Objective To investigate the protective effect of butyl flufenamate ointment against ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage,skin aging,and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in SKH-1 hairless mice.Methods A total of 128 mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups:UV group receiving UV irradiation only,butyl flufenamate ointment group and matrix cream group receiving UV irradiation after 30-minute pretreatment with topical butyl flufenamate ointment and matrix cream respectively,and blank control group receiving neither pretreatment nor irradiation.In the sunburn experiment (n =24),mice were exposed to single session of UV irradiation (1.5 minimal erythema doses (MEDs)),and 24 hours later,erythema and swelling response was observed,and skin tissue was obtained from the irradiated area on the back of mice followed by the determination of COX-2 expression using the streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex (SABC) method.To establish a photoaging (n =24) and CSCC (n =80) model,mice were exposed to four sessions of UV irradiation every week for 12 and 28 successive weeks respectively,with the irradiation dose starting at 0.9 MED and increasing gradually.After 12-week irradiation,skin tissue was resected from the back of photoaged mice and subjected to Masson staining for the evaluation of collagen changes as well as immunohistochemical analysis for the quantification of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 expression.The initiation and progression of CSCC were observed in mice on a once-a-week basis from 12 to 28 weeks.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.One way analysis of variance was carried out for multiple-group comparisons of numerical data,Ridit analysis for the comparison of immunohistochemical staining intensity.Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were utilized for the comparison of tumor-free survival time.Results Both the degree of erythema and swelling response and expression level of COX-2 were significantly lower in the butyl flufenamate ointment group than in the other two UV-irradiated groups (all P ＜ 0.05).After 12-week irradiation,the butyl flufenamate ointment group showed milder degree of skin aging,together with higher density of collagen in dermis,weaker expression of Bcl-2 but stronger expression of Bax and Caspase 3,by comparison with the other two UV-irradiated groups (all P ＜ 0.05).During the 28 weeks of irradiation,the median tumor-free survival time was statistically longer in the butyl flufenamate ointment group than in the matrix cream group and UV group((25.0 ± 0.4) months vs.(24.0 ± 0.3) months and (23.0 ± 0.4) months,P ＜ 0.05 and 0.01 respectively).Conclusion Butyl flufenamate ointment has a certain photoprotective effect.

A 19-year-old Chinese woman presented with progressive ulcers and recurrent fever for 1 year.The lesions originally began with purplish red maculopapules,then rapidly developed into ulcer with severe pain and spread to the trunk and extremities accompanied by intermittent fever.Histopathology revealed lymphoid infiltration of middle and large atypical T cells throughout the dermis and subcutaneous fat laver along with focal epidermotropism.The lymphoid infiltrates were positive for CD3,CD8,T-cell intercellular antigen(TLA)and T-cell receptor β(TCR-β).Gene analysis showed the rearrangement of T-cell receptor gene.According to the above findings,the patient was diagnosed as primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. Combined thempy with cyclophosphamide,vincristine,prednisone and bleomycin resulted in partial remission of skin lesions,but she eventually died 22 months after the onset of disease.

Objective To explore the significance of case managers using WeChat platform in the treatment process and extended care for patients with laryngeal cancer.Methods From November 2014 to May 2015, 30 patients with partial resection or total resection of laryngeal cancer in the department of head and neck surgery were selected as a research subjects.Case managers provided fully supports,such as establishing WeChat group,replying online consultations,popularizing health education knowledge,providing psychological counselings.Psychological assessment of the patients was conducted by social support scale(SSRS)and anxiety scale(SAS)in the beginning of case management.Results comparison was performed before and after three months intervention.Results The score of subjective support of patients before intervention was (25.13 ±4.81)points,which after intervention was (28.33 ± 4.41)points.The score of support availability before intervention was (7.20 ±1.99)points,which after intervention was (35.27 ±5.90)points.The differences were statistically significant(t =-2.685,-5.280,2.917,all P <0.05).Conclusion The WeChat platform mediated by the case management is effective in the management of the psychological health of patients with laryngeal cancer,which can effectively promote the rehabilitation of patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids.

METHODThe in vitro single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats was established to study the changes in absorption kinetic parameters of dehydrocavidine, berberine hydrochloride and palmatine chloride in C. saxicola total alkaloids after the addition of different concentrations oligochitosan and evaluate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of the drugs.

