Chronic constipation(CC)is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Treatment of CC includes drug and non-drug treatment. Biofeedback(BF)is a psychological behavior therapy and has become the first-line therapy of CC. However,the efficacy of BF reported varied substantially. This article reviewed the evaluation of efficacy of BF on CC.

BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from lacrimal gland epithelium with high recurrence rate and mortality because of its invasiveness. Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used clinically,the curative effect is not enough satisfied. ObjectiveThis study was to provide an experimental basis for clinical application of 125 Ⅰ seeds interstitial brachytherapy. MethodsHuman ACC-2 cell links were transplanted subcutaneously in the back of 30 SPF BALB/C nude mice to establish the ACC model,and 25 of these mice with suitable sizes of tumor were selected and randomly divided into the G1 (0. 4 mCi 125 Ⅰ ), G2 (0. 6 mCi 125 Ⅰ ) ,G3(0. 8mCi 125 Ⅰ ) ,and G4( 1.0mCi 125 Ⅰ ) groups according to the different therapeutic radioactivity treatments,with 5 nude mice for each group,and a 125 Ⅰ seed without radioactivity was used in 5 mice as the control group. The dimensions of the tumors were measured at 2-day intervals and the inhibition rates of tumors were calculated. Nude mice were killed 14 days later by the broken neck method,and the amount of apoptosis and necrosis as well as the maximum effective radius of tumor to 125Ⅰseed were detected under the transmission electron microscope and routine pathological examination. ResultsFourteen day after operation, the dimension of tumors was (3713.19±243.23)mm3 in the G0 group;while in the G1 ,G2 ,G3 and G4 groups,the dimensions of tumors were (3113.35±316.54) mm3,(2635.85±261.21) mm3, (2538.37±312.16) mm3 and(1686.28±231.65) mm3,respectively, showing a significant decrease in comparison with the Go group( P＜0. 05 ). The tumor inhibitory rates in the G1 ,G2,G3 and G4 group were(20. 11±3.09)％, (36. 18±2.54)％ ,(40. 83±4. 17)％ ,and(66. 63±5.34)％ ,with an obvious elevation with the increase in the dose of 125 Ⅰ ( F=120. 240,P=0. 000). Correlative analysis showed that the intensity of radioactivity from 125Ⅰhad a positive correlation with tumor inhibitory rate (r =0. 653,P =0. 008 ). The maximum effective radius were ( 5.2 ±0.5 ) mm, ( 6.4 ±0. 7 ) mm, ( 7.4 ±0.4 ) mm, and ( 8.2 ±0. 5 ) mm in the G1 ,G2, G3 and G4 groups, with the considerable differences among them (F=29. 22, P=0. 000). Radioactivity of 125 Ⅰ exhibited positive correlation with the maximum effective radius ( r =0. 609, P =0. 004). Conclusions125 Ⅰseed implantation brachytherapy can inhibit the growth of the transplanted ACC in BALB/C nude mice by suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells. It is a safe ,feasible and effective method to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objective To observe the clinical effects and intubation condition of different doses of domestic cisatricurium(CA) in children. Methods Forty-five peadiatric patients aged 2 to 12 years old scheduled for selective surgery were randomized to three groups of 2 ED_(95) CA(0. 08 mg/kg), 3ED_(95) CA(0. 12 mg/kg) and 4ED_(95) CA(0. 16 mg/kg) (C_2, C_3, C_4 groups). Neuromuscular blockade was monitored with TOF-Guard. The conditions for trachea[intuDation were scored and the onset time, clinical duration, recovery index were recored. ResultsTracheal intubation was performed successfully in all patients. The conditions for tracheal intubation were scored greater 5 points in groups of C_3 and C_4 ,which was only 33. 3% of patients in group C_2. The onset time was shortened and the duration of action was prolonged as the dose of CA increased. But the recovery index of three groups were smilar. Conclusion An increase of CA dosage can shorten the onset time and prolong the duration of action and 3ED_(95) CA is suitable for tracheal intubation in children.

Gastrointestinal tract contains the most complicated microbial ecosystem of the human body,and balance of microbial ecosystem has been proved to play an important role in human health.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is closely related to the esophageal,gastric and intestinal microecology.It has been revealed that alterations in gut microbial ecosystem may induce mucosal inflammation,relax lower esophageal sphincter (LES),increase intragastric pressure and delay gastric emptying via various pathways and subsequently cause or exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux.In this article,the advances in study on gut microbial ecosystem and GERD were reviewed.

Gut microbiota is characteristically changed and participates in the pathogenesis and progression of a variety of diseases.Studies have shown that the ecological diversities of gut microbiota of constipated patients are disturbed, and some probiotics are effective for treatment of chronic constipation.This article reviewed the research progress on alterations of gut microbiota in chronic constipation, the mechanism of which affecting gastrointestinal motility, the interaction between microbiota and motility, and the efficacy of probiotics for clarifying the effect of gut microbiota on chronic constipation and guiding the clinical treatment.

Abstract?AlM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection with Ranibizumab combined with sub-Tenon injection with Triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) for macular edema ( ME) due to central retinal venous occlusions ( CRVO) .?METHODS:Forty-six patients (46 eyes) were diagnosed ischemic CRVO with significant macular edema by fundus fluorescence-angiography ( FFA ) and optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . All the patients had panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) , a week after the four times therapies. Twenty-three patients ( 23 eyes ) in group A were randomly chosen to receive intravitreal injection with ranibizumab ( lVR ) , another 23 patients ( 23 eyes ) in group B to treat with both lVR and sub-Tenon injection with TA ( PSTT ) . There was no significant difference on macular edema and best corrected visual activity ( BCVA) between the two groups. The changes in BCVA and central macular thickness ( CMT) before and 1wk; 1, 3, 6mo after treatments were analyzed.?RESULTS: One week after the treatment: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B (P<0. 05). BCVA and CMT changes between two groups were statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). One month and three months after the treatment:the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in group A and B (P<0. 05), the difference was significant between two groups ( P< 0. 05 ). Six month after the treatment:the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B. Compare BCVA difference between the groups was statistically significant change (P<0. 05), CMT difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Not only lVR can decrease ME caused by CRVO and increase the BCVA, but also lVR combined with PSTT can. But combined therapies can be more rapidly and have more positive effect on decreasing the ME and protecting the visual function.

