The stress resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial strains for molasses to high-concentration ethanol,high temperature,high osmotic pressure,furfural toxicity,phenol toxicity,acetic acid toxicity and G418 toxicity were analyzed by the spot dilution growth assays in this paper. The results showed that the stress resistances among these industrial strains were obviously different. The strains AS2.1189 and AS2.1190 are more resistant to the tested stress factors than any others .The strain 396 is the most resistant to the acetic acid toxicity and G418 toxicity,and the strain 2610 is the most resistant to the high temperature.

Adolescent ; Alopecia ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Bone and Bones ; abnormalities ; Denture, Complete, Upper ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Spasm ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To observe the effects of fenofibrate and pioglitazone on the expressions of PPAR- α, PPAR-γ, and intracellular signaling molecules in pancreatic islets of obese rats induced by high-fat diets. Methods SD obese rat models were established with high-fat diet, and 40 male rats were assigned to 4 groups including high-fat diet (HF group), high-fat diet with fenofibrate (FF group), pioglitazone (FP group) treatment, and control rats with normal diet (NC group). After 8 weeks intervention, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expressions of various proteins in islets; At the same time, islets mass were scored in tissue slides. Results Islets mass enlarged in HF group. The compositions of islet cells were the same as the control. The expression of insulin was lower in HF group than the control, but after using pioglitazone, less islets mass and more insulin expression were found in FP group. Compared with the control group, expressions of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ protein were reduced in HF group, and the expression of PPAR-α protein increased in FF group, and the expression of PPAR-γ protein was increased in FP group. The levels of NF-кB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1 proteins increased significantly in HF group, the expressions of NF-кB, p38 MAPK decreased in FF and FP groups, and the level of ERK1 decreased only in FP group, the protein level of I-кB showed no difference among control, HF group, and FF groups. Conclusion Fenofibrate and pioglitazone may partially protect islet cells function and improve survival by correcting the disturbance of intracellular signaling molecules.

Objective:To study retention force durability of root-type attachments.Methods:Five magnetic attachments(Magfit EX-600),semi-precise stud-type attachments(Bedent) and precise stud-type attachments(Dalbo-classic) were fixed on a thermal-cycling and mechanical-loading machine respectively.The retention force of each attachment was measured at the baseline and after every 1,000 cycles of seating-removing.Results:The average retention force of magnetic attachments was(3.85?0.107) N at the baseline which attenuated for 3.38% after 10,000 cycles;The retention force of semi-precise group was(14.10?0.144) N originally and decreased 90.06% of the original force after 10,000 cycles.The primary force of the precise group was 33.14 N and was adjusted to(11.95?0.082) N as baseline attenuating for 74.56%.Conclusion: The retention force of magnetic attachments is lower than the stud attachments but is stable for 10 years.The retention force of stud-type attachments is larger at the baseline but reduced rapidly.

Objective:To observe the curative effect of cervical chiropractic for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA) and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Sixty CSA patients were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty patients in the treatment group were treated with chiropractic manipulation for cervical vertebrae,once every other day,7 treatments in total.The other 30 patients in the control group received oral administration of flunarizine hydrochloride,10 mg per night,for 14 d.Cervical vertigo and functional assessment scale and transcranial cerebral Doppler (TCD) were measured before treatment and 7 days after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 96.7％ in the treatment group and 83.3％ in the control group.The curative rate was 66.7％ in the treatment group and 20％ in the control group.The differences between the two groups in the total effective rate and the curative rate were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The scores of cervical vertigo symptom and functional assessment after treatment in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (both P＜0.01);the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,the maximum systolic velocity (Vs),the maximum diastolic velocity (Vd),the mean velocity (Vm),the pulsatility index (PI) and the vascular resistance index (RI) in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before the treatment (all P＜0.01);there were significant differences between the two groups (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Cervical chiropractic is an effective method for CSA,and its curative effect is better than that of flunarizine hydrochloride alone.Its mechanism may relate to correcting cervical instability.

