Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of propofol on anoxia / reoxygenation injury to primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Methods Newborn (

Objective To investigate the protective effects of pharmacological preconditioning with diazoxide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, against anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury to primarily cultured hippocampal neurons of newborn Wistar rats and the mechanism involved and the effects of diazoxide preconditioning on A/R-induced neuronal apoptosis. Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons prepared by enzymatic digestion of hippocampus isolated from newborn (

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of anesthetizing patients with propofol-remifentanil given by TCI targeting effect-site vs plasma. Methods Forty-four ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients aged 20 -65 yr undergoing laparascopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups : group P targeting plasma concentration (n = 22) and group E targeting effect-site concentration ( n - 22) . The patients were given midazolam 1 mg and scopolamine 0.3 nig i. v. in the operating room before anesthesia. Auditory evoked potential, BP, HR and SpO2 monitoring were started before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil given by TCL using two Graseby 3500 infusion pumps. The target concentration of propofol was set at 4 ?g ? ml-1 and remifentanii at 2 ng ? ml -1 . Remifentanil infusion was started 2 min before propofol infusion. When the patients lost consciousness (no response to patting and request for eye-opening), succinylcholine 2 mg?kg-1 was given i. v. to facilitate intubation. Intubation score was assessed. The time required for loss of consciousness after TCI of propofol was started (TLOC), the amount of propofol and remifentanil infused and auditory evoked potential index (AAIs) when the patients lost consciousness were recorded. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8-10 ml, RR 10 bpm) and PETCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O inhalation, TCI of propofol - remifentanil and intermittent i.v. boluses of vecuronium. Propofol -remifentanil target concentrations were titrated against AAIs value below 20 during maintenance of anesthesia. At the end of operation quality of anesthesia was evaluated. The total amount of propofol and remifentanil consumed were recorded. Aldrate post anesthetic recovery score and postoperative pain score were also assessed. Results TLOC was significantly shorter in group E [(0.45 ?0.1) min] than that in group P (0.86 ? 0.3 min) ( P

Objective To compare the effects of desflurane, enflurane and isoflurane on onset time,duration of action and recovery time of pipecuronium. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients aged 18-60yr weighing40-80 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) desflurane group (n = 10); (2) enflurane group(n = 10) and(3) isoflurane group (n = 10). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pethidine 1 mg?kg~(-1) andatropine 0 .01 mg?kg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0. 03 mg?kg~(-1), propofol 0.5-1 .0 mg?kg~(-1)andfentanyl 2?g?kg~(-1) .When the patients fell asleep neuromuscular function was monitored by accelerography usingTOF stimulation. Pipecuronium 0.045 mg?kg~(-1) was given i. v. as soon as T_1 was 100 % blocked (T_1= 0), anotherdose of propofol was given, making the total dose of propofol amount to 2.5 mg' kg?kg~(-1).Tracheal intubation wasperformed. The patients were mechanically ventilated and P_(ET) CO_2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Desflurane oreaflurane or isoflurane was inhaled with N_2O-O_2(2: 1) .The end-tidal desflurane, enflurane or isofluraneconcentration was maintained at 0. 65 MAC(desflurane= 3. 9 %, enflurane = 1. 1 %, isoflurane = 0. 75 % ). Duringoperation when deeper anesthesia was needed intermittent i. v. blouses of fentanyl were given. The onset time, thetime needed for T_1 to return to 5 %, 10 %,25 %, 50 %,75 % of control and recovery index were recouled andcompared among the three groups.Results The demographic data including age, weight, sex and types ofoperation were not significantly different among the 3 groups. Three were no significant differences in onset time,recovery time (time for T_1 to return to 5 %, 10 %,25 %,50 % and 75 % of control) and recovery index amongthe 3 groups. Conclusion Desflurane can prolong the duration of action and recovery time of pipecuronium justlike enflurane and isoflurane but there were no significant differences among the 3 groups.

0.05) . The sensory block reached T7 in levobupivacaine group and T6 in bupivacaine group respectively. The motor blocked was somewhat more intense in bupivacaine group. Conclusion The efficacy and safety of epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine are comparable.

