To study the phenolic constituents from the dry stem of Juncus effusus L. , the constituents were isolated by normal-phase and reverse-phase silica gel column chromatography from the EtOAc extract. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Six phenolic constituents were purified and identified as 7-carboxy-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-vinyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1) , 2,3-isopylidene-1-O-ferulic acid glyceride ( 2 ) , ( 2S )-2, 3-isopylidene-1-0-p-coumaroyl glyceride (3 ) , dehydroeffusal ( 4 ) , p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5) and luteolin-5,3'-dimethyl ether (6). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds. Compounds 5 and 6 were isolated from Juncaceae plant for the first time. 13C NMR data of compound 6 were reported for the first time.
Anthracenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Benzaldehydes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo validate the therapeutic efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSEighty PE patients up to the inclusion criteria were equally randomized to an experimental and a control group. We observed all the patients for 4 weeks and recorded the baseline data on intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and sexual satisfaction scores, followed by oral medication of paroxetine at 20 mg/d for the patients in the experimental group and placebo for the controls. Thirty days after the treatment, we again recorded IELT and sexual satisfaction scores of the patients.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, the experimental group showed significantly prolonged IELT ([5.75 +/- 1.24] min) and increased sexual satisfaction score (6.4 +/- 1.2) as compared with the baseline data ([0.89 +/- 0.21] min and [2.7 +/- 0.9]) (P < 0.01). The control group exhibited no significant differences before and after the medication either in the mean IELT or in sexual satisfaction scores ([1.06 +/- 0.28] min vs [0.97 +/- 0.18] min and 3.6 +/- 1.3 vs 3.1 +/- 1.1, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOral medication of paroxetine at 20 mg/d for 30 days could improve IELT and sexual satisfaction in PE patients.

Adult ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male ; Paroxetine ; therapeutic use ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

To study the triterpenoid constituents from air-dried whole plants of Lycopodium obscurum L., the constituents were isolated by normal-phase and reverse-phase silica gel column chromatography from the EtOAc extract. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. Five triterpenoids were purified and identified as 3beta, 19alpha-dihydroxy-20beta-acetate-serrat-14-en-21beta-ol (1), serratenediol (2), alpha-onocerin (3), 26-nor-8-oxo-alpha-onocerin (4), (3beta, 8beta, 14alpha, 21alpha)-26, 27-dinoronocerane-3, 8, 14, 21-tetrol (5). Compound 1 is a new serratane-type triterpene and compound 5 is isolated from this plant for the first time.
Lycopodium ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective: To observe the safety and clinical efficacy of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell(DC) vaccine in treatment of advanced malignant tumor.Methods: Ninety-one patients with non-small cell lung cancer,colon and rectal cancer,melanoma,renal carcinoma,breast cancer and other malignant tumors were enrolled in this study.All patients met the selecting standard and signed informed consent.Human dendritic cells were obtained from peripheral blood monocytes by culturing them with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4.DC vaccine was prepared from tumor antigen pulsed immature dendritic cells in vitro.Patients received the vaccine therapy once every week and one cycle was defined as once every week for 3 weeks.Results: All the patients received 96 cycles of DC vaccine treatment.Symptoms of toxicity included fever,shivering,aching pain of muscle,asthenia,itching,stifle and transient fatigue;most of the symptoms automatically recovered.Clinical efficacy of the treatment was evaluated in 76 patients.Thirty-one of the 76 patients were stable after treatment and 45 were in progressive situation,with the clinical benefiting rate being 40.8%.Eighty-five patients were followed up.The median time for progression was 2.6 months;the overall survival time was 0.9-30.6 months;and the median survival period was 4.5 months,with the one year survival rate being 9.2%.Conclusion: The results suggest that the DC vaccine therapy is well tolerated in treating patients with advanced malignant tumors and has satisfactory clinical benefit;the clinical value of DC vaccine therapy needs to be further observed.

Objective To explore the relationship between T lymphocyte subsets and both glioma malignancy and its prognosis, and determine a clinical immunologic index for evaluating preoperative glioma malignancy and its prognosis. Methods The data of 117 inpatients with primary intracranial tumors, including glioma (n=85) and meningioma (n=32), were retrospectively analyzed. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to detect the preoperative contents of T lymphocyte subsets on 32 patients with meningioma and patients with glioma, including 45 high-grade glioma (WHO, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) and 40 low-grade glioma (WHO, grade Ⅰ -Ⅱ); and then the differences of their immunologic indexes were analyzed. Based on the detection result of T lymphocyte subsets, patients with glioma were divided into two groups: CD4~+CD8~+<1 and CD4~+CD8~+>1. Follow-up for 3-5 years was performed and the survival difference of these two groups was analyzed. Results Patients with high-grade glioma showed a decreased ratio of CD4~+CD8~+ and an increased value of CD8~+ with significant difference as compared with patients with low-grade glioma (P<0.05); patients with high-grade glioma showed a decreased ratio of CD4~+CD8~+, and an increased value of CD8~+ with statistical significance compared with patients with meningioma (P <0.05); patients with low-grade glioma showed a decreased ratio of CD4~+CD8~+ with statistical significance compared with the patients with meningioma (P<0.05). Patients with glioma showed a decreased ratio of CD4~+CD8~+ and CD4~+, and an increased CD8~+ with statistical significance compared with patients with meningioma (P<0.05). After follow-up for 3-5 years, 48 patients with glioma was found in the CD4~+CD8~+>1 group with 21 death (43.8%) and 31 months as a median survival time; 37 patients with glioma was found in the CD4~+CD8~+<1 group with 23 death (62.2%) and 16 months as a median survival time. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The prognosis is poor in patients with low ratio of CD4~+CD8~+. The preoperative level of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, correlated to the glioma malignancy, can be considered as an index to evaluate the glioma malignancy and the prognosis in patients with glioma.

