Relevant literatures on the relationship betw een fluorosis and oxidative stress were reviewed.Based on most of the original papers published in recent years,we can see the increased free radicals and oxidative stress may occur in certain stage of fluoride intoxication,but confirmation of the causality between oxidative stress and fluoride-induced damages still remains much work to do.

Objective To explore the multiple risk factors for family lifestyle of children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) in Shaanxi Province, China. children and their parents. The univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence of risk factors related to parents' lifestyle on CHDs. Results Several possible risk factors were found for CHDs, including fever (OR=4.465, P=0.017), pesticides contact (OR=2.234, P=0.083), passive smoking during pregnancy (OR=20.529, P=0.007) and father's smoking (OR=3.342, P=0.005); fever (OR=2.428, P=0.012) and passive smoking during pregnancy (OR=1.201, P=0.037) were also correlated with ventricular sepal defect (VSD). Conclusion Fever, pesticides contact and passive smoking are associated with CHDs during pregnancy. We should focus our attention on health care during pregnancy to avoid the above-mentioned risk factors and call on parents to hold on to a good healthy lifestyle.

Objective To explore the relationship between substance P(SP),somatostatin(SS) expression and change of morphology structure in jejunum of arsenism rats.Methods Acoording to sex and body mass,forty five clean grade SD rats were divided into control(0.0 mg.kg-1.d-1),low-dose arsenic(0.4 mg.kg-1.d-1) and high-dose arsenic(10.0 mg.kg-1.d-1) groups,n =15.The rats in low-and high-dose groups were treated with As2O3(2,50 mg/L) through drinking water for 4 months,respectively.Morphology changes of jejunum were observed by histological technique-HE staining and SABC immunohistochemistry.SP and SS positive cells in the jejunum were observed and counted,and its average gray value was analyzed with image analysis software (Biomias).Results Some jejunal villi were irregular in arsenism rats; with some brush border loss and irregular; goblet cells increased; infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria; and vacuoles in some intestinal gland cells.The differences of SP and SS positive cells between groups were statistically significant (F =608.54,227.59,all P ＜0.05).Compared with the control group (0.94 + 0.21,1.14 + 0.14),SP and SS positive cells in low-and highdose arsenic groups(1.85 + 0.25,1.83 + 0.24 and 4.24 + 0.33,3.31 ± 0.41) were significantly higher(all P ＜0.05),and high-dose arsenic group was significantly higher than the low-dose arsenic group(all P ＜ 0.05).The differences of average gray values of SP and SS positive cells between groups were statistically significant(F =68.43,26.57,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group(133.76 ± 3.61,137.57 ± 5.49),SP and SS positive cells in low-and high-dose arsenic groups(125.13 + 2.35,131.28 ± 5.66 and 118.30 ± 4.58,124.03 ± 3.94) were significantly lower(all P ＜ 0.05),and high-dose arsenic group was significantly lower than the low-dose arsenic group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Up-regulation of SP,SS may be related to jejunal mucosal injury and morphology structure in arsenic poisoning rats.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of renal injury of chronic arsenic poisoning rats induced by the expression of cysteine caspase-8 and P53 in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.Methods Sixty healthy SD rats were divided into three groups,high-,low-dose group,and control group,n =20 in each group.The rats in high and low dose groups were treated with As203 through drinking water,10.0 and 0.4 mg/kg,respectively.The control rats were given distilled water.Four months later,serum and urinary arsenic level was determined,and kidney specimens were taken.The expression of cysteine caspase-8 and P53 in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells was detected by histological technique-HE staining and SABC immunohistochemistry.In addition,cell number counting and image analyses were used in the study.Results The number of caspase-8 positive cells of renal proximal tubule in control group,low-and high-dose group was 3.33±1.32,31.14±8.02 and 46.50±7.20 cell number/visual fields,respectively,which was increased with dose increasing(all P ＜0.05);the average gray value was 151.34±6.40,133.58±4.63 and 128.34±16.28,respectively,decreased with dose increasing(all P ＜0.05).The number of P53 positive cells was 3.17±1.59,26.29±4.23 and 47.00±6.22 cell number/visual fields,respectively,increased with dose increasing (all P ＜ 0.05) ; the average gray value was 142.54±8.06,121.48±5.68 and 101.89±6.35,respectively,decreased with dose increasing (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increase of caspase-8 and P53 positive cells is one of the molecular mechanisms of renal injury induced by arsenic poisoning.