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a most common sexual dysfunction, for which dapoxetine, a novel selective serotonin (5-HT) re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the only licensed oral medicine at present. With the advantages of fast absorption, rapid action, on-demand medication, and short half-life time, dapoxetine has been proved by clinical trials to be effective in prolonging the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and improving the overall condition of PE patients in various areas and populations. Compared with the traditional SSRIs, dapoxetine has a better safety and tolerability. The most frequently reported dapoxetine-related adverse events include nausea, diarrhea, headache and dizziness, but with very few severe or serious cases.
Benzylamines ; therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; therapeutic use ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the genotype and gene mutation of hepatitis E virus isolated from the serum and stool samples of the patients with epidemic outbreak hepatitis E in certain recruit barracks of Guangzhou. Methods The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify the partial ORF2 nucleotide acid sequences of hepatitis E virus isolated from 34 and 46 inpatients with epidemic outbreak and sporadic hepatitis E respectively. The PCR products of the positive samples were cloned and sequenced. Results The 14 strains, including 12 epidemic strains and 2 sporadic strains, were isolated from the total 80 inpatients. The homology of nucleotide acid and amino acid sequences of 12 epidemic outbreak strains is 95.3%～100% and 94.0% ～100% . The homology between epidemic outbreak strains and sporadic strains is 95.3%～99.3% and 94.0%～100%. Compared with the standard different genotypes of HEV, these strains have the highest homology to the Jap1 strain which belongs to genotype Ⅳ, with homology of 96.0%～100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these the nucleotide acid sequence homology of 92.0%～95.3% and amino acid sequence stains and Jap1 strain share the same cluster. Conclusion[KG1]Epidemic outbreak strains isolated from the patients in recruit barracks of Guangzhou belong to the genotype Ⅳ of HEV and the nucleotide acid sequences had partial mutation.

[Objective] To answer the following questions:① For Oncomelania snails collected two years apart from the same locality,has there been genetic divergence?②How much experimental error has there been in studying subsets of these populations? ③As this is an unstable population,what has the net effect been on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(Hwe)?[Methods] Allozymes were studied using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.Data collected from numbers of experiments were conapiled.Data from each collection were divided into two equal subsets based on chronology of the experiments.Thirty-four loci were studied using 72 to 180 snails per subset.[Results] The mean number of alleles per locus ranged frcra 1.5～1.9.With each consecutive subset,the 96 polymorphic loci dropped from 38.2 to 17.6.The mean heterozygosity was very low:0.033 to 0.049 and not significantly different from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.Ten loci and 11 alleles exclusive to the first group were eliminated from the overall study reducing the number of polymorphic loci from 19 to 10.There were significant departures from Hwe at five loci having a substantial number of individuals for each allele.Nei's and Wright's D were 0.003±0.001 and 0.054±0.006 respectively.[Conclusion] ①There were significant errors seen primarily in the results scored' in the earliest experiments.②These earlier errors involving scoring difficult to resolve loci,and interpretation of rare alleles that were not found in later experiment had no significant effect on overall genetic distance.③The use of Wright's D for closely related populations is explained.Results with Nei's D indicated no significant difference among the four subunits; Wright's D yielded significant difference between the collections made two years apart,attributed to the annual flooding of the Yangtze River mixing snails from different localities.④ Major polymorphic loci were not in Hwe as predicted using the unstable population model.⑤One must study 25 or more individuals to find relatively rate alleles and study population genetics.

