OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects and side effects of recombinant erytropoietin(rEPO)on patients with anemia in chronic renal failure(CRF).METHODS:128 patients with anemia in CRF had been given rEPO by subcutaneous injection for12weeks,the clinical effects were observed by own control method.RESULTS:Excellence cases amounted 91,efficacy cases33,and the overall efficacy rate was96.88%;The side effects included hypertension,coagulation in dialysis machine,pain in injection site and head,no severe adverse drug reactions were found;No degradation in renal function was found in non-dialysis patients during the medication.CONCLUSIONS:rEPO could improve anemia in CRF safely and effectively.

Objective To analyze the periopemtive blood loss of elderly patients with intertrochanter fracture that fixed with proximal femoral nail-antirotation (PFNA),and to explore the risk factor influencing the perioperative blood loss following PFNA fixation.Methods The clinical data of 62 elderly patients with intemochanter fracture treated with PFNA were analyzed retrospectively to determine the perioperative obvious blood loss and hidden blood loss.The impact of gender,age and fracture type on blood loss was also analyzed.Results The obvious blood loss of 62 patients was (120.6 ±42.0) ml,which accounted for 15.5％ in total blood loss [(775.8 ± 129.6) ml].The hidden blood loss was (655.2 ± 109.1) ml,which accounted for 84.5％ in total blood loss.The hidden blood loss was much more than obvious blood loss (P＜ 0.01).The total blood loss,obvious blood loss,hidden blood loss was (773.3 ± 131.5),(122.5 ± 44.1),(650.8± 114.2) mlinmahgroup (20cases),(777.0± 124.7),(119.7±40.2),(657.3 ± 107.7) ml in female group (42 cases),and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The total blood loss,obvious blood loss was (813.1 ± 107.5),(117.7 ±49.7) ml in advanced age group (35 cases),(727.4 ± 114.3),(124.4 ± 36.6) ml in non-advanced age group (27 cases),and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞0.05).The hidden blood loss was (695.4 ±74.1) ml in advanced age group,(603.0 ± 65.3) ml in non-advanced age group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05).The total blood loss,obvious blood loss,hidden blood loss was (578.1 ±82.3),(68.5 ±23.1),(509.6 ±63.1) ml in stable group (14 cases),(833.5 ±84.1),(135.8 ±35.0),(697.7 ±79.3) ml in unstable group (48 cases),and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hidden blood loss is the major part of perioperative blood loss of elderly patients with intertrochanter fractures that fixed with PFNA.Advanced age and unstable fracture type are risk factors of hidden blood loss.

Objective To explore the relationship between different hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical time and outcome of treatment with surgical methods of HICH.Methods A total of 1310 patients were admitted from six hospitals from January 2004 to January 2008,the 1310 patients were divided into six groups according to different operation:craniotomy through bone flap (group A),craniotomy through small bone window (group B),stereotactic drilling drainage (group C1 and group C2),neuron-endoscopy operation (group D) and external ventricular drainage (group E),considering hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical time and result of surgical methods were reviewed and analyzed.Results ①Craniotomy through bone flap should be selected with the case of superficial or deep hematoma volume (＞ 80 mL),median line structure distinct motion,metaphase or advanced stage of hernia of brain.②Craniotomy through small bone window and neuron-endoscopy should be selected with the case of moderate hematoma volume (50-80 mL) ③Drilling drainage should be selected with the case of small hematoma volume in superficial or deep hematoma volume (20-50 mL) ④Extemal drainage should be selected in dealing with ventricular hemorrhage.Small bone window or neuron-endoscopy should be selected in ventricular casting mould.⑤The appropriate operation time for patients with hematoma volume less than 80 mL should be 6-12 hours and large hematoma should be immediately operated to save lives.The operation time should depend on patients detail condition.Conclusions Craniotomy through bone flap was suitable for large hematoma and hernia of brain; Stereotactic drilling drainage should be selected in patients with hematoma volume less than 80mL; and the operation results in dealing with HICH would be improved via suitable operation time and surgical methods and adividual according to Hemorrhage position and Hemorrhage volume.

