Objective To identify tiletamine, zolazepam and their metabolites in samples from drug facilitated sexual assault by gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （GC-QTOF-MS）. Methods Urine samples of victims were collected, and detected by GC-QTOF-MS after liquid-liquid extraction and concentration. The molecular formula of fragments ions was identified by determination of accurate mass numbers, to detect related substances. Results Tiletamine, zolazepam, three metabolites of tiletamine and two metabolites of zolazepam were identified in urine samples from actual cases. Conclusion GC-QTOF-MS provides abundant and accurate information of fragment ions mass numbers, which can be used for qualitative identification of tiletamine, zolazepam and their metabolites in drug facilitated sexual assault.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Humans ; Sex Offenses ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Tiletamine/blood* ; Zolazepam/blood*

To compare the effects of ketamine and tiletaminezolazepam (TZ) drugs widely used for the chemical restraint and immobilization of primates, on various physiological parameters and blood gas values in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca facicularis). Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and blood gas analysis were measured before treatment and at 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after administration. Additionally, in both groups, induction and maintenance times were compared. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, pH and pCO2 were not significant different in the two groups. However, pO2 in the ketamine-treated group was significantly lower at 30 and 40 min than in the TZ-treated group. The induction time was short in both groups, and the maintenance time was longer in the TZ-treated group (67.8+/-6.5 min) than in the ketamine-treated group (42.3+/-6.7 min). However, decreased rectal temperatures must be watched and prevented following TZ administration to cynomolgus monkeys. It was considered that ketamine may be useful for short duration anesthesia including handling, physical examination, blood sampling and TZ may be useful for prolonged anesthesia including minor surgery and other surgical procedure.
Animals ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/blood ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/*pharmacology ; Female ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immobilization/*physiology ; Ketamine/*pharmacology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Partial Pressure ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Restraint, Physical/*methods ; Tiletamine/*pharmacology ; Time Factors