2013 saw sustained and rapid development in the military medicine-related life sciences .New research fields, new technologies and devices continue to emerge , such as Brain Science Projects , 3D bio-printing, cognitive neuro-science, brain-computer interface and mind control , genome editing technology , neuroimaging techniques , protein research technology , Which will promote the all-round development of basic and applied research for military medicine .

Objective:To explore the surgical techniques in posterolateral mini-incision total hip arthroplasty and clinical effcacy.
Methods:A total of 94 patients (98 hips) had posterolateral mini-incision total hip arthroplasty, from December 2006 to December 2008, and were randomly divided into a posterolateral mini-incision total hip arthroplasty group (Group A) and a conventional group of posterolateral incision for total hip arthroplasty (Group B). Forty-nine patients (50 hips) in Group A had posterolateral small incision total hip arthroplasty [26 males, 23 females, between 37.0 and 95.0 years (average 68.9 years), body mass index (BMI) between 20.3 and 29.7 (average BMI 25.4)]. Forty-ifve patients (48 hips) in Group B had the conventional posterolateral incision [27 males, 18 females, between 45.0 and 92.0 years (average 69.7 years), BMI between 18.7 and 34.1 (average BMI 26.9)]. The incision length, blood loss, drainage, operation time, and postoperative Harris scores were compared between the 2 groups.
Results:The incision length was 6.0~10.5 (average length 7.4) cm, average blood loss was 387.6 (140.0~1000.0) mL, average drainage was 143.1 (63.0~375.0) mL, average blood transfusion was 77.6 (0~400.0) mL, average operation time was 84.6 (63.0~130.0) min, and vitalock abduction angle imaging after the operation was 41.6° (averagely 38.0°~57.0°) in Group A. The incision length was 15.0~23.0 (average length 20.0) cm, average blood loss was 513.1 (210.0~1350.0) mL, average drainage was 152.3 (70.0~520.0) mL, average blood transfusion was 142.2 (0~800.0) mL, average operation time was 84.0 (71.0~115.0) min, and postoperative radiographic acetabular cup abduction angle was 42.3° (37.0°~54.0°) in Group B. The follow-up showed that the prosthesis of the 2 groups was in a good position, Harris score was significantly improved with no complications after total hip arthroplasty in the 2 groups.
Conclusion:With the correct selection of indications and adept operation skills and other circumstances, posterolateral mini-incision total hip arthroplasty may do little damage to the soft tissue with a small scar on the skin. The imaging evaluation after the operation and the Harris score show no difference between the 2 groups. Patients are satisfied with their joint function and postoperative recovery.

Objective To investigate the bettertherapeutic method and clinical efficacy of discoid meniscus injury under arthroscope.Methods Forty-one patients with discoid meniscus injury were selected as our subjects from Nov.2011 to Feb.2013,who were treated by arthroscopic surgery and performed with meniscus plasty.Thirt-eight patients were received ultra Fast-fix meniscal repair system.Joint function exercises were performed on bed within 1 month after operation.Incomplete weight bearing were performed after 1 month postoperation.After 3 month postoperation,they were permitted for full weight bearing.Results All patients were treated successfully with surgery and no postoperative complications occurred.The patients were followed up from 3.0 to 18.0 months and average was 10.5 months.The preoperative Lysholm scores were(68.28 ±8.04)) lower than that at the postoperation (88.17 ± 7.49)) and the difference were significant (t =11.59,P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,according to Ikeuchi criterion,the outcomes were 28 cases with excellent,10 cases with good and 3 cases with general rank.Conclusion Discoid meniscus plasty and suture under arthroscope is proved to be a better approach with less trauma,recovery quickly and fewer complications.It should be a preferred method for discoid meniscus injury.

In order to provide morphological data and theoretical basis for pig-to-human hepatic xenotransplantation, the difference in morphological parameters and vessel wall structural factors between human and porcine hepatic portal vein was studied. From human subjects and pigs of varying ages, hepatic portal veins were collected, paraffin-embedded and cut into sections. The histological structures were stained with HE, and elastin, collagen and smooth muscles were stained with Weigert, Aniline blue and orange G, respectively. Morphological parameters and relative contents of structural components were determined under microscopy and by computer image analysis system, respectively. The results showed that histological structures of human and porcine hepatic portal vein wall were similar. Caliber, wall thickness, lumen and wall area in pigs increased with age, all in linear correlation to months. Morphological parameters of 6- month-old pigs were similar to those of human. In pigs, collagen content increased gradually with months, elastin content remained relatively stable, smooth muscle content reached the peak at the 3rd month, and collagen/elastin (C/E) rose gradually. The contents of collagen and elastin in porcine hepatic portal vein wall were lower, while the content of smooth muscle was higher than in human, and C/E at the 5th and 6th month was similar to that in human. It is concluded that morphological parameters and contents of structural components of porcine hepatic portal vein vary with age. At the 6 month, its caliber, wall thickness, lumen and wall area are similar to those of human. There are differences in contents of structural components between human and pigs. However, in terms of C/E, mechanic properties of pigs at the 5th and 6th month mimic those of human, hence inosculation is viable in xenotrans-plantation between pigs and human.
Collagen/*analysis ; Elastin/*analysis ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Liver Transplantation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Portal Vein/*anatomy & histology ; Portal Vein/chemistry ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Due to the poor repair and regeneration capacity of articular cartilage, traditional treatment cannot get satisfactory curative effect on it. However, tissue engineering provides a new way for repairing articular cartilage defects. Present research focus has come down to the following issues: the stability of cell characters and phenotypes during mass amplification of seed cells, the control of directional differentiation, the combination of multi-scaffold materials, the synergistic effect of multi-growth factors, the gene transfer technology for maintaining the expression of growth factors, etc. This article reviews the advances in seed cells, scaffold materials, growth factors of articular cartilage tissue engineering, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages as well as the research direction in the future.