Objective To evaluate the safety of plasma volume replacement with HAES 130/0.4 during non-cardiac surgery in terms of hemodynamic stability, blood gases, hepato-renal function, blood coagulation and adverse reactions. Methods This was a five center prospective study comparing the safety and efficacy of HAES 130/0.4(6%) with HAES 200/0.5(6%)in a double-blind fashion. The selection criteria included ASA Ⅰ Ⅱ patients of both sex, aged 18-65yrs undergoing non-cardiac surgery of which the intraoperative blood loss was expected to exceed 400ml. Patients whose Hb

Objective To compare the effect of ropivacaine mesylate with ropivacaine HC1 for patient-controlled epidural analgesia ( PCEA) after transabdominal hysterectomy. Methods Forty-four ASA 1 or D patients aged 18-65 yrs weighing 45-80 kg undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy performed under epidural anesthesia with either 0.75% ropivacaine HO (control group, n = 22) or 0.894% ropivacaine mesylate (study group, n= 22) . An epidural catheter was placed at L2,3 and advanced 3 cm into the epidural space. After operation PCEA was performed with 0.2% ropivacaine HCl ( control group) or 0.237 % ropivacaine mesylate (study group) respectively. Postoperative pain was assessed using VAS (0-10, 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) . Motor blockade was assessed using the Bromage scoring system. The patients' satisfaction level and adverse events were also recorded. Results There were no significant differences in VAS scores, motor blockade and incidence of adverse events between the two groups. The number of effective pressing in study group was significantly less than that in control group. Starting from 4h after operation the drug consumption in study group was significantly less than that in control group. Conclusion 0.237 % ropivacaine mesylate can be used for PCEA after transabdominal hysterectomy as safely as 0.2% ropivacaine HCl.

Objective: This trial was designed to study the profile of the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in balance anesthesia. Method:Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients undergoing abdominal surgery were admitted to this study. All patients were anesthetized with balance anesthesia technique,which received delivered concentration(FD)of 6% desflurane in a fresh gas(O_2: N_2O=1:2)inflow of 3L/min until end-tidal target concentration(FA)of 3% des flurane was obtained, then the FD was adjusted to maintain the target concentration, 30 min later the inflow was decreased to 1.5L/min. As well as nitrous oxide,oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at the common gas outlet and the endotracheal tube connector respectively. At same time fentanyl and atracurium were given as necessary. The SpO_2,BP,and HR were also measured. We observed the time of target concentration reached during wash-in period, and also the time of FA: FAO = 1/2 during wash-out period at the end of operation. Result: During the first 30 min of 3L/min flow administration,the target concentration was obtained at 2.9 min,and was kept stable during the whole procedure,even during low flow(1.5L/min)it was not required to increase the FD to maintain FA at the target concentration. The wash-out time of FA:FAO= 1/2 was 2.0 min from stopping adminstration. The time of spontaneous breath recovery, open eye, extubation.reciting of name and birthday and discharge from recovery room was 6, 5.8.6,9.0,12.0 and 30 min respectively. The parameters of cardiac function were stable during operation. Con clusion: During the balance anesthesia with desflurane.even at relative low flow.the FD of desflurane provides a reasortable surrogate of FI and FA. The lower solubility of desflurane favors its safe use in low-flow technique.and the anesthesia depth can be controlled more easy.

Objective: To investigate perioperative changes of gastrointramucosal pH (pHi) in major operative patients. Method: Six patients underwent major abdominopelvie operation with radial artery and internal jugular vein catheters, and nasogastric tonometries in place. The phi and hemodynamic, oxygen, and metabolic variables were measured simutaneously before anesthesia, 30 minutes after anesthetic induction, during intraoperation, at the end of operation, and the first 24 hours postoperatively. Result: There was significant decrease in mean pHi(P

0.05). Conclusion:The effect of intravenous vecuronium made in Xianju Pharmaceutical Co. for neuromuscular blockade is definite and safe.