Objective To discuss the similarities and differences of clinical manifestation and pathological characteristics in hepatitis B virus related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) between children and adult. Methods Ninety cases with HBV-MN were divided into two groups according to the age:children group (33 cases) and adult group (57 cases). A retrospective control study was carried out to analyze the clinical and pathological features of the two groups. Results The incidence of anemia in children group was 45.45% ( 15/33 ), which was significantly higher than that in adult group [15.79% (9/57)](P ＜ 0.01). Nephrotic syndrome was the largest proportion in two groups,but there was no significant difference in the composition of clinical manifestations between two groups (P ＞0.05). Membranous nephropathy Ⅱ was common in pathological stage in two groups. The incidence of membranous nephropathy Ⅱ in children group was 63.64% (21/33),which was significantly higher than that in adult group [42.11%(24/57)] (P ＜ 0.05 );immunohistochemistry showed "all bright", and the deposition of HBcAg in renal biopsy was also higher than that in adult group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion There are some similarities and differences in HBV-MN between children and adult patients,and these will help to improve the levels of diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Modified Yiqi Chutan Recipe (MYCR) on blood flow perfusion in treating mid-late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by using multislice CT perfusion (CTP) , and to assess the relationship between each CTP parameter and the prognosis as well.

METHODSTotally 87 mid-late stage NSCLC patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (44 cases, Shenyi Capsule + MYCR +chemotherapy) and the control group (43 cases, chemotherapy alone) in the ratio of 1:1. And 21 days consisted of 1 therapeutic course, 4 courses in total. All of them underwent CTP of primary tumor and routine thoracic CT examination (plain CT and enhancement CT) 3 times (before therapy, after 2 and 4 cycles). CT findings were analyzed for tumor size and perfusion parameters [blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), permeability surface (PS), mean transit time (MTT), and time to peak (TP) before and after treatment, and relationship between perfusion parameters and prognosis was also assessed.

RESULTSIn 87 cases, 7 dropped out and 80 cases were available, 40 in the treatment group and 40 in the control group. (1) The relief rate was 47.5% (19/40) and the total stable rate was 77.5% (31/40) in the treatment group, and they were 40.0% (16/40) and 65.0% (26/40) in the control group, with no statistical difference between the two groups (χ² = 0.672, 1.227; P > 0.05). (2) Compared with before treatment group in the same group, BF and PS decreased, and MTT increased in the two groups after 2 and 4 courses (P < 0.05); BE and PS decreased, and MTT increased in the control group after 2 courses (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after 4 courses, BE decreased more significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.05). (3) After 4 courses, all patients were assigned to the remission group (35 cases) and the non-remission group (45 cases) according to the RECIST standard. Compared with before treatment in the same group, BF, BF, and PS all decreased, and MTT increased in the remission group after treatment (all P < 0.05); BF increased in the non-remission group after treatment (P < 0.05). (4) All patients were assigned to the BE increase group (34 cases) and the BE decrease group (46 cases) according to changed BE values after treatment. Results showed the mean survival rate was 246 days in the BF increase group (the 1-year accumulative survival rate being 13.0%) and 387 days in the BE decrease group (the 1-year accumulative survival rate being 53.1%). The life span was prolonged and the 1-year accumulative survival rate was elevated in the BE increase group, with statistical difference as compared with the BE decrease group (χ² = 19.057, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSShenyi Capsule plus MYCR could reduce BE in mid-late stage NSCLC patients , improve vascular permeability, showing better synergistic effect with chemotherapy. CTP could not only reflect the change of tumor size, but also reflect vascular function of the tumor. Meanwhile, changes of CTP parameters were closely associated with prognosis. Patients with post-treatment decreased BE value had better prognosis and longer life span.

Capillary Permeability ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To set the cost standards for hospitalization based on the eases of the clinical pathway in order to help set a reasonable ceiling for the expenses of various diseases.Methods The multiple linear regression analysis was applied to find out influencing factors of hospitalization costs of the hysteromyoma.Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)ease mix was used to group 1777 hysteromyoma cases.Results The main factors for the expenses,as listed by their influence,were surgical operation or not,disease(s)of concomitance and the amount,adjusted R2 =0.6545.Hysteromyoma patients were divided into four diagnosis related groups; the all coefficient of variation(CV)is as small as 0.068,0.104,0.102,and 0.116 respectively.The hospitalization costs of the hysteromyoma of standard reference value were then calculated.Conclusion The standards interval for hospitalization costs set with DRGs case mix is reasonable and efficient,significantly useful for regulating medical practice and harnessing excessive costs of hospitalization.

Objective To investigate the mental status and influential factors of female patients with malignant tumor.Method Self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were to investingate 57 female cancer patients.Results The scores on depression and anxiety were(56.35±12.9)and(46.11±10.91),both significantly higher than the norms(all P<0.01). The factors influencing their extents of depression and anxiety included tumors in the reproductive system,breast cancer,poor economic condition,no spouse and multiple hospitalizations.Conclusions The female cancer patients suffer from many mental problems. The influential factors are the reproductive system,breast cancer,poor economic condition,no spouse and multiple hospitalizations,which needs clinical interventions.