BACKGROUND: So far it has not achieved satisfactory effects to use synthetic blood vessels (diameter＜ 6 mm) as the substitutes for human small arteries or veins when clinical reconstructive vascular operations are performed. So, study on the substitutes for small arteries and veins has been a problem demanding prompt solution at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the pressure-volume (P-V) relationship of umbilical cord vein of different gestational ages so as to provide theoretical basis of biomechanical properties for the clinical application of human umbilical cord vein as material for vascular grafting.DESIGN: Non-randomized controlled experiment.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Yunyang Medical College in June 2004. Umbilical cord veins of 50 normal fetuses were collected on spontaneous miscarriage or labor with the pregnant women's permission by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital. The gestational age of the fetuses ranged from 24 to 42 weeks and the pregnant women aged 20to 30 years. Among them, 8 cases with gestational age of 24-27 weeks,7cases 28-32 weeks,8 cases 33-36 weeks,4 cases 37 weeks,5 cases 38weeks, 5 cases 39 weeks , 5 cases 40 weeks , 4 cases 41 weeks and 4cases 42 weeks.INTERVENTIONS:Umbilical cord veins of 50 normal fetuses were collected. A 2-cm long segment of each umbilical cord was measured and labeled at both ends. Then they were cut off and put into normal saline (NS). The umbilical veins were carefully stripped from the cord; its two ends were fixed on the biomechanical experiment stand of soft tissues. The P-V relationship of fetal umbilical cord vein was measured, and then the compliance calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pressure, volume and compliance of different umbilical cord veincurve of pressure-volume relationship of the umbilical cord vein was similar at week 37 to 40 but decreased significantly at week 28 and week 42. After regression analysis twice, it was found that the absolute value of regression vein increased with the increasing of gestational age[24-27 weeks (2.22±0.34)cord vein collected at 37 to 40 weeks of gestational age was similar. When the umbilical cord veins older than 42 weeks or under 28 weeks were compared, there was significant difference in their compliance (F=65.84-86.52, P＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Human umbilical cord veins are good substitutes for The relationship between compliance and gestational age. Our studies suggest that the umbilical cord vein, whose gestational ages range from 37to 40 weeks, is a material of choice for the transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Due to the source of conspecific heart transplanted organ is limited and it becomes more and more deficient, and porcine cardiovascular system and haemodynamics are very similar to that of human being, therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have paid more attention on the heterogeneic heart transplantation from swine to human, and there are more and more basic studies about it.OBJECTIVE: To compare the zero-stress state of ascending aorta and pulmonary artery trunk between swine of different months and healthy persons, which provides necessary vascular tissue reconstruction basis for anastomosing vessel of heterogeneic heart transplantation from swine to human being.DESIGN: Open experiment.SETTING: Laboratory of Biomechanics, Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Biomechanics, Yunyang Medical College from October 2001 to September 2002. Human heart specimens were chosen from 6 male adult corpses who had no visible manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, aged 18 to 30 years. Informed consents were obtained from all the relatives. Totally 42 conspecific swine, aged one month, were also chosen and divided into 7 groups, named as 1,2,3,4,5,6 and ＞ 6 months groups respectively, with 6 in each group. Swine were anesthetized at 1,2,3,4,5,6,＞ 6 months respectively and sacrificed in each group.METHODS: The corresponding ascending aorta and pulmonary artery trunk were dissected and isolated. Each arterial anterior wall was labeled in situ with coloring pen, and then artery was shifted into the oxygen-saturated Kreb's solution. Five isometric vascular rings were divided along the axial direction, then each vascular ring was cut open along the radial direction. Opening angle of each vascular ring at zerostress state was measured and recorded by computer 20 minutes later(The included angel formed through connecting the middle point of inner wall of open vascular plane and two end points of inner wall). The experiment was conducted at room temperature 20-30 ℃. All the procedures of vascular samples were performed within 24 hours after subjects died.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measuring results of opening angle of ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk at zero-stress state of swine at different months and human being.RESULTS: ①Comparison of measuring results of opening angle of ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk between swine at different months and human being: Opening angle of ascending aorta of human being increased from (100.4±12.8)°at proximal end to (152.8±18.6)°at distal end. Opening angle of swine at different months increased from about 68°at proximal end to about 130°at distal end; Opening angel of pulmonary artery trunk of human being did not changed significantly along axial direction, and opening angel of pulmonary artery trunk of swine at different months increased from about 65° at proximal end to about 125°at distal end. There was significant difference of opening angle of ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk at zero-stress state between human being and swine (P=0.028 ＜ 0.05).But the opening angle of ascending aorta of human being was similar at the second segment to at the fourth and fifth segments of swine of different ages; Opening angle of each segment of pulmonary artery trunk of human being was close to that of proximal end (first and second segments) ofpulmonary artery trunk of swine.② Comparison of measuring results of ascending aorta and pulmonary artery trunk at zero-stress state of swine at different months: Opening angle of ascending aorta and pulmonary artery trunk of swine did not changed with the increase of age (P=-0.063 ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Opening angels of ascending aorta and pulmonary artery trunk at zero-stress state are close in some segments between human being and swine, suggesting that corresponding ascending aorta or pulmonary artery trunk can mutually anastomose in some segments in the heterogeneic heart transplantation from swine to human, and the effect of age is not significant in vascular reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the growth and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its effect on adenosine monophosphate activated pro-tein kinase (AMPK) activity.Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells cultured for 12,24,and 48 hours were treated with 200,300,and 400 mg/L concentration of astragalus polysaccharides.The cell inhibition rate was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),and apoptosis was observed under the fluorescence microscope.Western blot method was used to measure the expression of total AMPK,phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),and phosphorylate mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) protein expressions.Results Astragalus polysaccharides of each concentration significantly inhibited the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells (P ＜ 0.01),and the effect of 300 mg/L concentration astragalus polysaccharides was more significant than that of the 200 mg/L concentration (P ＜0.01);while inhibitory effect of 400 and 300 mg/L Astragalus polysaccharides on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was not significant difference.We found that Astragalus polysaccharides of each concentration could promote the apoptosis of HepG2 cells,and the effect of 300 mg/L Astragalus polysaccharides was more significant.However,astragalus polysaccharide of 400 mg/L concentration could promote the apoptosis no more than the 300 mg/L concentration,which was observed by fluorescent microscope.Western blot results showed that astragalus polysaccharides could increase the expression of p-AMPK (P ＜ 0.05),and inhibit its downstream protein expressions of p-mTOR (P ＜ 0.05).The proliferation effect of astragalus polysaccharides was weakened after accession of AMPK antagonist compound C on hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Conclusions APS can inhibit the growth and proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells,and its mechanism is related to the AMPK-mTOR pathway.