RESULTThe concentration of oligochitosan had different effects on the absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the three active component in rat intestines. Ka and Peff in 0.5% oligochitosan group significantly increased, indicating a stronger effect in promoting the absorption.

CONCLUSIONOligochitosan has a certain effect in promoting the intestinal absorptions of protoberberine alkaloids in C. saxicola total alkaloids.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A 57-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for a 7-year progressively spreading plaques involving the entire body surface, and multiple irregularly sized red nodules and infiltrated patches on the face, trunk and limbs. Histopathological examination showed pleomorphic tumor cells diffusely dis-persed throughout the dennis, giving an appearance of low proliferation. Some cells with cytoplasmic pro-cesses appeared multiangular in shape, lmmunohistochemically, tumor cells were negative for CDla or S-100, but positive for CD45, FXIIIa, CDl4, MHC- Ⅱ, CD68 and lysozyme with extracellular interstitial expression. Ultrastructurally, the cells exhibited cytoplasmic processes and irregularly sized nuclei; no Birbeck granules were observed. Vesicules of low electron-density were seen diffusely in cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. The case is herein diagnosed as cutaneous non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which presents with a chronically invasive clinical course. These cells may develop from immature dermal dendritic cells.

The neural stem cells in Wistar rats were cultured in vitro, purified, and transplanted into C6 glioma model in order to observe their biological characters and provide a basic foundation for treatment of neurological diseases by neural stem cell transplantation. The cells at hippocampal area from gestation 15-day rats were cultured in vitro, and frozen and preserved in liquid nitrogen. C6 tumor-bearing models (n=25) and neural stem cells transplantation models (n=35) were established. When the tumor grew to 3 to 4 weeks, 5 rats in each group were randomly selected for MRI examination. At different intervals, the rats were perfused and sampled for HE staining, GFAP and BrdU immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that after resuscitation of neural stem cells at 1-4 passages, the cell viability was 40%-63% with the difference being not significant. The cells could proliferate, passage, and most cells transplanted into glioma model survived. The mean survival time in neural stem cell transplantation group and control was 4.28 and 3.88 weeks respectively, and the average tumor size in the former was smaller than in the latter. It was concluded that embryonic neural stem cells in rats could proliferate and differentiate, and after resuscitation the biological characteristic and viability of the cells were not influenced. Neural stem cells had inhibitory effects on the growth of glioma cells and could prolong the survival of rat model.
Brain/cytology ; Brain Neoplasms/*therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*transplantation ; Glioma/*therapy ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neurons/*cytology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cell Transplantation

Objective To explore the microsurgical technique and clinical value of endoscope-assisted microsurgery via the transsphe-noidal approach to the clivus. Methods According to the results of microanatomy of endoscope-assisted via the transsphenoidal approach to sellar and clival area, the clinical data of 12 cases (8 with invasive pituitary adenoma, 3 with chordoma, 1 with chondroma) treated by transsphenoidal approach were studied retrospectively. All cases were followed-up 3 months to 6 years after operation. Results The tumor was totally removed in 8 patients, removed subtotally in 3 patients, and removed partially in 1 patient. 6 patients occurred transient diabetes insipidus, 2 patients with transient cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea. There were no death or intracranial infection. Postoperative follow-up was performed for 3 months to 6 years, No recurrence occurred except for enlargement of 1 chordoma. Conclusion Transsphenoidal approach satisfactorily and quickly reaches and helps remove the larger tumors in sellar and clival area without severe complication. It has the advantages of low incidence of surgical complication and high total removal rate. Endoscope-assisted may be helpful for this approach.

