MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression. These small, non-coding RNAs are believed to regulate more than one third of protein-coding genes, and have been implicated in the control of many biological processes, including the biology of glioma. The functional significance in some of the miRNAs begins to emerge. This paper reviews the biogenesis of miRNAs, their roles in neuronal development and tumorigenesis of gliomas, and their contribution as tumor biomarkers. Research in this area is quickly gathering pace and is illuminating important aspects of the diseases that may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic interventions, as well as diagnostic and prognostic tools for brain tumors.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell based on recently developed stem cell reprogramming technique holds great hope for regenerative medicine,in vitro disease modeling and drug evaluation.Recent progress on clinical hematology includes in vitro generation of hematopoietic progenitors and mature blood cells from somatic cells,iPS cells derived from chronic myeloid leukemia cells for the better understanding of the resistance mechanisms of bcr-abl inhibitor imatinib,and moreover,correction the monogenic inherited disease using gene-targeted strategies.However,whether the iPS cells can fully replace human embryonic stem cells still needs further investigation.

Background Many surgical techniques are used to improve the postoperative visual acuity for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)during recent decade,and scleral buckling surgery is one of these operations.Whether the visual function after operation can be rescued is an important issue. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors of influencing the postoperative vision following scleral buckling surgery for primary macula-off RRD. Methods The clinical and follow-up data from consecutive series of 116 eyes of 116 patients received scleral buckling surgery for primary maeula-off RRD were retrospectively reviewed.The relationship of multiple factors,including age,preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),duration of disease,refractive error,location of retinal hole,number of retinal hole,area and height of retina detachment,management of subretinal fluid and intravitreal gas injection,with visual acuity were analyzed respectively by χ2 test.The correlations among statistically significant factors with postoperative vision were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Written informed consent was obtained from any patient before surgery. Results The postoperative vision outcome was found with significantly difference among different preoperative vision groups(P=0.002)and different course (P=0.009).There were significant differences between the groups with different preoperative BCVA(P=0.002)and duration of disease(P=0.009).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative BCVA was the only variable affecting postoperative visual result(r=0.400,P=0.009).Considerable linear correlation wag seen between preoperative vision and postoperative vision(r= 0.400,P=0.000).The probability with postoperative vision of t>0.4 in the eyes with preoperative≥0.05 was 3 folds more than that of preoperative<0.05(OR=2.992).The better visual outcome after scleral buckling surgery was seen in the eyes with the course≤7 days. Conclusion Preoperative BCVA and duration of disease are the key factors associated with the postoperative BCVA.Scleral buckling surgery should be performed within the first week for primary macula-off RRD.

OBJECTIVE: To explore pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of penehyclidine hydrochloride in healthy subjects. METHODS: This study was an open, randomized and cross-over trial design. Twelve healthy subjects were randomized to receive pharmacokinetic analysis which were performed according to the order of ABC, BCA and CAB, and then pharmacokinetic trial of multiple dose was performed following penehyclidine hydrochloride. Twenty healthy subjects were selected to receive bioavailability study following an order of BD or DB. Blood and urine samples were collected at prescribed time and then investigated by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The 11 of 12 cases finished the pharmacokinetic trial. The lineare ranges of penehyclidine hydrochloride in plasma and urine were 0.1-8 ng·mL-1, 1-100 ng·mL-1, respectively and accuracy of the method was within 85%-115%. The concentration-time curve of penehyclidine hydrochloride was dose dependent within the ranges of 0.4-0.8 mg after oral administration. ρmax and AUC were significantly increased (P<0.01), Vd and CL were significantly decreased (P<0.01) following multiple dose. The relative bioavailability of penehyclidine hydrochloride was (72.44±21.03)%. The average cumulative excretion rate of penehyclidine hydrochloride with original form accounted for (4.98±1.10)% of the total administered dose. CONCLUSION: The characteristic of linear pharmacokinetics of penehyclidine hydrochloride is performed in healthy subjects after oral administration. Its excretion is mostly via non-urinary system or other metabolites.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between prognosis of patients with primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after radical nephrectomy and expression of tumor metastasis-associated gene CD99 and to analyze the prognostic factors of ccRCC paiients. Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of CD99 in primary ccRCC tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues. The prognosis and risk factors of survival time of patients were studied by follow-up investigation, and the main risk factors were screened by Cox hazard regression model. Results: Compared with the adjacent renal tissues, 73.5% ccRCC tissues had up-regulated CD99 expression, with significant difference found between the two groups (P=0.000). Cox hazard regression model showed that high CD99 expression in ccRCC tissues was not a survival risk factor of ccRCC patients after radical nephrectomy (HR=0.14, 95%CI[0.01, 2.15]); and age (HR=1.18, 95%CI[1.01, 1.38]), TNM stages (HR=51.91, 95%CI[4.31, 625.87]), diabetes (HR=59.94, 95%CI[2.21, 1 627]) and hypertension (HR=47.72, 95%CI[1.37, 1 670]) were the major risk factors for the survival of patients after radical nephrectomy. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of ccRCC patients in TNM stage I were significantly higher than those in TNM stage II-IV, respectively (100.0% vs 60.0%, P=0.004; 93.8% vs 8.3%,P=0.000). Conclusion: The expression of tumor metastasis-related gene CD99 may not be associated with the prognoses of ccRCC patients. Age, TNM stage, diabetes and hypertension are the major risk factors of prognosis after resection of ccRCC.

