In recent years, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have gradually increased in China. This review sum-marized the differences in pathogenic factors, clinical manifestations, pathological features, gene expression, therapeutic modalities, and other aspects between left-and right-sided colon cancers. Results showed that the onset of both left-and right-sided colon cancers is associated with gender and age. Significant differences existed among the clinical manifestations and pathological features. Differenc-es in gene expression, allelic deletion, and DNA mismatch repair affected the occurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of left-and right-sided colon cancers. Moreover, the location of primary tumor is a potential predictor of targeted drug efficacy. Differences in survival rates are possibly related to TNM stage. Hence, new ideas for individualized treatment should be provided by analyzing the differences between left-and right-sided colon cancers.

Objective:To study the correlations between the clinical examinations and latent prostate cancer in old males with abnormal PSA values and provide them with prospective and reasonable programs.Methods:The clinical data of 85 old male adults with abnormal PSA values were collected from three to five years.The clinical examinations about prostate cancer patients were evaluated by Cox multivariate survival analysis.Results:During the follow-up period,clinical prostate cancer was detected in 12 of the 85 patients and the overall proportion was 14.1%(12/85).Multivariate analysis revealed that amplification of PSA,MR examination,PSA density,ultrasound,age,digital rectal examination had different relative risk values,which were 4.661(P=0.022),4.060(P=0.022),3.607(P=0.219),1.019(P=0.982),1.001(P=0.987) and 0.566(P=0.487),respectively.The amplification of PSA and MR examination showed statistical significance(P

[Objective] To answer the following questions:① For Oncomelania snails collected two years apart from the same locality,has there been genetic divergence?②How much experimental error has there been in studying subsets of these populations? ③As this is an unstable population,what has the net effect been on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(Hwe)?[Methods] Allozymes were studied using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.Data collected from numbers of experiments were conapiled.Data from each collection were divided into two equal subsets based on chronology of the experiments.Thirty-four loci were studied using 72 to 180 snails per subset.[Results] The mean number of alleles per locus ranged frcra 1.5～1.9.With each consecutive subset,the 96 polymorphic loci dropped from 38.2 to 17.6.The mean heterozygosity was very low:0.033 to 0.049 and not significantly different from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.Ten loci and 11 alleles exclusive to the first group were eliminated from the overall study reducing the number of polymorphic loci from 19 to 10.There were significant departures from Hwe at five loci having a substantial number of individuals for each allele.Nei's and Wright's D were 0.003±0.001 and 0.054±0.006 respectively.[Conclusion] ①There were significant errors seen primarily in the results scored' in the earliest experiments.②These earlier errors involving scoring difficult to resolve loci,and interpretation of rare alleles that were not found in later experiment had no significant effect on overall genetic distance.③The use of Wright's D for closely related populations is explained.Results with Nei's D indicated no significant difference among the four subunits; Wright's D yielded significant difference between the collections made two years apart,attributed to the annual flooding of the Yangtze River mixing snails from different localities.④ Major polymorphic loci were not in Hwe as predicted using the unstable population model.⑤One must study 25 or more individuals to find relatively rate alleles and study population genetics.

Objective To investigate the association between the expression of heparanase(Hpa) and the invasion of choriocarcinoma by studying the expression of Hpa in human choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3 and JAR and human chorionic villous tissues.Methods(1)Matrigcl invasion assays were used to detect in vitro invasive ability of JEG-3 cells and JAR cells.(2)Expression of Hpa protein in the human chorionic villous tissues and choriocarcinoma cell lines(JEG-3 cells and JAR cells)were detected by immunocytochemistry and western blot.Results(1)The invasive cell number was significantly larger in JEG-3 cells than in JAR cells(191?17 vs 106?13,P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI) on the electro-activity of small intestines in rats, and evaluate the interrelations between the FAI regulating effect and choecystokinin (CCK) and somatostatin (SS).

METHODSMigrating myoelectric complex (MMC) cyclic period, the ratio of the active time to the cyclic period, and the number of the fast wave within the active time per minute were observed between FAI and the normal saline group by external alimentary canal electrodes; the CCK contents in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), ventromedia hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) and SS in VMH, LHA, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by using immuno-chemistry technique and micro-image pattern quantitative analysis and scanning system.