Objective To evaluate the operative treatment of nonunion of humeral shaft fracture with in- ternal plate fixation and autogenous cancellous hone graft.Methods Forty-one cases of nonunion of humeral shaft fracture operatively treated from February 2002 to December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 32 males and nine females.Their average age was 37.5 years(range,17 to 67 years).Sixteen nonunions were defined as hypertrophic and 25 as atrophic.We followed all the patients and obtained their complete medical information. Results Our average follow-up was 22.6 months(range,8 to 42 months).Forty fractures(97.6%)were united within an average of 5.8 months(range,3 to 12 months).Complications included iatrogenic radial nerve injury in three patients,wound infection in one patient and fracture nonunion in one patient.At the final follow-up,shou]der and elbow functions were found to be satisfactory.Conclusion Open reduction and plate internal fixation sup- plemented with autogenous cancellous bone graft is an effective treatment for nonunion of humeral shaft fracture.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and carry out analysis on pharmacoeconomic cost-effect of three therapeutic schemes in the treatment for stroke. Methods Through a retrospective survey method, 115 stroke patients, based on different treatment methods, were divided into 3 groups:Xuesaitong group (A), carthamin yellow group (B), and Xueshuantong group (C). An analysis on pharmacoeconomic cost-effect was conducted. Results The costs of three therapeutic schemes were 1030.4 yuan, 1876 yuan, and 1545.6 yuan, respectively. The total effective rates of stroke patients in groups A, B and C were 85.37%, 88.57% and 90.04%, respectively. The cost-effect ratios of groups A, B and C were 12.07, 21.18, and 17.17. The added cost-effect ratios of groups B and C compared with group A were 264.25 and 110.32, respectively. Conclusion Xueshuantong Injection has more pharmacoeconomic advantage than Xuesaitong and carthamin yellow Injections in treating stroke.

AIM To investigate that Danhong Injection may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress response in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) cultured with high glucose.METHODS The third passage of RPMCs were used for the experiment.After being incubated with DMEM for 24 hours,RPMCs were divided into normal control group,high glucose group (RPMCs were incubate with 100 mmol/L glucose for 12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h),Danhong Injection group (complete medium with 80 mL/L Danhong Injection for 48 h) and high glucose + Danhong Injection group (100 mmol/L high glucose with 40 mL/L,80 mL/L,160 mL/L Danhong Injection for 48 h respectively).The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in culture fluid were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione (GSH),in the culture fluid and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by kits.The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,fibronectin (FN),endothelin-1 (EDN1) and haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The protein expressions of EDN1 and HMOX1 were measured by Western blot.RESULTS High glucose can significantly inhibit RPMCs' viability.High glucose can also up-regulate the expressions of IL-18,IL-6,TNF-α,ROS,MDA,Bax mRNA,FN mRNA,EDN1 mRNA and down-regulate the levels of SOD,GSH,Bcl-2 mRNA,HMOX1 mRNA in RPMCs.Treatment with Danhong Injection can effectively reverse aforementioned effect induced by high glucose.CONCLUSION Danhong Injection can reverse the inhibition of cell viability,the inflammation and oxidative stress response induced by high glucose in RPMCs,thus protect peritoneal membrane.

Congresses as Topic ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening

Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Humans ; Kidney ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lead ; toxicity

Humans ; Microcirculation ; Sepsis ; physiopathology