Objective: To predict the B cell epitopes of tumor-associated protein EIF4G1 subtypes. Methods: The sequences of all the protein subtypes of EIF4G1 were retrieved from NCBI protein database. Based on single parameter evaluation, including hydrophilicity, flexility, antigenicity, the B cell epitopes of the EIF4G1 protein subtypes were predicted using NPS@ structure software and ABCpred software. Results: EIF4G1 protein had five subtypes. The variation of the five different EIF4G1 subtypes was limited within a 300aa region. We identified eight epitopes locating in or near 14-19, 21-27, 52-61, 106-112, 113-139, 183-189, 201-216, and 217-224, which can be used to identify specific B cell epitopes of different protein subtypes. Conclusion: B cell epitopes of EIF4G1 protein subtypes do exist, and they may be used for the protein subtypes evaluation and early diagnosis of tumor patients using artificially-produced matched peptides.

With development of bio-technique, more and more proteins were applied as clinical approaches. However, the protein homogeneity, especially the N-glycosylation limited the further research and application of these protein drugs. The analysis method for N-glycans is believed to be critical in protein drugs development. To enhance the N-glycans isolation efficiency and accelerate the pretreatment, a new strategy was built on ultrafiltration-devices. New methods increased the isolation efficiency of N-glycans containing N-acetylglucosa mine with 10%-20%. The degrading of N-glycans containing sialic acids was also minimized with this method. 20%-100% more N-glycans with sialic acids were isolated. The pretreatment was finished within 30 min. Coupled with HPLC-HRMS, an effective and reliable strategy designed for protein drugs N-glycans analysis were developed.
Glycoproteins ; chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Ultrafiltration ; instrumentation

Objective To explore the changes and influencing factors of serum NT-proBNP level in aged patients with severe brain dysfunction in acute phase, and the corresponding clinical significance. Methods The serum NT-proBNP and cTn-I levels of patients with severe brain dysfunction at day 1, 3, 5 and 7 were measured respectively. The correlation between acute neurological dysfunction caused by brain dysfunction and serum NT-proBNP and cTn-I levels were analyzed, and the impact on prognosis was explored. Results The serum NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in death group at day 3[(759±341)ng/L], 5[(1980±839)ng/L] and 7[(2490±1862)ng/L] than in survival group[(594±612)ng/L,(733±424)ng/L,(315±346)ng/L]. Serum NT-proBNP and cTnI levels were associated with progressive cerebral edema in both groups. Location of early intracranial lesions was significantly different between two groups. Death group had higher ratio of intracranial lesions in basal ganglia and brainstem than did survival group. High serum NT-proBNP level after day 7 suggested poor prognosis. Serum NT-proBNP level was not associated with serum cTn-I level. Conclusions Progressively increased serum NT-proBNP level in aged patients with severe brain dysfunction in acute phase suggests poor prognosis. The increased degree of serum NT-proBNP in aged patients with severe brain dysfunction in acute phase is associated with the location of intracranial lesions.

AimTo evaluate the effects of different doses of valsartan on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) . MethodsEighteen SHR(fourteenweek-old, male) were divided into three groups (six rats in each group ): SHR control group in which the rats were fed with normal saline; low dose valsartan group in which the rats were fed with valsartan 8 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and high dose valsartan group in which the rats were fed with valsartan 24 mg · kg -1 · d-1, all for 8 weeks. The rats in the WKY control group(n ＝ 6) were fed with normal saline for 8 weeks. Results SBP, LVM/ BW and TDM of SHR were remarkably lower than those of the control after drug intervention, and the effect on SBP, LVM/ BW and TDM was most remarkable in the high dose valsartan group. ConclusionDifferent doses of valsartan can decrease SBP of SHR and inhibit the progression of ventricular hypertrophy.

Objective To investigate the relationship of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allelic frequency and serum lipid levels in patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods DNA microarray was used to detect the ApoE genotypes of AD patients (n = 200) and age-matched non-demented elderly control subjects (n = 159). Serum lipid levels was measured by Immunoturbidimetric assay at the same time. We analyzed the ApoE genotype distribution and the relationship of apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) allelic frequency and serum lipid levels . Results The ApoE ε4 allelic frequencies (25.5%) in AD group is higher than that of the control group (7.9%) (P < 0.05). The ε2 allele was associated with a higher ApoE concentration, whereas with a mediate concentration in ε3 and the lowest concentration ( P < 0 . 05 ) in ε4 . Serum concentrations of ApoE showed no significant difference between AD patients and the healthy population who were with the same genotype (P > 0.05). Conclusion The ApoE levels are negatively related to ApoE ε4 allele frequency and have no significant differences with the same genotype in AD and the control group,which suggests that lower serum ApoE levels in AD patients is caused by higher ApoE ε4 allelic frequency in AD than in healthy population.