RESULTSThe MMC cyclic period shortened, the ratio of the active time to the cyclic period increased and the number of the fast wave within the active time per minute increased in the FAI group, which showed significant difference from the normal saline group; CCK positive neurons were reduced in the areas of DMH, VMH and LHA, SS positive neurons were increased in the areas of VMH, LHA and PVN in the FAI gioup,which showed significant difference compared with the normal saline and the blank control group.

CONCLUSIONFAI can stimulate the electro-reactivity of small intestines. The stimulative effect of FAI might be related to CCK and SS in hypothamus.

Animals ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; Rats ; Somatostatin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEEffects of ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1 and Re on neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway using liposome-mediated transfection of eukaryotic cells approach.

METHODThe injury model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 0.6 mmol x L(-1) of corticosterone (CORT) by 24 h. SH-SY5Y cell were pretreated with CORT for 30 min followed by co-treated with 120,60 and 20 micromol x L(-1) of Rb1, 120, 80 and 40 micromol x L(-1) of Rg1 and 120, 80 and 40 micromol x L(-1) of Re for 24 h. Cells viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay. CREB expressing Luciferase reporter gene was constructed and transfected with plasmid containing hRaf, hcAMP, hAkt, hCaMK gene into human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using liposornal transfection reagent lipofection 2000. The expression of CREB before and after it addion of Rb1, Rg1 and Re was examined by Luc assay system and Western blotting.

RESULTCompared with normal control group, CORT significantly decreased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells to 67.21% (P < 0.01). CCK results show that Rb1 (60 micromol x L(-1)), Rg1 (80 micromol x L(-1)) and Re (80 micromol x L(-1)) on SH-SY5Y cells have significant protective effect (P < 0.01). Lucassay and Western blotting results show that the gene and protein levels of CREB increased significantly through the pathway of Raf and Akt with Rb1 and Rg1 (P < 0.01), Re can increase significantly the gene and protein levels of CREB through the pathway of Raf and CaMK II.

CONCLUSIONRb1, Rg1 and Re protects SH-SY5Y cells from CORT-induced damage and the neuroprotective mechanism may be associated with the Raf-CREB, Akt-CREB and CaMK II -CREB pathways.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Panax ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; raf Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

With the deepening of research in recent years, tumor metabolic reprogramming has gradually become the focus of research, and targeting tumor cell metabolism has also become a new means of tumor therapy. The metabolic process affects almost all the physiological processes of the organism, and lipid metabolism is an important part of the metabolic process. Studies have shown that changes in lipid uptake, storage and fatty acid synthesis and decomposition have occurred in a variety of tumors. Abnormal lipid metabolism will promote the rapid proliferation of tumors. Abnormal expression of a variety of key metabolic enzymes in the process of lipid metabolism is the key to tumor progression. The purpose of this paper is to explain the metabolic regulation of lipid metabolism and related metabolic enzymes in hematological tumors, and to provide ideas for the treatment of hematological tumors.

The contribution of particles to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has been enlightened by epidemiologic and experimental studies. However, adverse biological effects of the particles with different sizes on cardiovascular cells have not been well recognized. In this study, sub-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to increasing concentrations of pure quartz particles (DQ) of three sizes (DQPM1, <1 μm; DQPM3-5, 3-5 μm; DQPM5, 5 μm) and carbon black particles of two sizes (CB0.1, <0.1 μm; CB1, <1 μm) for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was estimated by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell viability. Nitric oxide (NO) generation and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) releases were analyzed by using NO assay and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. It was found that both particles induced adverse biological effects on HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The size of particle directly influenced the biological activity. For quartz, the smaller particles induced stronger cytotoxicity and higher levels of cytokine responses than those particles of big size. For carbon black particles, CB0.1 was more capable of inducing adverse responses on HUVECs than CB1 only at lower particle concentrations, in contrast to those at higher concentrations. Meanwhile, our data also revealed that quartz particles performed stronger cell damage and produced higher levels of TNF-α than carbon black particles, even if particles size was similar. In conclusion, particle size as well as particle composition should be both considered in assessing vascular endothelial cells injury and inflammation responses induced by particles.