Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection experienced by HIV patients that can affect the success of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. This study aimed to determine the association between tuberculosis infection and loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV patients after ARV therapy initiation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted by observing HIV patients in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Indonesia who were diagnosed in 2015 for 39 months based on medical records data. The number of samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 170 patients. Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression were the statistical tests used to analyze data in this study. Results: The probability of HIV patients to retain in ARV therapy for 39 months was 90% among HIV co-infected TB patients and 84% among HIV without TB co-infection. However, no significant difference was found (p-value = 0.41). Most of the incidence of LTFU in both groups occurred in the first year after ARV initiation. Cox Regression analysis showed that TB infection did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of LTFU ARV therapy (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.18 – 2.08; p-value = 0.44). Conclusion: This study found that TB infection did not have a significant association with LTFU after ARV initiation. However, most of LTFU in both groups (the co-infection group and without TB co-infection) occurred in the first year of ARV therapy. Providing intensive counseling in the initial phase could increase the commitment of HIV patients for staying in ARV therapy.

Introduction: Heart attack and stroke are two diseases causing four out of five patients with cardiovascular disease to experience early death at the age of below 70 years old. Coronary heart disease is caused by two factors, namely modifiable factors and non-modifiable factors. This study aimed to determine factors related to coronary heart disease in the productive age groups in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The total sample in this study was 24,199 with productive age (15-59 years old). The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions to analyze the risk factors for coronary heart disease. Results: This study found that coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.30%. Most of the respondents in this study were females (52.30%), had a normal body mass index (40.75%), had moderate physical activities (39.33%), had no smoking habit (64.59%), and consumed no fast-food (88.34%). The result showed that older age (AOR =1.06 95%CI=1.05-1.07), female (AOR =1.93, 95%CI=1.32-2.83), vigorous physical activity (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI=0.53-0.96), and fast-food consumption (AOR =1.68, 95%CI=1.22-2.31) had higher odds to experience coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Older age, female, vigorous physical activities, fast-food consumption were the risk factors of coronary heart disease at a productive age in Indonesia.

Introduction: Health is a dynamic, emerging, and interdisciplinary field. To address current health problem challenges, we need a public health workforce constantly adaptable and equipped with the newest skills. This study was to explore the skills needed by public health bachelor’s to work in the health office. Methods: We used qualitative methods. A total of six participants took part in this study. Interviews were held virtually via Zoom Platform in September 2022 using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-visual recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded by members of the research team and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results: The majority of participants get jobs in the office through different work entrances. Our study identifies that participants need technical and interpersonal skills to support their job in the health office. Outside learning contributes to developing skills needed by participants. Conclusion: This study represents an initial endeavor to identify the core work-related skills for public health graduates who work in the health office. Future research is needed for longitudinal larger scale quantitative studies to confirm our qualitative findings. In addition, our findings promote transformations on learning for Bachelor of Public Health Program more comprehensively.

Introduction: Studies show that many university students experience common mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In severe cases, these problems can cause disability that may hinder youths from achieving their potential academic or career development. This study aims to measure the occurrence and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and their determinants among undergraduate students of a recently established remote campus in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi, East Java from September- December 2017. Exactly 229 students were randomly selected using cluster sampling. Mental health status was measured using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 25.0%, 51.1%, and 38.9% respectively among these students. Level of education was associated with depression and stress, but not with anxiety. The fifth semester students had significantly greater odds of depression (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.04-4.93; p value = 0.04) and stress (AOR =2.18; 95% CI: 1.10-4.37; p value = 0.03) compared to the seventh semester students. No variables were significantly associated with the occurrence of anxiety. Conclusion: Fifth semester students had a greater risk for depression, anxiety, and stress compared to students at a higher level of education. The present study highlights the need for policies in new universities to provide a routine psychological support and counseling for students undergoing semesters that place greater mental burden.