 ±1.45)%,(93.17 ±1.86)mmHg,(110.78 ±38.32)ng/L, (17.58 ±2.07)ng/L,(8.55 ±0.55)μmol/L,(372.73 ±189.00)μg/L,(3.34 ±2.29)mg/L,(23.87 ±1.59), (0.98 ±0.70),(0.65 ±0.30),(94.04 ±1.62)%,(31.52 ±2.17 )mm,(31.19 ±1.09 )mm,(20.86 ± 1.69)mm,(61.13 ±5.02)%,(20.74 ±5.49)mmHg.which of the BiPAP group were (80.96 ±8.56)times/min, (114.58 ±9.34)mmHg,(71.67 ±8.57)mmHg,(96.96 ±1.43)%,(94.52 ±1.66)mmHg,(87.63 ±28.33)ng/L, (17.76 ±2.20)ng/L,(8.54 ±0.52)μmol/L,(359.63 ±268.95)μg/L,(4.96 ±2.00)mg/L,(24.15 ±1.65), (0.85 ±0.75 ),(0.58 ±0.19 ),(94.50 ±1.18)%,(31.73 ±1.57 )mm,(31.97 ±1.12)mm,(21.58 ± 2.43)mm,(62.24 ±5.79)%,(21.45 ±3.76)mmHg.In the oxygen partial pressure,the BNP,MMP -9,CRP,ESS score,AHI,LA,LVEF and other indicators,BiPAP mode were better than CPAP mode(t =2.13,4.32,2.13,4.32, 1.39,4.93,2.58,4.36,all P <0.05 ).Conclusion BiPAP mode and CPAP mode can improve cardiovascular function in patients with OSAHS,improve the symptoms of low ventilation,reduce obesity,but in terms of reducing cardiac load,improve blood vessel function,BiPAP mode is better than CPAP.

Increasing attention has been focused on the antitumor activity of artemisinin derivatives in recent years, for artemisinin had been reported to have cytotoxic effects against HL-60, P388 and MCF-7 tumor cells. We report here the synthesis and evaluation for antitumor activity of a series of artemisinin-ether derivatives bearing tetrahydropyrrole, morpholine, piperidine, substituted piperidines and azoles with various linkers. Sixteen 10-O-substituted dihydroartemisinin derivatives were designed and synthesized, all of which have never been reported in literatures and whose antiproliferative effects on human breast cancer MCF-7, MCF-7/Adr and HL-60 cells were determined by MTT assay or direct cell counting. Each of these artemisinin derivatives possessed better effects than dihydroartemisinin evidently against HL-60 and MCF-7 cells growth, while less potent than doxorubicin. All target compounds exhibited significantly improved potency compared to DHA and doxorubicin on the doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Adr cells, so did they in their sensitive counterparts MCF-7 cells. Among them, compounds GF02, GH04 and ZH04 showed strong activity against these three cell lines growth. Further research is undergoing.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Artemisinins ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Design ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; drug effects