Lectin from green marine algae Enteromorpha intestinalis (EIL) was isolated by extraction with PBS, followed by ammonium sulfate fraction and a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-52 fiber and gel filtration on SephadexG-200. Lectin showed single band on both PAGE and isoelectrofocusing electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was 8.9 and molecular weight was 17783 tested on SephadexG-200. EIL displayed some agglutination activities with Chlamydomonas and erythrocytes of rabbit, common carp, crucian carp and human (A, B, AB, O), but the maximum agglutination was with crucian carp. The hemagglutinating activity for rabbit erythrocyte could not be inhibited by D-fructose, D-galactose, glucose, sucrose, mannose, lactose, bovine-thyroglobulin, egg albumin and gamma-globulin. The hemagglutinating activity of lectin would be showed at pH 4.0~10.2, and more potent at pH 6.9~8.0. The hemagglutinating activity was not affected at 90℃ for 1h, so it could be said that the lectin had high heat resistance.

Objective To prepare a recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A clade 4 ( PspA4) and to analyze its immunogenicity.Methods The gene encoding PspA4 protein was synthesized and inserted into pET-20b to construct the recombinant expression plasmid.The transformed E.coli strains carrying expression plasmid were induced to express PspA4 protein.ELISA was performed to analyze the ti-ters of PspA4-specific IgG in a mouse model.Results The recombinant PspA4 protein of high purity ( 90%) was successfully prepared.The titers of PspA4-specific antibody in mice received PspA4 immuniza-tion were 106 times higher than those of the blank control group, suggesting that the expressed PspA4 protein had the advantage of high immunogenicity.Conclusion This study suggested that the PspA4 protein might be used as one of the candidate protein for the development of pneumovax and laid a foundation for further in-vestigation on pneumococcal protein based vaccine.

Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) is closely related to human diseases including non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), infertility, premature membranes and neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Researches on the pathogenicity of UU have become a hot topic in recent years, and suggest that many potential pathogenicity genes or putative pathogenicity islands are involved in its virulence. Moreover, the biovar and serum types of UU, the infection concentration and the state of the host immune system are also important to determine whether UU can cause human disease or not. In this article the recent progress of researches in the pathogenicity of UU is reviewed.
Humans ; Infertility ; microbiology ; Serotyping ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; pathogenicity ; Urethritis ; microbiology

Objective To ensure the medical security of the astronauts,new targeted strategies were adopted after summarizing the experience in Chinese astronauts rescue and medical aid at the main landing site,the specialty and characteristics of landing were analysied.Methods Search the publications about astronaut medical aid domestic and abroad,summarize the rescue and medical aid experiences from Shenzhou 5 to Shenzhou 10.In consideration of prolonged on-orbit time,the cold weather conditions at the landing zone of Shenzhou 11,new targeted strategies were presented.Results On the basis of the original helicopter emergency platform and first aid equipment,the emergency aid procedures were optimized,personal warm clothing,a heat preservation box,insulation blanket,self-heating pads and intraosseous rapid infusion system were used to ensure the medical security of astronauts in cold weather at the main landing site.Conclusions With the procedures optimized and the targeted strategies performed,the astronauts' s rescue and medical aid project was fully meet the cold and complex conditions at main landing site.

OBJECTIVEOur objective is to build a model that explains the association between the exposure to trace elements in the soil and the risk of neural tube defects.

METHODSWe built a function with different parameters to describe the effects of trace elements on neural tube defects. The association between neural tube defects and trace element levels was transformed into an optimization problem using the maximum likelihood method.

RESULTSTin, lead, nickel, iron, copper, and aluminum had typical layered effects (dosage effects) on the prevalence of neural tube defects. Arsenic, selenium, zinc, strontium, and vanadium had no effect, and molybdenum had one threshold value that affected the prevalence of birth defects.

CONCLUSIONAs an exploratory research work, our model can be used to determine the direction of the effect of the trace element content of cultivated soil on the risk of neural tube defects, which shows the clues by the dosage effect of their toxicological characteristics. Based on our findings, future biogeochemical research should focus on the direct effects of trace elements on human health.

China ; epidemiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Metals ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Soil Pollutants ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Trace Elements ; chemistry ; toxicity

Objective:To observe the effects of intervention based on self-regulation mode on illness perception, medical coping styles and quality of life of patients with psoriasis.Methods:Eighty patients with psoriasis from February 2018 to August 2019 in Qinhuangdao First Hospital were selected and divided into two groups by random digits table method, 40 patients in each group. The control group was given routine intervention, and the experimental group was given intervention based on self-regulation mode. The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) scores, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) scores, dermatologylifequalityindex (DLQI) scores and compliance of the two groups were compared before and after intervention.Results:There was no significant difference in the score of IPQ-R, MCMQ, DLQI before intervention between the two groups( P>0.05). After intervention, scores of symptoms, disease perception and causes of the disease in IPQ-R were (7.24±0.75), (162.34±20.35), (76.23±8.65) points in the experimental group and (6.08±0.72), (123.26±18.57), (52.79±7.84) points in the control group, there were significant differences between the two groups ( t values were 7.057, 8.972, 12.699, P<0.01). In the MCMQ, facing score,avoidance score and yielding score were (25.67±2.83), (12.26±1.84), (9.12±1.24) points in the experimental group, (21.76±3.89), (14.35±2.48), (10.45±1.68) points in the control group, there were significant differences between the two groups ( t values were 5.141, -4.280, -4.028, P<0.01). The DLQI scores of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group ( t values were 2.648-8.244, P<0.05 or 0.01), and compliance of experimental group (97.5%, 39/40) was significantly better than control group (80.00%, 32/40) with statistically significant( Z value was 40.000, P<0.01). Conclusions:Intervention based on self-regulation mode can effectively reduce negative emotions of patients with psoriasis, increase their illness perception and compliance, improve their medical coping styles, self-management ability and quality of life, with positive application value.

