Objective To investigate the correlation between hepatitis B virus (HBV)drug -resistance gene mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The clinical data of treatment -experienced patients,who underwent examination for HBV drug -resistance gene mutations in Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 1 to December 31,2013,and still had detectable HBV DNA after being treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues,were collected.All the patients were followed up,and the development of HCC was considered as the clinical out-come.The correlation between drug -resistance gene mutations and the development of HCC in patients with HBV infection was analyzed. The chi -square test was used for comparison of categorical between groups,the t -test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the log -rank test was used for comparison of the incidence of HCC between two groups.Results A total of 227 patients were enrolled in this study.According to the results of the detection of HBV drug -resistance gene mutations,103 patients (103 /227, 45.37%)had no drug -resistance gene mutations and 124 (124 /227,54.63%)had drug -resistance gene mutations.There were no sig-nificant differences between the mutation group and the non -mutation group in HBV DNA load (5.19 ±1.60 log10 IU /ml vs 5.44 ±1.75 log10 IU /ml,t =-1.134,P =0.258)and the percentage of patients with liver cirrhosis (24.19% (30 /124)vs 16.50% (17 /103),χ2 =2.026,P =0.155).The median follow -up was 28 months (range 4 -58 months),and the incidence of HCC was 7.49% (17 /227).A-mong the patients with HBV drug -resistance gene mutations,12 (12 /124,9.68%)developed HCC,and among those without HBV drug-resistance gene mutations,5 (5 /103,4.85%)developed HCC.Among the patients who developed HCC,70.59% (12 /17)had HBV drug -resistance gene mutations at baseline;among the patients who did not develop HCC,53.33% (112 /210)had HBV drug -resistance gene mutations at baseline.Conclusion The patients with poor control of HBV DNA during antiviral therapy have a comparable incidence of HCC to those not treated with antiviral therapy,with a relatively high risk of developing HCC;the treated patients with HBV drug -resist-ance gene mutations may have a higher risk of HCC than those without such mutations,which needs to be confirmed by the studies with a longer follow -up period and a larger sample size.

Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Transfection

Phthalate esters belong to the group of environmental hormones,which are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and they can damage the human health through breathing to get into the body.The recent researches on the analysis of phthalate esters in the air such as sampling,pretreatment and determination were reviewed and some related issues were discussed in the paper.It would be reference for the further study of phthalate esters.

Asthma is a common disease with recurrent onset which severely affects patients' quality of life.Acupuncture can improve pulmonary functions in asthma patients and thus treat this disorder.To summarize the status of acupuncture treatment for asthma,we have collected clinical literatures published in the recent 10 years and analyzed the influence of acupuncture on pulmonary functions in asthma patients from the aspects of frequently used points,needling techniques,manipulation and mechanisms to provide references for treating asthma with acupuncture.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane flap and vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole with different sizes.Methods A total of 127 consective patients (127 eyes)were divided into two groups according to the size of the hole diameter of the smallest split points by less than or equal to 500 μm (small diameter macular hole group) and more than 500 μm (huge diameter macular hole group).According to different surgical methods the patients were divided into non ILM flap coverage group (peeling 1 group and peeling 2 group) and ILM flap cover group (covering 1 group and covering 2 group).All the patients underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling or vitrectomy combined with limiting membrane flap.Preoperative and postoperative best correct visual acuity,closure ratio of macular hole and postoperative major complications were observed and followed up.Results The postoperative best correct visual acuity improved in all the groups,there was no significance difference between small diameter macular hole group and huge diameter macuiar hole group (t =0.112 2,0.750 8;all P ＞0.05).The closure ratio of peeling 1 group and covering 2 group at postoperative 6 months were all 100％,there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05),which in peeling 2 group and covering 2 group were 84.85％ and 100.00％,there was statistical difference (x2 =13.292,P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in preoperative defect diameter of the inner and outer junction between peeling 2 group and covering 2 groups (P ＞0.05),there was also no statistical difference between peeling 2 group and covering 2 groups at postoperative 1 months (P ＞ 0.05),but there were statistical differences at postoperative 3 months,6 months and 12 months (all P ＜ 0.05),the covering 2 group were less than the peeling 2 group.Conclusion ILM flap coverage helps to heal macular holes greater than 500 μm diameter,and has no extra effect on healing of diameter less than 500 μm.

Objective To observe enhancing effect of nerve regeneration on peripheral nerve defect models bridged by silicone tube idled with valproic acid (VPA). Methods In present research we demon-strate the effect of VPA on peripheral nerve regeneration and recovery of motor function following sciatic nerve transaction in rats. An 8-mm sciatic nerve deficit was created in a rat mode land bridged by a 1-cm silicone tube.Then, 10 lad of 8% VPA were perfused into the silicone chamber in the VPA group. The same volume of normal saline was delivered in the control group. Results Each animal was observed sciatic nerve function index (SFI) at 2-week intervals and studied electrophysiology at 4-week intervals for 12 weeks. Histological and morphometrical analyses were performed at the end of the experiment, 12 weeks after operation. Using the digital image-analysis system, thickness of the myelin sheath was measured, and total numbers of regenerated axons were counted. There was a significant difference in SFI, electrophysiological index (motor-nerve conduct velocity, MCV), and morphometrical results (regenerated axon number and thickness of myelin sheath) in nerve regeneration between the VPA group and controls (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The results demonstrated that VPA is able to enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in rats, suggesting the potential clinical application of VPA for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in humans.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Thymosin ? 1 on the development and matutation of thymocytes. METHODS: The proportion of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and the expression of smoothened (Smo) of the hedgehog (Hh)-signaling in CD4-CD8-thymocytes were examined to observe the effect of thymosin ? 1 on thymocyte development and matutation. RESULTS: Flowcytometric analysis showed that thymosin ? 1 showed activity at a low dose of 30 ?g/kg, and 30 ?g/kg thymosin ? 1 accelerated the replenishment and maturation of thymocytes according to the expression of Smo of the Hh-signaling in CD4-CD8-thymocytes, the potent negative regulator of proliferative responses. CONCLUSION: Thymosin ? 1 can accelerate thymocyte development from CD4-CD8- to CD4+CD8+.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Clerodendrum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy

Congresses as Topic ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of quality of life of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Methods Chongqing using a structural equation model. A total of 1 181 pneumoconiosis patients in Chongqing were selected - as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of the SF 36 Scale was used to investigate the quality of life of the patients. Amos 24.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model reflecting the quality of life of Results ， （ ），（ ） （ ）， patients. The scores of physical health mental health and quality of life were 61.7±18.5 68.7±20.5 and 64.7±16.8 respectively. The scores of the eight dimensions of the quality of life of the research subjects were lower than that of the （ P ） Chongqing City municipal and national norms all <0.01 . Multiple linear regression results showed that personal monthly ， ， ， income pneumoconiosis stage complications employment status and smoking were the influencing factors of the quality of life （ P ） ， of pneumoconiosis patients all <0.05 . The results of the structural equation model showed that the stage of pneumoconiosis ， ， complications personal monthly income and pulmonary rehabilitation treatment could directly affect the physical and mental （ P ） ， health of the research subjects all <0.05 . In addition the stage of pneumoconiosis and complications indirectly affected the （ P ）Conclusion physical and mental health of patients by affecting pulmonary rehabilitation treatment all <0.05 . The structural equation model can be used to verify the influencing factors of the quality of life of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis. ， Complications personal monthly income and pneumoconiosis stage are the main factors affecting the quality of life of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis.