AIM:To investigate the clinical value of wide angle digital imaging system ( RetCam Ⅱ) for the screening of retinopathy of premature infants ( ROP) .
●METHODS: A total of 200 cases ( 400 eyes ) in preterm children were selected Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in line with obstetric screening criteria using RetCamⅡROP screening children for binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy results as the gold standard, RetCamⅡ for screening value of ROP in premature children.
●RESULTS:The screening of 200 cases ( 400 eyes ) in premature infants, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy were detected 63 eyes with ROP (15. 8%), 337 normal eyes, 42 eyes with ROP phase l, 14 eyes with phase ll, 7 eyes with phase lll, no one with ROP phase lV and ROP phaseⅤ. A total of a 64 eyes with ROP were screened by RetCam ll, which the misdiagnosis in 5 eyes, diagnostic level decreased in 6 eyes. The consistency of RetCam ll detection results with binocular indirect ocular fundus examination results was 0. 814, P<0. 05. RetCamⅡfor screening children preterm children ROP lesion sensitivity of 93. 7% and a specificity of 98. 5%, missed diagnosis rate was 6. 4%, misdiagnosis rate was 1. 5%, 92. 2%positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 98. 8%.
● CONCLUSION: RetCam Ⅱ in preterm children ROP screening has high clinical value.

Objective: To introduce 3 methods for preparation of stomach-conserving gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)model in rats, so as to improve the quality and successful rate of model preparation. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated(SO) group (n=20) and 3 stomach-conserving reflex model groups: duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) group (n=47, esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis), gastroesophageal reflux(GER) group(n=20, partial pyloric ligation + cardiomyotomy followed by gastric fundus-esophagus anastomosis) and duodenoesophageal reflux (DER) group (n=21, jejuno-esophageal anastomosis followed by duodeno-esophageal anastomosis). Rats were observed closely after operation and their body weights were monitored. The rats that died unexpectedly were autopsied immediately and the surviving rats were sacrificed to observe the esophageal pathological changes at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after operation. Results: Three rats died due to anesthetic accidents; 26 (24 .1%) died unexpectedly after operation, 18(38.3%)in DGER group, 1 (5%) in GER group, and 7(33.3%)in DER group; no rat died in SO group. Necropsy showed that the death cause of rats included obstruction, infection, asphyxia, hemorrhage, anastomosis leakage and perforation, etc. Esophageal pathological changes were noticed in all rats of 3 model groups; the life quality of surviving rats was good. Conclusion: The 3 methods for establishing rat stomach-conserving GERD model can produce high quality model and high rate of pathological changes, but with high post-operation mortality. In addition to rational operative methods, avoiding post-operation complications and unexpected death are also very important for successful GERD model preparation.

After the indexes of article count, fraction count, weighted fraction count, and domestic and interna-tional collaboration ratio were calculated using the 2014 nature index of life science issued by British Nature Pub-lishing Group as the data source, the 2014 scientific research outputs in life science of some domestic colleges and universities were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for reducing the gap in scientific research strength between China and USA.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in radiation-induced death process of human esophageal squamous carcinoma Eca-109 cells.Methods Esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109 was divided into 6 groups of control,5 mmol/L 3-Methyladenine treatment,10 mmol/L treatment,6 Gy irradiation,irradiation + 5 mmol/L drug,and irradiation + 10 mmol/L drug.Some cells were transferred with GFP-LC3 plasmid and the changes of autophagosome were obserred.After each treatment,the expression of autophagy marker LC3B was measured by Western Blot,cell viability was detected by MTT,morphological characteristics of apoptosis cells were stained with a fluorescein of Hoechst 33342 and the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry.Clonogenic survival were used to evaluate the cell radiosensitivity.Results Autophagy level was increased after radiation,and the LC3B Ⅱ expression and LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B Ⅰ ratio were significantly decreased by autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (F =25.64,P ＜ 0.05).The number of autophagosome fluorescent foci were significantly increased in the GFP-LC3 transfected cells after radiation,but reduced by 3-Methyladenine (F =127.36,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with radiation alone group,autophagy inhibition combined with radiation significantly decreased cell viability (F =129.54,P ＜ 0.05) and colony formation,increased apoptosis and the percentage of G2/M-phase cells.Conclusions 3-Methyladenine enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma Eca-109 cells,suggesting that inhibition of autophagy could be used as an adjuvant treatment of radiotherapy in esophageal squamous carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the potential mechanisms of chronic stress-induced breast cancer progression. Methods Mouse breast cancer xenograft model was established by injecting 4T1 cells into 6-week-old BALB/c mice, followed by randomized into the control group (no induced stress or drug treatment), chronic stress group, Iso injection group [10 mg/(kg.d), served as positive control], chronic stress + DMSO group (served as control for drug treatment), and chronic stress +Rapa group [15 mg/(kg.d)]. The tumor size was monitored up to 21 days. The intratumor expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-II, and p62 were detected. The pulmonary metastatic nodules were visualized and counted using lung ink staining. The expression of autophagy-related molecules in 4T1 cells after NE treatment was also examined in vitro. Results Compared with the control group [(1359.7±173.9) mm3], chronic stress [(2119.7±130.0) mm3], and Iso [(1947.0±102.8) mm3] promoted the growth of breast cancer cells (Plt;0.05). Consistently, the lung nodules numbers were significantly increased in the chronic stress group (10.3±1.1) and the Iso group (8.8±0.5), compared to control group (4.3±0.3, Plt;0.05). In addition, compared to the control group, Beclin1 expression from samples of the stress group were decreased while p62 expression increased (Plt;0.05). Interestingly, the autophagy inducer Rapa reversed the pro-tumorigenic effect of chronic stress [(2275.477±187.397) mm3 vs. (1360.097±213.938) mm3, Plt;0.05]. We further confirmed that 4T1 cells treated with NE resulted in 60% decreased of Beclin1 expression in 4T1 (100% vs. 39.8%±2.0%, Plt;0.05) the fluorescence intensity of LC3 decreased as well (Plt;0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that breast cancer patients with high expression of Beclin1 had better survival prognosis, while those with high expression of p62 showed worse outcome (Plt;0.001). Conclusion Stress promotes the growth and metastasis of breast cancer through suppressing cell autophagy.

ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of different anesthesia methods on the stress response and hemodynamic of elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods Fifty-eight elderly patients who needed LC were selected and divided by random digits table method into GAEA group received general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and GA group received general anesthesia with 29 cases each.The stress response and changes of hemodynamic were observed.Results Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were elevated during pneumoperitoneum in both groups.Blood pressure and HR returned to normal at 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum in GAEA group,which were recovered more slowly in GA group.There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),HR between two groups before and after anesthesia (P＞0.05).SBP,DBP,HR of GAEA group were ( 123.8 ± 25.9) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),(85.9 ± 8.4) mm Hg,(83.2 ± 7.4) times/min during pneumoperitoneum,respectively,(118.2 ±21.1) mm Hg,(84.4 ±8.3) mm Hg,(82.8 ±7.5)times/min at 10 min after pneumoperitoneum,( 114.9 ± 20.7) mm Hg,(80.2 ± 7.6) mm Hg,(78.5 ± 10.4)times/min at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum.SBP,DBP,HR of GA group were (138.3 ±26.7) mm Hg,(91.2 ± 8.8) mm Hg,(89.3 ± 10.1 ) times/min during pneumoperitoneum,( 130.3 ± 21.3) mm Hg,(89.2 ±8.6) mm Hg,(88.2 ± 9.7) times/min at 10 min after pneumoperitoneum,( 126.2 ± 20.7) mm Hg,(85.2 ±8.4) mm Hg,(84.9 ± 9.6 ) times/min at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum,respectively.SBP,DBP,HR during pneumoperitoneum,at 10 min and 30 min after pneumoperitoneum in two groups had significant differences (P ＜0.05).The anesthesia onset time in GAEA group was(73.2 ±24.9) s,and the awake time after operation was (31.6 ± 10.2) min,while those in GA group were (78.1 ± 22.4) s and (35.9 ± 14.3) min.The anesthesia onset time and awake time after operation in GAEA group were shorter than those in GA group,but had no significant difference (P＞ 0.05 ).Postoperative visual analogue score of GAEA group [ ( 13.4 ± 8.2)scores] was obviously lower than that of GA group[(26.3 ± 10.1) scores] (P ＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between GAEA group [27.59％(8/29)] and GA group [6.90％(2/29)] had statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsCompared with general anesthesia,general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia during LC for elderly patients can reduce the occurrence of intraoperative stress responses and have more steady hemodynamic,better anesthetic effect and faster recovery.But it may cause the incidence of nausea,headache and other postoperative adverse reactions increase.

Objective To investigate the optimal combination and the value of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast tumors. Methods One hundred and forty patients who had been clinically and pathologically diagnosed as breast tumors in our hospital during the period of 2009 to 2013 were collected. 63 of whom had breast cancer and 77 had benign tumor. All the patients received 1H-MRS, DWI and dynamic enhanced MRI at the same time. The obtained images were analyzed and then compared with the pathological findings. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRS combined with DWI or dynamic enhanced MRI, or DwI combined with enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer were obtained. Results All the diagnosis were pathologically confirmed. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 89.8%, 90.1%, and 90.0% for DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI; 77.9%, 77.3% and 79.3% for MRS in combination with enhanced MRI; and 76.3%, 77.8% and 77.1% for DWI combined with MRS. There were significant differences among the three kinds of combination detection in diagnosis of breast cancer , χ2= 9.057, P = 0.011. Conclusions The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy is the highest in DWI combined with dynamic enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of breast tumor , which can be used as the best combination imaging for breast tumor.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy titanium laser lithotripsy(MPCNL)on upper ureteral calculi.Methods According to digital table,68 patients with upper ureteral calculi were randomly divided into the study group and control group,cach group in 34 cases.The study group received the MPCNL treatment,the control group received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL)therapy. The therapeutic effects were compared.Results The success rate of gravel,stone clearance rates of the study group were 91 .1 8% and 91 .1 8%,which were higher than 70.59%,67.65% of the control group,there were significant differences between the two groups(χ2 =4.660,5.757,P =0.031 ,0.0164).Conclusion Percutaneous nerve titanium laser lithotripsy for upper ureteral stones can achieve good therapeutic effect.

Objective To study the clinical investigation of andrographis paniculate in treatment of infantile respiratory infection.Methods 260 cases who were confirmed diagnosed of infantile respiratory infection were divided into the therapy group with androgrophis paniculate and the control group with ribavirin at random.Results The therapy group was better than the control group,and there were outstanding differences between two study groups.Conclusion Andrographis paniculate can shorten the course of the disease,and improve the patients' symptoms and it is more safety than the ribavirin.

Objective:To study the PDT effects on culturing endothelial cell in vitro under the differens content of CPD 4. Methods: According to the existing techniques obtaining prime umbilical vein endothelial cell in 24 well culturing plate,10 5/well.Add 1640 medium mixed with different final concentration of CPD 4 individuallly and incubate for 1h. Then shine them with 630～640 nm red light. Observe the morphological changes of EC. After PDT 6 h,measure the contents of Prostaglandin F 1?(PGF 1?) and and LDH in the culturing medium and the percentage of the residual cell. Results:With the concentration of CPD 4 increasing, the damage degree of EC aggravates. There was emergence of EC contracting ,falling off , cytoplasmic swelling,floating and dying. The contents of PGF 1? and LDH were increasing and the percentage of residual cell decreases simultaneously. There was statistical significance between the five groups. Conclusion:The effect of PDT is direct.The effectiveness has two characteristic: ①CPD 4 induced PDT has direct photosensitised damage to EC. There exists CPD 4 dose dependence.②The PDT target of EC is membrane and cytoplasma organelle. The damage is lethal and irreversible.