Objective To analyze the clinical courses and outcomes of COVID-19 cases and the influencing factors in Guangdong province and provide basis for the formulation or adjustment of medical care and epidemic control strategy for COVID-19. Methods We collected demographic data, medical histories, clinical courses and outcomes of 1 350 COVID-19 patients reported in Guangdong as of 4 March 2020 via epidemiological investigation and process tracking. Disease severity and clinical course characteristics of the patients and influencing factors of severe illness were analyzed in our study. Results Among 1 350 cases of COVID-19 cases in Guangdong, 72 (5.3%) and 1049 (77.7%) were mild and ordinary cases, 164 (12.1%) were severe cases, 58 (4.3%) were critical cases and 7 (0.5%) were fatal. The median duration of illness were 23 days ( P 25 - P 75 : 18-31 days) and the median length of hospitalization were 20 days ( P 25 - P 75 : 15-27 days). For severe cases, the median time of showing severe manifestations was on the 12th day after onset ( P 25 - P 75 : 9th to 15th days), and the median time of severe manifestation lasted for 8 days P 25 - P 75 : 4-14 days). Among 1 066 discharged/fetal cases, 36.4% (36/99) and 1.0% (1/99) of the mild cases developed to ordinary cases and severe cases respectively after admission; and 5.2% (50/968) and 0.6% (6/968) of the ordinary cases developed to severe cases, and critical cases respectively after admission. In severe cases, 11.4% developed to critical cases (10/88). The influencing factors for severe illness or worse included male (a HR =1.87, 95% CI : 1.43-2.46), older age (a HR =1.67, 95% CI : 1.51-1.85), seeking medical care on day 2-3 after onset (a HR =1.73, 95% CI : 1.20-2.50) pre-existing diabetes (a HR =1.75, 95% CI : 1.12-2.73) and hypertension (a HR =1.49, 95% CI : 1.06-2.09). Conclusions The course of illness and length of hospitalization of COVID-19 cases were generally long and associated with severity of disease clinical outcomes. The severe cases were mainly occurred in populations at high risk. In the epidemic period, classified management of COVID-19 cases should be promoted according to needs for control and prevention of isolation and treatment for the purpose of rational allocation of medical resources.

The quality definition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a hot area in modern research of TCM. In recent years, the characteristics of one herb with multiple effects have been widely accepted and studied. The typical opposite-effect of herbs is considered as a special part of one herb with multiple effects, and was summarized in this paper. Sanqi was used as an example of opposite-effect herbs for developing the strategies and approaches on the Q-markers. The traditional opposite-effect should be studied by modern pharmacological research methods. The correlation of the chemical components with the opposite effects should be established in order to verify the material basis and evaluate the mechanism including targets and pathways. The unique characteristics of chemical components should be analyzed and defined. Finally, the Q-markers of the opposite effect herb will be confirmed. This paper provides a useful reference for the precise quality control of herbal opposite-effects.

Objective: To analyze the course of disease and epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies. Methods: To display the distribution of course of disease of the infectors who had close contacts with COVID-19 cases from January 1 to March 15, 2020 in Guangdong Provincial, the models of Lognormal, Weibull and gamma distribution were applied. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic characteristics and epidemiological parameters of course of disease. Results: In total, 515 of 11 580 close contacts were infected, with an attack rate about 4.4%, including 449 confirmed cases and 66 asymptomatic cases. Lognormal distribution was fitting best for latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period of confirmed cases and infection period of asymptomatic cases; Gamma distribution was fitting best for infectious period and clinical symptom period of confirmed cases; Weibull distribution was fitting best for latent period of asymptomatic cases. The latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period, infectious period and clinical symptoms period of confirmed cases were 4.50 (95%CI:3.86-5.13) days, 5.12 (95%CI:4.63-5.62) days, 0.87 (95%CI:0.67-1.07) days, 11.89 (95%CI:9.81-13.98) days and 22.00 (95%CI:21.24-22.77) days, respectively. The latent period and infectious period of asymptomatic cases were 8.88 (95%CI:6.89-10.86) days and 6.18 (95%CI:1.89-10.47) days, respectively. Conclusion: The estimated course of COVID-19 and related epidemiological parameters are similar to the existing data.
COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Contact Tracing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies