AIM: To investigate the clinical safety and effectiveness of the two kind of bandage contact lenses: Senofilcon A (Johnson & Johnson Acuvue Oasys) and Balafilcon A ( Bausch& Lomb pure vision ) after laser - assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK).
METHODS: Thirty - eight patients (76 eyes) who had undergone the LASEK were divided into two groups. One group of patients wore Balafilcon A, the other group of patients fitted with Senofilcon A. The lenses were worn continuously for 7d. This was a seven - day experience and the patients scored for the symptom of the eyes (sore eyes, foreign body sensation and tearing) on the third day and the seventh day. Both of the two groups of patients taken off the soft contact lens on the seventh day and let their vision and corneal staining checked.
RESULTS: The symptoms of eye sore and tearing of the two groups patients were different. The patients who wore the Senofilcon A were better. The pain of eyes were also different at 3 and 7d after surgeries(Z = - 4. 146, P =0. 000; Z= - 2. 814, P = 0. 005). The difference on tearing between the two groups at 3 and 7d after surgeries were significant ( Z = -2. 309, P = 0. 021; Z= -3. 276, P= 0. 001). There was no difference on sensation of dryness between the two groups at 3 and 7d after surgeries (Z= -0. 447, P=0. 655; Z= -0. 966, P = 0. 334). After the lenses were taken off, the visual acuity of patients wearing Senofilcon A was better ( t = 3. 800, P = 0. 001 ); corneal staining showed limited spots in 1- 2 quadrants with significant difference (Z= -2. 384,P= 0. 017).
CONCLUSION: The Senofilcon A ( Johnson &Johnson Acuvue Oasys ) and Balafilcon A ( Bausch& Lomb pure vision) bandage contact lenses are safe and effective after LASEK, and the former is better than the latter in epithelial regeneration.

One imported endemic of schistosomiasis occurred in historical non-endemic area in Shayang County in 2006.Through the comprehensive control measures of surveillance,control of infectious sources and health education,the endemic was controlled effectively.

Retinal neovascularization is a complicated pathophysiological process as a result of imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Correct understanding of the signaling pathways,exploring the critical factors involved in retinal angiogenesis, looking for new strategies by reconstructing the new vessels are helpful for knowing the mechanism of the occurrence and development of reitnal neovascularization, which would be good for preventing and treating retinal neovascularization diseases.

The morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal malignancies are the highest in the world. For patients with poor response to conventional chemotherapy, new treatment methods are urgently needed. In recent years, under the background of precision medicine, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with high tumor specificity and potent toxicity have become a hot research spot in the field of biomedicine. However, due to the complex structure and mechanism of ADCs, its pharmacokinetic research is facing great challenges which are the biggest resistance to the development of ADCs at present. In this case, it is of great significance to understand the pharmacokinetic properties of ADCs and make use of it to improve the efficacy of ADCs in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Based on the basic composition and mechanism of ADCs, this review summarizes the pharmacokinetic properties of ADCs, discusses its recent advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies, in order to provide more references for follow-up research on ADCs.

OBJECTIVE: To study the potential targets and action mechanism of apatinib-treated breast cancer. METHODS: Combination with bioinformatic analysis, PharmMapper reverse docking technology was used to predict potential targets of apatinib and docking was performed using Autodock 4. 0 to examine the interaction of aptinib wih predicted protein targets. RESULTS: Cell division protein kinase 2,GTPase HRas, NONE and cytochrome P450 2C9 were found to be the potential targets of apatinib-treated breast cancer. Stable hydrogen bonds were formed between apatinib and the four predicted targets, and the binding free energy was low. CONCLUSION: Apatinib maybe participate the functional regulation or biological action of cell division protein kinase 2, GTPase HRas, NONE and Cytochrome P4502C9 to treat breast cancer, which provides a theoretical basis and a clue for further exploration of the mechanism research of apatinib-treated breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To establish and optimize in vitro lipolysis model, and then to study griseofuvin(GRI) distribution during in vitro lipolysis of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(SNEDDSs). METHODS: The lipolysis rate and extent of triglyceride (TG)were two index for in vitro lipolysis model optimization. The partitioning of GRI into lipolysis phases (aqueous phase, pellet phase, lipid phase) was exploited to investigate the impact of structure and lipid loaded of TG on GRI distribution of SNEDDSs in vitro lipolysis. RESULTS: The optimal lipolysis model at the start of the experiment was as follows: 800 U · mL^-1 Pancreatin extract, 5/1.25 mmol · L^-1 NaTDC/PC micelle and 50 mmol · L^-1 Trizma maleate. The addition way of Ca²⁺ for medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT) were fixed addition 5 mmol · L^-1 and continuous addition 0.008 mmol · min^-1, respectively. With the same amount of TG in SNEDDSs, percent content of GRI in aqueous phase of LCT-SNEDDS was higher than MCT-SNEDDS. When TG loaded doubled, GRI in aqueous phase of LCT-SNEDDS significantly increased by 32.4%, and which of MCT-SNEDDS raised only 5.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The lipolysis rate and extent of TG were correlated with its structure and composition of TG and in vitro lipolysis model. Compared to GRI-SNEDDS without lipolysis, during in vitro lipolysis GRI had transferred to aqueous phase, pellet phase and lipid phase from which was only dispersed in emulsion droplet. And the distribution of GRI during in, vitro lipolysis depended on the composition and loading rate of TG in SNEDDS. These results may provide useful references to study the absorption mechanism of SNEDDS.

OBJECTIVEEffects of ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1 and Re on neurotrophic factor signal transduction pathway using liposome-mediated transfection of eukaryotic cells approach.