Objective To analyze the aminoglycoside ( AG ) antibiotics resistance rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ( CRKP ) and its molecular mechanisms.Methods One hundred and four strains of CRKP isolated from 4 hospitals in Zhejiang Province from January 2013 to June 2014 were collected, including 56 strains from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine ( S hospital ), 22 from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine ( Z hospital), 13 from Yiwu TCM Hospitals (Y Hospital) and 13 from Fuyang First People's Hospital (F Hospital).VITEK 2 Compact method and K-B disk method were used to detect the susceptibility of commonly used antibiotics including three kinds of AGs (kanamycin, gentamycin and amikacin ).PCR and sequencing techniques were used to screen the aminoglycoside resistance -related 16S rRNA methylation genes (rmtA, rmtB and armA) and the aminoglycoside modified enzyme resistance gene [aac(6′)Ⅰb].The relationship between drug resistance and carrier status of drug resistance genes was analyzed .Homologous analysis of rmtB-positive strains was performed using PFGE to examine the epidemic spread of strains in each hospital.Results All 104 CRKP strains were multi-drug resistant and had high resistance to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones ( ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin ) and nitrofurantoin.The resistance rates to gentamicin, kanamycin and amikacin were 73.1%(76/104), 64.4%(67/104) and 56.7%(59/104), respectively.The carrying rates of aminoglycoside-resistance genes were: rmtB 56.7%( 59/104 ), aac (6′)Ⅰb 17.3%(18/104), armA 1.9%(2/104); while no rmtA was detected.Thirty-seven strains did not carry the screened genes.Amikacin-resistant strains were resistant to both kanamycin and gentamicin, and both were rmtB-positive strains.The PFGE classification results showed that 104 strains were divided into 11 clonal populations, and there were scattered non-population clones in each hospital. There were seven major clonal populations (Ⅰ-Ⅶ) carrying rmtB genes, of which typeⅠ, typeⅢand typeⅤwere prevalent in S hospital ; typeⅡ, typeⅥand TypeⅦwere popular in Z hospital ; the distribution of strains in Y hospital was scattered ; F hospital had one independent clone type Ⅳ(3 strains).Conclusion AGs still have certain sensitivity to CRKP strains.The main mechanism of strain resistance to AGs is the rmtB gene-mediated 16S rRNA methylase.

Objective To summarize the medical security experience in first-aid and resuscitation for astronauts at the exit of capsule after the spacecraft returns to the main landing site in the process of human spaceflight in China,and thus to provide a powerful security measures for Chinese aerospace medicine.Methods The medical support experiences were summarized in human spaceflight from "Shenzhou V" to "Shenzhou X",relevant reports on emergency rescue and resuscitation were consulted in in-orbit process and after emergency return and landing for domestic and foreign astronauts,astronauts' physiological changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed during emergency return,and then,corresponding strategies were proposed and tested in practice (actual combat) by combining with the flight characteristics of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI".Results On the basis of the original emergency treatment,the countermeasures for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation were proposed after the spacecraft returned to the main landing site in human spaceflight,the emergency equipment was adjusted,the emergency procedures were optimized,and anti-fog glidescopes were added,laryngeal masks were introduced to perform supraglottic ventilation as the quickest and most effective airway opening measure on site.In addition,ultrasound examination was applied in practice as an important treatment and assessment method for basic life support and advanced life support.All these could ensure the rescuing ability on cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their stay in space for the medium-term and after their return to the main landing site.Conclusions During the return of the astronauts of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI" to the main landing site,the first aid and support program had been improved specifically and the process had been optimized to ensure the successful completion of medical security mission of China's human spaceflight.

We studied the effect of celastrol on the proliferation and apoptosis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells. After treating adult T-cell leukemia cell lines with different concentrations of celastrol, we analyzed the cell proliferation by MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect cell apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assay were done to study the mechanism how celastrol suppressed the growth of adult T-cell leukemia cells. Celastrol could significantly inhibit the proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells, and induce apoptosis of ATL cells. With the increase of the concentration of celastrol, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated. The Caspase-3/7 protein was cleaved and activated after treatment with celastrol. Moreover, the expression of HTLV-1-encoded viral protein Tax was significantly inhibited in the celastrol treated cells. Taken together, these results indicated that celastrol effectively inhibited the proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family protein, and induced cell apoptosis by activating Caspase dependent pathway. In addition, celastrol could inhibit the expression of viral protein Tax. This study will provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of celastrol in the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia.