Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) mediate distant metastasesof many kinds of cancer.The detection and characterization of CTC through different enrichment and isolation methods play important roles in assessing of prognosis, monitoring of therapy response and decision making of personalized treatment.With the development of continued research, detection of CTC may become a routine test for therapeutic decision making of cancer.

Objective: To develop a novel method using high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with DAD (HPCE-DAD) for the simultaneous determination of 10 phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3- rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) in Bidens bipinnata. The extraction efficiency of above mentioned compounds was compared using six different ethanol/water solutions. Methods: The effects of pH value and concentration of buffer, applied voltage, and temperature on the separation were researched. The 10 compounds were baseline separated within 16 min in a 60 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 25 kV with a running buffer consisting of 25 mmol/L borate (pH 9.5) at wavelength of 214 nm. Results: Excellent linearities of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid were observed at 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 5.0-120, 1.0-120, 2.5-120, 5.0-120, 2.5-120, 2.5-120, and 2.5-120 mg/L, respectively. The detection limits were at 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of precision were below 5.17% (n = 6). The mean recoveries for 10 phenolic compounds in B. bipinnata ranged from 94.4% to 105.8%, with RSD values of 0.32%-4.33%. Conclusion: The contents of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3- glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, salicylic acid, luteolin, kaemferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid in B. bipinnata are 95.04-105.84, 78.03-110.45, 96.45-177.96, 178.78-300.00, 62.06-66.54, 71.08-72.85, 77.39-95.30, 68.27-77.43, 68.47- 88.47, and 107.24-142.43 μg/g, respectively.

The hearts of the 49 adult male rats were injured by the application of electro-coagulator, and the animals were killed at intervals from 12 hours to 2 months after injury.Another 8 rats were used for control. The regenerative changes during the process ofwound-healing were studied with histological method. Two to twenty days after injury, the regenerative changes in myocardial fibers wereevident. The modes of regeneration were shown on several ways. (1) Two days after injury, at the border of the lesion, the terminations of somesurviving myocardial fibers showed variable degrees of dedifferentiation, the nuclei swelledup and the nucleoli increased in number and volume. Many of the nuclei were arrangedin pairs, especially in the papillary muscles. (2) Two to twenty days after injury, some mitotic figures were found in myo-cardial fibers. (3) Five to nine days after injury, there were many myoblasts in the center ofthe lesion along the necrotic fibers. For lack of favorable conditions, the myoblasts and the terminations of the survivingfibers could not continue to develope and differentiate. The lesion was repaired by thecicatrization.

Background N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mouse mutagenesis is a powerful approach for the study of gene function and the generation of human disease models.Objective This study was to create the corneal morphologic change and map the mutant gene of a kind of corneal opacity in ENU mutagenesis in mouse.Methods ENU was intraperitoneally injected in forty C57BL/ 6J (B6) male mice aged 8-10 weeks old.The male mice were mated with the same strain female mice.Their progenies were screened for visible eye mutation,and the mutant mice were mated with the same strain mice to confirm the heredity of mutation phenotypes.Hematoxylin & eosin staining was used to examine the histopathological change of cornea in one mouse with ENU-induced corneal opacity.To map the mutant gene,[(B6×D2)F1 ×B6] N2 mutant mice were bred,and the genome of the N2 mice was scanned by microsatellite markers distributed equally on the mouse chromosome.The microsatellite linked to the mutant gene was determined by the log odds score.This experimental procedure was approved by Ethic Committee about Experimental Animal Care and Use of Yangzhou University.Results The founder mouse,which was the progeny of an ENU-treated B6 male mouse and an untreated B6 female mouse,had a corneal opacity phenotype.After mating the mutant with B6 mice,19 of 59 descendants appeared corneal opacity phenotype.Thickening of corneal stroma,neoangiogenesis,infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibroblasts were exhibited in cloudy cornea in ENU-induced mutated mice under the optical microscope.After linkage analysis between microsatellite markers and the mutant gene,the mutant gene was linked to D2Mi307,which was located at 63.42 cM.Three cases of 26 N2 mice underwent recombination with the LOD 3.79.The mutant gene associated with the cornea phenotype was located on chromosome 2.Conclusions This study map the mutant gene associated with the cornea phenotype on chromosome 2.The strain might be used as a mouse model for heritable human corneal opacity.

Objective To compare left ventricular (LV)synchronization of direct His-bundle pacing (DHBP)and right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP)with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI)and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI),and discuss the diagnostic value of 2D-STI and TDI in evaluation of left ventricular systolic synchronicity.Methods Twenty-four patients implanted with DHBP and RVAP were observed.Conventional echocardiography examination were undergone both at the mode of DHBP or RVAP respectively.The time to peak radial strain of LV 1 8 segments were derived from the parasternal short-axis views by 2D-STI,then calculated the standard deviations (SD ) and the maximal temporal difference of LV 1 8 segments (Trs-SD and Trs-Dif),and the interval of time to peak radial strain between the anteroseptal wall and the posterior wall (Tas-post).The time to peak systolic velocity of LV 12 segments were derived from the apical axis views by TDI.The SD and the maximal temporal difference of 1 2 segments (Ts-SD and Ts-Dif)were calculated as the LV dyssynchrony index.Results All the systolic synchrony parameters derived from 2D-STI and TDI were more significantly shortened in DHBP than in RVAP (all P <0.01).For DHBP,the detection rate of LV synchronization was higher by 2D-STI than by TDI.For RVAP the detection rate of LV dyssynchronization was also higher by 2D-STI than by TDI with RVAP lead (all P <0.05).Conclusions DHBP is more beneficial than RVAP in LV syschronization and LV function,RVAP may induce left ventricular systolic asynchrony.Both 2D-STI and TDI can assess the LV synchronization quantitatively,but 2D-STI may be more superior on the detection rate than TDI.

Objective To observe the effect of silencing P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) by RNA interference on microglial releasing interleukin 1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO).Methods The small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting P2X7R gene was observed.The primary microglial cells activated by amyloid-β (Aβ-42) were infected with the lipofectaminesiRNA.The groups were designated as Aβ-1-42,Aβ1-42/siNC,Aβ1-42/siP2X7R and blank control groups according to the different stimulus.After RNA interference for 48 hours,the microglial cells were collected.The survival rate of microglia was detected by CCK-8.The levels of P2X7R mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting respectively.The microglial morphology and the P2X7R immune response were observed by immunocytochemistry staining.Then levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO in the supernatantwere measured.Results The Aβ1-42 and siRNA had no effects on the survival rate of microglia.After RNA interference silencing P2X7R,the expression levels of P2X7R mRNA and protein in Aβ1-42/siP2X7R group were decreased significantly,and in this group,the microglial activity and P2X7R immune response were all reduced.In Aβ1-42,Aβ1-42/siNC,Aβ1-42 /siP2X7R and blank control groups,the supernatant levels of IL-1β were (52.54±3.21) μg L,(54.94±2.54) μg/L,(28.70±3.58) μg/L,(24.55±4.34) μg/L,respectively and the supernatant levels of TNF-α were (64.40±4.80) μg/L,(60.94±1.63) μg/L,(25.69±3.13) μg/l,(19.21±1.97)μg/L,respectively.As compared with Aβ1-42 and Aβ-42/siNC groups,the levels of IL 1β and TNF-α in Aβ1-42 /siP2X7R group was decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05),and IL-1β level had no significant difference between Aβ1-42/siP2X7R and blank control groups.The same result was observed in the level of NOin the supernatant.The levels of NO were (1.33±0.19) μmol/L,(4.49±0.28) μmol/L,(4.78±0.33) μmol/L and (1.07±0.36) μmol/L in Aβ1-42/siP2X7R,Aβ1-42,Aβ1-42 /siNC and blank control groups respectively.Conclusions The silencing expression of P2X7 R by RNA interference effectively decreases the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and NO released by microglia.P2X7 R can be used as an effective therapeutic target for RNA interference treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), as a special molecular subtype of breast cancer, is non-responsive to endocrine therapy or commercially available targeted therapy. It is characterized by early recurrence, rapid progression and poor prognosis. This systemic and comprehensive overview was focused on recent progress on molecular subtyping of triple negative breast cancer and its possible clinical value, chemotherapeutic agents and chemotherapy regimens, and combination of chemotherapy with potential molecular targeting agents.

Activating blood and dissolving stasis is one of the important principles of clinical anti-tumor by traditional Chinese medicine and the anti-tumor effect of the blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs has been confirmed by a large number of studies. But in recent years, some experimental studies have found that some blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs could promote tumor metastasis. And then the clinical application of this kind of drugs has suffered from many controversial problems. Chinese materia medica (CMM) with breaking blood stasis and resolving mass (Poxue herbs) is a kind of blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs which display the severe effect. Nowadays some researchers confirmed its obvious antineoplastic effect and its prominent anti-tumor metastasis effect, which indicated in recent studies. In this article, we summarized the anti-tumor metastasis effect and mechanism of the Poxue herbs like Curcumae Rhizoma, Sparganii Rhizoma, large blister Beetle, leech, and its effective components in detail. And we also put forward that Poxue herbs are the ones which have the anti-tumor metastasis effect among blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, and it valued with significant clinical application and development. It is also believed that the Poxue herbs could inhibit the tumor metastasis which is related with aerobic glycolysis and can provide the theoretical direction to guide clinical application.

In the previous study, a high-throughput screening method was established to find the antagonists of CD36. In the present study, a new compound named IMB-1680 was found using this method. The anti-atherosclerotic activities of IMB-1680 were then evaluated. Dose-dependent activities of IMB-1680 were detected by using Sf9 [hCD36] and CHO [hCD36] models. Fluorescence microscopic photography and flow cytometry were used to analyze uptake of mLDL. Foam cell test with RAW264.7 macrophages was used to examine lipid accumulation. The results showed that IMB-1680 inhibited CD36 activity with IC50 of 2.80 and 8.79 micromol x L(-1) in Sf9[hCD36] and CHO [hCD36] cells, respectively. Fluorescence microscopic photography and flow cytometry revealed that IMB-1680 could significantly reduce DiI-AcLDL uptake. Meanwhile, IMB-1680 also could reduce lipids accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. In all, the data indicated that IMB-1680 might be a potent effective anti-atherosclerotic leading compound.
Animals ; CD36 Antigens ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetulus ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Plasmids ; Receptors, Scavenger ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Transfection

The retrieval of the existing literature on the types of fungi polysaccharides, chemical structure and anti-canceractivity, anti-cancer mechanism was outlined, providing scientific information for further study on anti-cancer action of polysaccharides of fungi.