METHODThe injury model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 0.6 mmol x L(-1) of corticosterone (CORT) by 24 h. SH-SY5Y cell were pretreated with CORT for 30 min followed by co-treated with 120,60 and 20 micromol x L(-1) of Rb1, 120, 80 and 40 micromol x L(-1) of Rg1 and 120, 80 and 40 micromol x L(-1) of Re for 24 h. Cells viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay. CREB expressing Luciferase reporter gene was constructed and transfected with plasmid containing hRaf, hcAMP, hAkt, hCaMK gene into human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using liposornal transfection reagent lipofection 2000. The expression of CREB before and after it addion of Rb1, Rg1 and Re was examined by Luc assay system and Western blotting.

RESULTCompared with normal control group, CORT significantly decreased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells to 67.21% (P < 0.01). CCK results show that Rb1 (60 micromol x L(-1)), Rg1 (80 micromol x L(-1)) and Re (80 micromol x L(-1)) on SH-SY5Y cells have significant protective effect (P < 0.01). Lucassay and Western blotting results show that the gene and protein levels of CREB increased significantly through the pathway of Raf and Akt with Rb1 and Rg1 (P < 0.01), Re can increase significantly the gene and protein levels of CREB through the pathway of Raf and CaMK II.

CONCLUSIONRb1, Rg1 and Re protects SH-SY5Y cells from CORT-induced damage and the neuroprotective mechanism may be associated with the Raf-CREB, Akt-CREB and CaMK II -CREB pathways.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Panax ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; raf Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

Background Heparanase degrade heparan sulfate side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.Heparanase induces angiogenesis and likely promotes the vascularization of tumor.ObjectiveThe present study is to investigate the expression of heparanase and perlecan in retinas with oxygen-induced retinopathy.Methods Sixty-five clean neonatal C57BL/6J mice were raised in a hyperbaric oxygen box with a volume percentage of 75%±2% for 5 days and then returned to the normal air room.Another 65 matched mice were raised in the normal environment as controls.Evans blue was infused by the superior vena cava in all the mice on postnatal days 12,13,17,21 and 30,afterwards fluorescein angiography was performed and then the mice were sacrificed.The retinas of mice were isolated and prepared and the retinal vessels were examined under a fluorescent microscope and optical microscope.Heranase and perlecan mRNA was detected using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).Heranase and perlecan proteins were detected by Western blot.The analysis of variance was used to compare the mRNA and the protein levels of heranase and perlecan between the experimental and control groups.Results The expression of heparanase mRNA in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups showed significant differences (F_(group)=16.303,P=0.000;F_(time)=18.614,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=11.299,P=0.000),and the expression of heparanase mRNA was significantly enhanced in mice from postnatal days 12,13,17 and 21 compared with normal control mice (P=0.001,0.000,0.000,0.001,respectively).The expression of heparanase protein in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups followed the same tendency(F_(group)=458.134,P=0.000;F_(time)=78.466,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=71.398,P=0.000).The expression of perlecan mRNA in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups showed significant differences (F_(group)=7.351,P=0.013;F_(time)=9.098,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=3.349,P=0.000),and increase in differences also were clearly seen in mice from postnatal days 13,17 and 21 compared with normal control mice (P=0.048,0.000,0.003,respectively).Conclusion The expression of heparanase and perlecan is associated with the development and progression of retinal neovascularization,and perlecan and heparanase together produce a synergistic effect.Heparanase and perlecan may participate in the angiogenesis of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the formation of hyperplastic scar in rabbit ears.Methods The ears of 20 New Zealand rabbits were used to construct an animal model for hyperplastic scar by operation.After the establishment of scar models,the rabbits were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and one control group with 4 mice (48 wound surfaces) in each group.The mice in the 4 experimental groups were treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 7,14,21 and 28 days,respectively,and those in the control group remained in normoxic environment after operation.Scar tissues were resected from all the rabbit ears on day 29 after operation.Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was conducted for the observation of morphological changes and calculation of scar elevation index,and immunohistochemistry to measure the expressions of HIF-1α and IGF-1R.Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance followed by least significant difference t-test.Results HE staining showed that both the number of fibroblasts and amount of collagen fibers were significantly reduced in the experimental groups compared with the control group.Scar elevation index was 4.28 ± 0.22 in the control group,3.64 ± 0.29,3.46 ± 0.21,3.29 ± 0.21,3.16 ± 0.15 in the 7-,14-,21-and 28-day experimental groups respectively,with significant differences among these groups (F =77.70,P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of HIF-1α and IGF-1R were significantly lower in these experimental groups than in the control group (all P ＜ 0.01),lower in the 14-day group than in the 7-day group (P ＜ 0.05),and lower in the 21-day group than in the 14-day group (P ＜ 0.05),with no significant differences between the 28-day group and 21-day group (both P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen can effectively down-regulate the expressions of HIF-1α and IGF-1R in scar tissue,and significantly inhibit the formation of hyperplastic scar in rabbit ears.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of pituitary carcinoma and discuss the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods Clinical manifestations,imaging,pathologic features of one case of pituitary carcinoma were analyzed and literatures about diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of pituitary carcinoma were reviewed.Results The patient manifested polyuria onset,headache and anterior pituitary dysfunction and MRI showed pituitary lesions.He had been undergone two transsphenoidal surgery in our hospital,pathologic examinations were respectively non-functioning adenomas and atypical pituitary adenoma and tumor proliferation index (Ki-67) both were more than 30％.He was recommended radiation therapy but refused.Five months later,he was diagnosed as primary pituitary gland cancer due to the tumor widespread intracranial metastasis and no other malignant lesions in body.Conclusions Primary pituitary carcinoma is a very rare tumor,mostly transformed from the invasive pituitary adenoma.It helps predict tumor proliferation and prognosis to test the level of Ki-67 index.Primary pituitary adenocarcinoma needs comprehensive treatment and the prognosis is related to the treatment response.