Objective To determine the ED50 of dexmedetomidine for suppressing cardiovascular responses to placement of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery with induction of propofol. Methods ASA I or II Patients aged 18 to 55 undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were enrolled. After an bolus dose of dexmedetomidine over 10 min , anaesthesia was induced with target-controled propofol, and then bolus of vecuronium of 0.1 mg/kg was injected when the BIS was between 45 and 55. LM palcement was performed 3 minutes after vecuronium injection. The modified Dixon ’ s up-and-down method was used to determine the bolus dose of dexmedetomidine , starting from 1.0 μg/kg (step size:0.1 μg/kg). Cardiovascular response was defined as an increase in SBP and/or HR by 15% of baseline within 2 min after placement of LMA. The test ended after at least 7 crossovers ( successive ‘response’ or ‘non-response’) were obtained. Probit analysis was used to calculate ED50, ED95 and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The ED50 and ED95 (95% confidence interval) of dexmedetomidine for suppressing cardiovascular responses to placement of LMA was 0.65 μg/kg (0.44-0.80) μg/kg and 0.94 μg/kg (0.79-2.47) μg/kg. Conclusion Under induction of target-controled propofol , the ED50 of dexmedetomidine is 0.65 μg/kg for suppressing cardiovascular responses to placement of LMA in female patients.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of different surgical approaches on the basis of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in treating early-stage vulvar cancer, and discuss the proper strategy for individualized treatment. Methods The medical charts of patients with early-stage vulvar cancer treated in Sun Yat-sen University between January 2004 and December 2013 were retrospectively collected. A total of 74 patients who received sentinel lymph node(SLN)detection in primary surgery were enrolled (average age 55). The surgical approaches contained SLNB, inguinal lymphadenectomy (IL), and extensive vulvectomy. The SLN were examed on intraoperative frozen sections. The treatment protocols, lymphatic metastasis, postoperative recovery condition, recurrence and survival data were collected and analyzed. Results At least one SLN was successfully detected in 68 (92%,68/74) patients. SLN were positive in 21 patients, of whom 12 (group A) underwent bilateral IL, and 9 (group B) received radiotherapy without performed IL. SLN were negative in 47 patients, of whom 26 (group C) underwent bilateral IL and one of them had a non-SLN metastasis, and 21 (group D) were advised to follow-up. The coincidence of pathological results between frozen and paraffin sections was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of SLNB for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 95% and 100%, respectively. A total of 44 complications happened in patients underwent SLNB and IL (group A and C), including 16 poor wound healing, 14 lymphedema, 8 lymphatic fistulas, 3 phlebothrombosis and 3 infections. There were no complications happened in patients underwent SLNB alone (group B and D), among whom the operation time, bleeding amount, and hospital stay were also significantly less than those in patients underwent SLNB and IL. The median follow-up time was 41 months and the 3-year overall survival rate was 85% in the whole series. Recurrences were observed in 11 patients and 9 of them died of the tumor with the median survival time of 15 months. In patients with positive SLN (group A and B), the 3-year overall survival rate was 58% with 8 patients died of the disease, including 4 in group A and 4 in group B. In patients with negative SLN (group C and D), the 3-years overall survival rate was 97% with one patient in group D died of the tumor, and significantly higher than that of patients with positive SLN (P=0.003). The 3-year overall survival rate was significantly difference. In univariate analysis by log-rank test showed that, neither in patients with nor without SLN metastasis the prognosis differed with respect to surgical approaches (group A vs B, P=0.709;group C vs D, P=0.253). Univariate analysis by log-rank test showed that, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, depth of invasion, and tumor location could significantly affected survival (P<0.05), whereas age, tumor diameter, and surgical approach didn′t (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (RR=21.57, 95%CI:2.68-173.10, P=0.002) and tumor location (RR=7.85, 95%CI:1.79-34.50, P=0.024) were the independent factors for overall survival. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis is an independent prognosis factor for patients with early-stage vulvar cancer. SLNB could accurately diagnose the status of lymph nodes and help to decide subsequent treatment. The omissions of IL in patients with negative SLN avoid surgical morbidity and shorten postoperative recovery period without an increased risk of recurrence.

Objective To investigate the expression of osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9),and the relationship of osteopontin and MMP9 in malignant melanoma.Methods Expression of osteopontin and MMP9 was measured by immunohistochemical SP method in 23 patients with primary cuta- neous malignant melanoma,17 patients with metastatic melanoma and 20 patients with pigmented nevus. Results Osteopontin and MMP9 were expressed respectively in 87.5% and 75.0% of 40 malignant melanoma specimens,15.0% and 10.0% of 20 pigmented nevus specimens.The expression of both osteo- pontin and MMP9 was significantly higher (both P＜0.05) in malignant melanoma than in pigmented ne- vus.There was no correlation between the expression of osteopontin and MMP9,with age,sex,lymph node metastasis or location of lesions (P＞0.05).Twenty-nine cases were positive for both osteopontin and MMP9,4 negative for either osteopontin or MMP9.Conclusion Both osteopontin and MMP9 were over- expressed in malignant melanoma,but neither was related to lymph node metastasis.