Background Ultraviolet irradiation promotes cellular apoptosis by affecting the mitochondrial transmembrane potential,including human lens epithelial cells (LECs).Gene associated with retinoid-interferoninduced mortality-19 (GRIM-19),a cell death regulatory protein,is essential for the assembly and function of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ.However,whether LECs apoptosis induced by ultraviolet irradiation is related to GRIM-19 is still unclear.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the apoptosis of human LECs caused by ultraviolet with GRIM-19 expression in vitro.Methods Human LEC line(SRA01/04)was cultured in α-MEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were exposed to ultraviolet ray at doses of 0,30,60,90,120 or 150 mJ/cm2 when cell growth reached the logarithmic phase and 80％ confluency.The rate of apoptosis of the cells was assayed using flow cytometry,and the level of expression and relative amount of GRIM-19 protein (GRIM-19/β-actin) were detected by Western blot.The relationship between apoptosis and the GRIM-19/β-actin value among the different treatment groups was compared using One-way ANOVA,and the correlation of LECs apoptosis rate and GRIM-19 expression level was assessed by Pearson linear analysis.Results A significant difference was found in the apoptosis rate among the different treatment groups(F=149.32,P＜0.01).Compared with the 0 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation group,the apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly increased in the 60,90,120 and 150 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation groups (q =17.02,-25.20,-29.41,-8.61,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of the GRIM-19 protein in the LECs suspension was enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation at 60,90,120 and 150 mJ/cm2.The relative expression of the GRIM-19 protein (GRIM-19/β-actin) was significantly different among the various groups (F=6.87,P＜0.05),and the GRIM-19/β-actin values in the 60,90,120,150 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation groups were elevated in comparison with the un-irradiated group(2.01±0.76,2.98± 1.80,3.97± 1.61,2.42± 1.28 vs.0.56±0.23),which showed statistically significant differences (q =4.12,-5.04,-7.09,-3.85,P ＜ 0.01).In addition,a positive correlation was seen between the rate of apoptosis and the expression of the GRIM-19 protein(r=0.71,P＜0.01).Conclusions GRIM-19 is expressed in normal human LECs.The apoptosis of human LECs accompanies the up-regulation of GRIM-19.The expression of GRIM-19 in LECs increases with ultraviolet irradiation in a doseindependent manner.

Background T helper cell 17 (Th17),a newly discovered subset of CD4+ T cells,have been found to play an important role in dry eye disease in animal model.Further investigation should be done on the immunopathogenesis of Th17 cells in dry eye patients.Objective This study was to analyze the expression status of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 in tear and supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of dry eye patients and their correlation with clinical symptom and sign.Methods Twenty Sj(o)gren syndrome (SS)patients,twenty non-Sj(o)gren syndrome (NSS) patients were included in Wuxi Second Hospital from 2010 to 2011,and twenty healthy volunteers were recruited at the same period.All of subjects understood the purpose and procedure of research and written informed consent was obtained form each subject initial of this study.Dry eye symptom questionnairs were self-answered and multiple dry eye disease-related clinical tests,including the breakup time of tear film (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and corneal fluorescein staining were performed.The periphery blood of 3 ml and tear were collected in all the subjects,and IL-17 and IL-22 levels in supernatant of PBMCs and tear were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The correlations between levels of IL-17 and IL-22 with BUT,S Ⅰ t,corneal fluorescein staining and dry eye scores were analyzed.Results The dry eye scores reduced,BUT prolonged,S Ⅰ t increased and corneal fluorescein dye decreased from SS group,NSS group to normal control group,with significant differences among the three groups (dry eye scores:H =40.81,P＜0.01 ; BUT:H =40.15,P＜0.01 ;S Ⅰ t..H=50.07,P＜0.01 ;corneal dye scores:H=40.52,P＜0.01).The concentration of IL-17 in the supernatant of PBMCs in the SS patients,NSS patients and normal controls were (964.92±124.83)ng/L,(718.85± 115.89)ng/L and (341.95±85.08) ng/L,showing a statistically significant difference among them (F=162.95,P＜0.01).The levels of IL-17 in the tear were (440.69±126.09) ng/L,(364.33±126.85) ng/L and (61.16±11.60) ng/L in the SS group,NSS group and normal control group respectively,exhibiting an elevated level in the SS group and NSS group compared with the control group (F=75.27,P＜0.01).In addition,the levels of IL-22 in the supernatant of PBMCs in the SS patients,NSS patients and normal controls were (98.77± 11.27) ng/L,(79.65 ± 11.01) ng/L and (32.78±9.34) ng/L,and those in the tear were (22.22 ± 8.96) ng/L,(14.92 ±4.35) ng/L and (10.47 ± 2.67) ng/L,with significant differences among the three groups (F =206.27,P＜0.01 ;F =19.87,P＜0.01).The significant correlations were found between the IL-17 and IL-22 concentration in the supernatant of PBMCs and tear with corneal fluorescein staining scores and S Ⅰ t.Conclusions The contents of IL-17 and IL-22 in PBMCs and tear upregulate in the SS and NSS patients,indicating that Th17 plays a key role in the immunity mechanism of dry eye.