Objective To review the effects of preventive management during the operation for post-operative chylothorax in patients with lung cancer of state Ⅲ. Methods Total 425 patients underwent pulmonary resection (at least lobectomy) and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection for lung cancer of state Ⅲ from January 1998 to June 2005. Took some especial management during the operation to prevent post-operative chylothorax in 132 patients after March 2004. According to the surgical procedure,all patients were divided into preventive group and non-preventive group. Results There were 14 patients (4.8%) with post-operative chylothorax in the group of inchoate 293 patients before March 2004. Only 1 patient (0.07%) among 132 patients who underwent treatment for chylothorax during the operation after March 2004 had post-operative chylothorax (P

To analyze the molecular basis of the variation of the pathogenicity of the influenza B virus, we rescued a recombinant virus with a deletion in the carboxyl terminal of the NS1 protein using reverse genetics based on the parental virus B-S9 of B/Yamagata/16/88. A mutant strain with a deletion of 171 amino acids in the carboxyl terminal of the NS1 protein was named "B-L5". BALB/c mice were inoculated with 3 X 105 EID50 of B-L5 and the parental virus B-S9, respectively. Then, weight changes, survival, and viral titers were documented. During 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) to 7 dpi, the weight of mice infected with B-S9 decreased. However, the weight of mice infected with B-L5 showed weight decreases only at 2 dpi, and quickly recovered at 3 dpi. B-S9 and B-L5 could replicate in the lungs of BALB/c mice. However, viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with B-L5 were 7900-times lower than those of mice infected with B-S9 at 3 dpi. Viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with B-L5 were not detected at 6 dpi. These results showed that, compared with the parent virus B-S9, the mutant virus B-L5 showed lower pathogenicity in BALB/c mice. Our study suggests that deletion of the carboxyl terminal of the NS1 protein decreases the pathogenicity of the influenza B virus. Establishment of a reverse-genetics system for the B influenza virus will provide a platform for studying its pathogenesis, and mechanism of transmission, and for developing live-attenuated influenza B virus vaccines.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Dogs ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza B virus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Sequence Deletion ; Survival Analysis ; Viral Load ; genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Virulence

In recent years, with the continuous research of surgical robot technology in various countries in the world, robot-assisted surgery has made great progress. Because of its characteristics of minimally invasive, accurate and less complications, it is more widely used in clinical applications. Cranio-maxillofacial surgery robots are still in the research stage, and digital technologies such as surgical navigation systems, mixed reality systems, artificial intelligence, etc. that can be combined with them are still inadequate. This article reviews the research status and application of craniofacial surgery robots and looks forward to its future development direction.

Objective:To investigate the application value of the diagnostic and surgical method for asymmetric prominent mandibular angle assisted by digital surgical design.Methods:The data of the females in Han nationality with prominent mandibular angle from December 2010 to December 2020 in the Department of Digital Plastic Surgery of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were analyzed retrospectively. ProPlan CMF 3.0 software was used to preoperatively mirror the patient’s three-dimensional(3D) model to obtain a diagnosis. The characteristics of bilateral differences of asymmetry of mandible were evaluated, and the surgical method were analyzed. The effect of surgery was objectively evaluated by indicators such as gonion point width (Go-W), condyle apex height (Co-H), and mandibular angle(Ag). SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the data were tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the result were in line with the normal distribution. The data were expressed in Mean±SD, and the paired t-test was used to compare the measurement result of the indicators on both sides of the mandible, and P<0.05 was a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 30 female patients, aged from 18 to 39 years, were included. Preoperative 3D model measurements showed a longer mandibular ascending branch on one side of the mandible (long side) and a more extrusion of the mandibular angle on the other side (prominent side), which was treated with a modified surgical method of mandibular angle osteotomy. The height of the osteotomy line on the long side was the height of the exuberant osteotomy line + the height difference between the two sides, and the thickness of the outer plate grinding on the protrusion side was the thickness of the outer plate grinding on the long side + the width difference between the two sides. Both the preoperative pogonion and menton points were far from the long side of the mandible and biased towards the prominent side. The height, width and mandibular angle of the marker points on both sides of the mandible were compared, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). Among them, the asymmetrical difference between Go-W, Co-H and Ag was the largest, which could be used to evaluate the effect of surgery. The differences between Go-W, Co-H and Ag before and after surgery on the long side of the mandible were (1.10±2.05) mm, (12.84±2.96) mm, (-17.75±5.16)°, and the differences between the three indicators on the prominent side were (4.24±1.64) mm, (10.95±3.25) mm, (-14.87±5.14)°, respectively, and the differences between preoperative and postoperative comparisons were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The asymmetric differences between the three indicators on both sides of the mandible after surgery were (-0.32±2.30) mm, (-0.02±0.37) mm, (-0.01±1.87)°, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). All patients had no complications such as hematoma and infection after surgery, and the patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. Conclusions:Asymmetric hypertrophy mandibular angle can be reconstructed by the patient’s preoperative 3D model to accurately measure the differences between the two sides of the mandible. This design can effectively guide the surgical method, improve the symmetry of the patient’s bilateral mandible, and achieve better aesthetic effects on the face.

In recent years, with the continuous research of surgical robot technology in different countries in the world, robot-assisted surgery has made great progress.Because of its ddvantages, such as of minimally invasive, accurate and less complications, it is more widely used in clinical applications.Cranio-maxillofacial surgery robots are still in the research stage, and digital technologies such as surgical navigation systems, mixed reality systems, artificial intelligence, etc. that can be combined with them are still inadequate.This article reviews the research status and application of craniofacial surgery robots and proposes its future development direction.

In recent years, with the continuous research of surgical robot technology in various countries in the world, robot-assisted surgery has made great progress. Because of its characteristics of minimally invasive, accurate and less complications, it is more widely used in clinical applications. Cranio-maxillofacial surgery robots are still in the research stage, and digital technologies such as surgical navigation systems, mixed reality systems, artificial intelligence, etc. that can be combined with them are still inadequate. This article reviews the research status and application of craniofacial surgery robots and looks forward to its future development direction.

Objective:To investigate the application value of the diagnostic and surgical method for asymmetric prominent mandibular angle assisted by digital surgical design.Methods:The data of the females in Han nationality with prominent mandibular angle from December 2010 to December 2020 in the Department of Digital Plastic Surgery of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were analyzed retrospectively. ProPlan CMF 3.0 software was used to preoperatively mirror the patient’s three-dimensional(3D) model to obtain a diagnosis. The characteristics of bilateral differences of asymmetry of mandible were evaluated, and the surgical method were analyzed. The effect of surgery was objectively evaluated by indicators such as gonion point width (Go-W), condyle apex height (Co-H), and mandibular angle(Ag). SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the data were tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the result were in line with the normal distribution. The data were expressed in Mean±SD, and the paired t-test was used to compare the measurement result of the indicators on both sides of the mandible, and P<0.05 was a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 30 female patients, aged from 18 to 39 years, were included. Preoperative 3D model measurements showed a longer mandibular ascending branch on one side of the mandible (long side) and a more extrusion of the mandibular angle on the other side (prominent side), which was treated with a modified surgical method of mandibular angle osteotomy. The height of the osteotomy line on the long side was the height of the exuberant osteotomy line + the height difference between the two sides, and the thickness of the outer plate grinding on the protrusion side was the thickness of the outer plate grinding on the long side + the width difference between the two sides. Both the preoperative pogonion and menton points were far from the long side of the mandible and biased towards the prominent side. The height, width and mandibular angle of the marker points on both sides of the mandible were compared, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). Among them, the asymmetrical difference between Go-W, Co-H and Ag was the largest, which could be used to evaluate the effect of surgery. The differences between Go-W, Co-H and Ag before and after surgery on the long side of the mandible were (1.10±2.05) mm, (12.84±2.96) mm, (-17.75±5.16)°, and the differences between the three indicators on the prominent side were (4.24±1.64) mm, (10.95±3.25) mm, (-14.87±5.14)°, respectively, and the differences between preoperative and postoperative comparisons were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The asymmetric differences between the three indicators on both sides of the mandible after surgery were (-0.32±2.30) mm, (-0.02±0.37) mm, (-0.01±1.87)°, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). All patients had no complications such as hematoma and infection after surgery, and the patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. Conclusions:Asymmetric hypertrophy mandibular angle can be reconstructed by the patient’s preoperative 3D model to accurately measure the differences between the two sides of the mandible. This design can effectively guide the surgical method, improve the symmetry of the patient’s bilateral mandible, and achieve better aesthetic effects on the face.