Medicinal materials research and development of new drug of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research is the premise and foundation of new drug research and development, it throughout the whole process of new drug research. Medicinal materials research is one of the main content of the pharmaceutical research of new drug of TCM, and it is also the focus of the new medicine pharmaceutical evaluation content. This article through the analysis of the present problems existing in the development of TCM research of new drug of TCM, from medicine research concept, quality stability, quality standard, etc are expounded, including medicine research idea value medicine study should focus on the important role and from the purpose for the top-level design of new drug research problem. Medicinal materials quality stability should pay attention to the original, medicinal part, origin, processing, storage, planting (breeding), and other aspects. Aspect of quality standard of medicinal materials should pay attention to establish the quality standards of conform to the characteristics of new drug of TCM. As the instruction of TCM new drug research and development and the scientific nature of the review, and provide the basis for medicinal material standards.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; standards ; China ; Drug Stability ; Drug Storage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To characterize and quantify the CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T (Treg) cell population in peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to determine the influence of treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a inhibitors on them.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 25 patients with active AS,in which 10 patients were treated with 12 weeks of etanercept,and 21 healthy subjects.CD4+CD25high T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry,and mRNA expression of FOXP3 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Proliferation of T cells to PHA was measured by WST-1 assay using depleted CD25+ cells by immunomagnetic sorting.Results There was no significant difference in the percentage of CD4+CD25high cells in peripheral blood between patients with active AS and controls (P＞0.05).However,PBMC from patients with active AS expressed reduced levels of FOXP3 mRNA (P＜0.01) which were inversely correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP)(P＜0.01).CD4+CD25+ cells in peripheral blood of both active AS patients and controls exhibited suppressive capacity on the proliferation of effector T cells in vitro (both P＜0.01).Treatment with etanereept increased significantly CD4+CD25high cells and FOXP3 mRNA expression (both P＜0.01),with negative correlations between these increases and decrease in CRP levels (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion In AS patients,peripheral FOXP3-expressing CD4 +CD25 + Treg cells are abnormal,and are up-regulated by etanercept treatment.This suggests a possible pathogenesis of AS and a potential mechanism for clinical efficacy of TNF-α inhibitors.

Objective To explore major risk factors for postoperative biliary tract infection associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), and to evaluate endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) for intervening the infection.Methods A total of 512 patients who underwent ERC at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2010 to June 2016 were enrolled and divided into group A and B randomly.Group A underwent ENBD after ERC while group B without.The incidence rates of biliary tract infection in different causes and lesions were compared between the two groups.Results Among the 512 patients, there were 276 cases in group A and 236 cases in group B.The overall postoperative biliary infection rate was 4.30%(22/512).Patients in group A showed a smaller chance of developing postoperative biliary tract infection than that in group B [1.09%(3/276) VS 8.05%(19/236), χ2=15.00, P=0.000].Malignant biliary obstruction was the most common cause (13.46%, 14/104) and the most common site was hepatic portal (13.43%, 9/67).Conclusion ENBD can ensure smooth drainage of bile duct therefore effectively prevent biliary tract infection after ERC, especially for patients with malignant biliary obstruction and hepatic portal lesion.

Objective To discuss combined detection of pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy and pulmonary serum tumor markers in diagnosis of pleural effusion with unknown reason.Methods 76 patients with pleural effusion caused by unknown reason from January 2014 to March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Pleural biopsy was conducted under medical thoracoscopy and sent for pathological examination, and 10 ml venous blood was collected from these patients upon admission for testing serum tumor markers (CEA, SCC-AG, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1).Results Among the 76 patients, there were 32 cases with benign lesions (14 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 9 with inlfammatory lesions, 6 with granulomatous inlfammation, 2 with empyema and 1 with hamartoma) and 44 cases with malignant lesions (18 with adenocarcinoma, 13 with squamous carcinoma, 6 with small cell lung cancer, 3 with adeno-squamous carcinoma, 2 with mesothelioma, 1 with large cell carcinoma and 1 with thymoma). The detection of serum tumor markers showed statistically significant differences in the levels of CEA, SCC-AG, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1 in serum between the malignant pleural effusion group and benign pleural effusion group (P = 0.021,P = 0.006,P = 0.003 andP = 0.010). The levels of various serum tumor markers in the malignant pleural effusion group were obviously higher than those in the benign pleural effusion group. According to the pathological results, patients with pleural effusions not caused by lung cancer (2 with mesothelioma and 1 with thymoma) were eliminated from 44 patients with malignant pleural effusions. The rest 41 patients with pleural effusions caused by lung cancer were divided into non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer according to the pathological types. The results showed that there were statistically signiifcant differences in the levels of CEA, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1 between non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer (P = 0.036,P = 0.005 andP = 0.008), while there was no statistically signiifcant difference in the level of SCC-AG (P = 0.811).Conclusions Due to high detection rate and high accuracy in detecting pleural effusions caused by unknown reason, medical thoracoscopy is of great signiifcance, especially for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions of pleural metastases. However, serum indicators may provide important reference values for us before the pathological results are available. Thus, it is an important means of diagnosing malignant pleural effusions caused by lung cancer and should be promoted in clinic.

Objective To establish the model for periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) by intracerebral injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) and explore realistic model for concerned studies and investigate the diagnostic method with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. MethodsSprague-Dawley rat pups of both sexes at the age of postnatal day 5 (P5) were randomized and divided into two groups: NPA group and PBS group , and they were injected the same volume of 3-NPA and PBS with a tip located at the corpus callosum above the left ventricle by stereotaxis instrument, respectively. One day (P6), two days (P7), three days (P8) and nine days (P14) after injection, the injections were transcardially perfused and brains were collected. Then sections of brains were undertaken HE staining; growth and the time of opening eyes of the rats in the two different groups were observed and compared. Neurobehaviorai activity and memory tests were performed on postnatal day 29 (P29) and day 30 (P30). MRI examination was performed on postnatal day 30 (P30). ResultsMore weight increase and slower opening eye time were found in the NPA group compared with PBS group (P < 0.05). In the NPA group, sub-cortical and periventricular white matter rarefaction were observed by HE staining on P6, P7 and P8, significant lateral ventricle enlargement was found on P14, while the same changes were not found in the PBS group, and no histological changes in gray matter were noted in both groups. The outcomes of neurobehavioral tests of NPA group were much more abnormal compared with the PBS group (P < 0.05). MRI examination disclosed the signal changes of brain tissue is worse in the NPA group than that of the PBS group in muscle strength of limbs, autocinesis, capability and white matter. ConclusionsThe model for PVL induced by intracerebral injection of 3-NPA is characterized by damage to the periventricular white matter. The model can stimulate the pathologic change factually in vivo. The neurobehavioral movement is consistent with.clinical symptom. It can be used as a model to investigate some related disease. MRI examination is a feasible diagnostic method to show anatomic changes of white matter injury of the brain.

Objective To explore the occurrence of enteral feeding intolerance and its influencing factors in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods A retrospective analysis of severe acute pancreatitis patients undergoing enteral nutrition therapy admitted to a tertiary hospital from October 2012 to October 2015 was performed. The occurrence of enteral feeding intolerance was analyzed,and its influencing factors were evaluated by single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results There were 54 patients suffered from enteral feeding intolerance among 92 patients. The results of single factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis showed that higher APACHE II score,intra-abdominal pressure and central venous pressure were independent risk factors of feeding intolerance,while adding dietary fiber was a protective factor. Conclusion Severe acute pancreatitis patients with higher APACHE II score,intra-abdominal pressure and central venous pressure can aggravate the risk of feeding intolerance,while adding dietary fiber is beneficial for reducing the incidence.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the levels of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) in human follicular fluid (FF) and its association with response to ovarian stimulation.

METHODSWestern blotting was performed to determine the levels of BMP-15 in FF obtained from follicle aspirates in 70 patients undergoing IVF treatment. According to the response to ovarian stimulation the patients were divided into poor responder group and normal responder group.

RESULTBMP-15 levels in FF of poor responders were significantly higher than those in normal responders (1.01 +/- 0.34 vs 0.77 +/- 0.24, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIncreased levels of BMP-15 in FF may be associated with poor response to ovarian stimulation.

Adult ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; administration & dosage ; Follicular Fluid ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Ovary ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ovulation Induction

Phytoestrogens, which can bind with estrogen receptor and produce estrogen-like effects, are a kind of nonsteroidal compound in plant. Phytoestrogens chemically include isoflavones, coumarins, lignans and other compounds. Phytoestrogens are selective estrogen receptor modulator, and have therapeutical effects on breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and other disease, however, do not produce stimulatory hyperplasia effects on uterus, mammary glands and other tissues and organs with positive estrogen receptor. Long-term exposure or excessive use of phytoestrogens maybe affects male reproductive system and hematopoietic function of fetus. Some questions need to be further studied, such as evaluation criteria on biological activity, adverse effects, and action mechanism of phytoestrogen. This review covers plant sources, chemical structure, pharmacological activity and safety of phytoestrogens. It will provide a useful reference for intensive research and rational utilization the phytoestrogens.
Animals ; Humans ; Phytoestrogens ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the Golgi proteome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with that of the adjacent non-tumor tissues.

METHODSHepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from HCC patients. The protein expression maps in Golgi were obtained by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and the differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed by PD-Quest software. Peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of differential protein spots was obtained with MALD-TOT-MS.

RESULTSAccording to 2-DE maps, the average numbers of protein spots were (1153+/-49) and (1086+/-37) in hepatocellular carcinoma and the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues, 27 proteins were upregulated, and 20 proteins were downregulated in HCC Golgi.

CONCLUSIONSThe Golgi proteome in HCC tissues is different from that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues, and the differential expression proteins are involved in energy metabolism, tumor metastasis, and cell cycle regulation.

Annexin A5 ; analysis ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; methods ; Golgi Apparatus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Proteome ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Puerariae Lobatae Radix, also known as Gegen, is a root derived from Pueraria lobata. Based on field investigation and the developmental anatomy of root tuber, we have elucidated the relationship between the growth of root tuber and the anomalous structure. The results of analysis showed that the root system of P. lobata was developed from seed and adventitious root and there existed root tuber, adventitious root and conductive root according to morphology and function. The root tuber was developed from adventitious root, its secondary structure conformed to the secondary structure of dicotyledon's root. With the development of root, the secondary phloem of root tuber appeared abnormal vascular tissue, which was distributed like ring in the outside of secondary vascular tissue. The root tuber might have 4-6 concentric circular permutation abnormal vascular tissuelobate, and was formed by the internal development of abnormal vascular tissue. The xylem and phloem of abnormal vascular tissue were the main body of the root tuber. The results reveal the abnormal anatomical structure development of P. lobata, also provides the theoretical basis for reasonable harvest medicinal parts and promoting sustainable utilization of resources of P. lobata.
Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Pueraria ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development