Granger causality model is an analysis method that requires no priori knowledge and emphasizes time sequence. Such model applied to brain effective connectivity network can reflect the directional connectivity among brain regions or neurons. This paper reviews the principle of Granger causality model, basic test steps and improved models, analyzes and discusses applications and existing problems of Granger causality model in brain effective connectivity network.
Brain ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons ; physiology

In order to provide morphological data and theoretical basis for pig-to-human hepatic xenotransplantation, the difference in morphological parameters and vessel wall structural factors between human and porcine hepatic portal vein was studied. From human subjects and pigs of varying ages, hepatic portal veins were collected, paraffin-embedded and cut into sections. The histological structures were stained with HE, and elastin, collagen and smooth muscles were stained with Weigert, Aniline blue and orange G, respectively. Morphological parameters and relative contents of structural components were determined under microscopy and by computer image analysis system, respectively. The results showed that histological structures of human and porcine hepatic portal vein wall were similar. Caliber, wall thickness, lumen and wall area in pigs increased with age, all in linear correlation to months. Morphological parameters of 6- month-old pigs were similar to those of human. In pigs, collagen content increased gradually with months, elastin content remained relatively stable, smooth muscle content reached the peak at the 3rd month, and collagen/elastin (C/E) rose gradually. The contents of collagen and elastin in porcine hepatic portal vein wall were lower, while the content of smooth muscle was higher than in human, and C/E at the 5th and 6th month was similar to that in human. It is concluded that morphological parameters and contents of structural components of porcine hepatic portal vein vary with age. At the 6 month, its caliber, wall thickness, lumen and wall area are similar to those of human. There are differences in contents of structural components between human and pigs. However, in terms of C/E, mechanic properties of pigs at the 5th and 6th month mimic those of human, hence inosculation is viable in xenotransplantation between pigs and human.