Objective To observe the effect of underground part-obturated environment on human health. Methods 12 testees were chosen to undergo the experiment of 6 days in the part-obturated situation. The microclimate blood routine immunological items and the symptoms were investigated. Results In the part-obturated environment the average temperature was 15.2 ℃ the humidity was 75.5% the velocity of the wind was 0.06 m/s. Among the testees one was found had higher WBC number three had higher lymphocytes number. During the experiment the average value of CD3+ CD8+ and B cell were 60.05% 26.04% and 10.41% respectively the NK cell was higher compared with the controlbefore the experiment the differences were significant P

Three kinds of fortified biscuits and bread were given as breakfast for 5 months to 106 preschool children 4-6 years old lodged in a kindergarten, with a control group taking common biscuits and bread without fortification. 6 g protein and 160 kcal were supplied by 50 g of fortifed foods in which 0.25 g lysine, 0.25 g lysine and 0.8 mg riboflavin, and cod liver oil and calcium in addition to lysine and riboflavin were fortified respectively. The results showed that a diet with intake of 2.1 g protein and 71 kcal/kg body weight fortified on the average by 228 mg lysine or 228 mg lysine and 1.1 mg riboflavin increased the monthly increment of body weights, heights, and urinary excretions of creatinine per day. There was also a tendency of improvement, in nitrogen retention. The urinary excretion of riboflavin in load test was increased in the group taking the second kind of fortified foods.

Objective To study the effect of injection ganciclovir in infants with rotavirus disease.Methods According to age (6 months to 2 years) and typical clinical symptoms in combination with etiologic evidence of rotavirus, 76 patients within 2 days after onset were selected as study subjects. These young children were randomly assigned to two groups according to the hospitalized order.Treated group received intravenous administration of ganciclovir 5～10 mg/(kg?d) once daily for 3 days while control group didn′t receive any antivirus drugs. Rotavirus testing by ELISA on stool samples was performed for every patient on admission and the third day after treatment. Stool sample was collected to a clear box every day in patients with positive results until the reaction was negative.Results The total effective rate after treatment was 88.1% and 61.8% in treated group and the controll group, respectively. There was significant difference between these two groups(?2=20.42 P

Objective In this paper we analyzed the major risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) as well as its clinical manifestation,so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and effective control of HFRS in Xi'an.Methods The method of retrospective study was used to collect clinical data of hospitalized patients with HFRS between 2005 and 2010 in the Hospitals for Infectious Diseases in Xi'an city,Zhouzhi and Huxian counties and then clinical manifestations of the patients with HFRS were analyzed and classified according to the national standards for clinical symptoms and test indicators of HFRS.HFRS patients matched by the ratio of 1 ∶ 2 healthy human controls were retrospectively investigated in order to obtain risk factors relevant to HFRS incidence using casecontrol study.Odds ratio(OR) method was used for single factor study.While for the multifactor study,we took the conditional Logistic regression approach.We also built models for both studies.Factor with OR ＞ 1 and P ＜ 0.05 was judged to be a risk factor.Results A total of 3090 cases information of patients with HFRS and 6018 healthy controls were collected.Of the 3090 cases of HFRS patients,sixty vaccinated patients showed atypical clinical manifestations and they were mild or moderate cases and no deaths.A total of 3030 nonvaccinated patients had obvious clinical symptoms.Severe or critical cases accounted for 39.07％(1184/3030)and 60 patients died and the fatality rate was 1.98％ (60/3030).The results of single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 16 factors analyzed,the difference of 11 risk factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 11 factors,the difference of six factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.The main risk factors of suffering HFRS in the order were:exposure to rat pollutants,living in the affected areas,sitting or lying on grass fields in the affected areas,working in the affected areas,house rat infestation,and domesticated cats or dogs(OR =6.826,5.764,4.882,4.857,3.126 and 2.875; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Vaccines are very useful in the sense that vaccinated HFRS patients tend to have mild symptoms and good prognosis.Health education in this area should be focused on the six risk factors in order to prevent the spreading of HFRS.

Aim To investigate the cardiotoxicity of propofol and thiopental. Methods 4day-old contracting neonatal primary myocardial cells obtained from 2-to 3-day-oldWistar rats were divided into 5 groups, with normal contrast group, and the cellcultures in groups PL, PH, TL and TH, were treated with propofol(3 ? 10-5 and3 ? 10-4 mol? L) and thiopental (1 ? 10-5 and 1 ? 10-4 mol?L) for 8 h.The con-tractility and morphology of the cells were observed and the cytoplasmic enzyme(LDH, AST, CK and ALP) release content of myocardial cell and the concentrationof electrolytes (K +, Na +, Cl - and Ca2+ ) in the medium were measured 8 h afterintravenous anesthetics administration. Results In groupPH and TL decreasedsignificantly (P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate in vitro the microtensile bond strengths of three dentin adhesive systems and their respective fracture modes.

METHODSA total of 15 intact young human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. The enamel of occlusal surfaces of these premolar teeth was removed and superficial dentine was exposed, finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. And then these teeth were randomly divided into three groups. A block of composite resin was bonded respectively with three dentin adhesive systems: All-bond 2 (Group AB(2)), Fluoro-Bond (Group FB) and Xeno III (Group Xeno) according to manufacturers' instructions. The bonded teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The roots were removed from the remaining crown approximately 1 - 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction with a slow-speed diamond saw. The teeth were sectioned to obtain bar-shaped specimens, whose bonded surface areas were about 0.8 mm(2). The specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until rupture of the bond. SEM was used to observe the fracture modes. The mean bond strengths were compared using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. The frequency of fracture modes was compared using Krukal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test.

RESULTSMean microtensile bond strengths were (29.56 +/- 5.47) MPa for Group AB(2), (15.81 +/- 7.67) MPa for Group Xeno, and (14.61 +/- 4.50) MPa for Group FB. The bond strength of Group AB(2) was greater than those of the other two groups (P < 0.01). The bond strengths of Group Xeno and Group FB were not significantly different. SEM examination indicated that the adhesive failure was the most mode of fracture.

CONCLUSIONSThe microtensil bond strengths of three dentin adhesive systems to normal human dentine were different and the total-etching adhesive All-Bond 2 exhibited the greatest bond strength. It was recommended that dentin adhesive agent should be used according to clinical situation.

Adolescent ; Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; ultrastructure ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; chemistry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tensile Strength ; Young Adult

Background The wet-bonding technique is recommended for the one-bottle dentin adhesive systems, but the moisture concept varies widely among the instructions of manufacturers as well as among investigators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dentin surface moisture on the microtensile bond strength(s) of an ethanol/water-based adhesive system and an acetone-based system to dentin. Methods Forty intact human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. Superficial occlusal flat dentin surfaces of these premolars were exposed, finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Under four wet and dry conditions (overwet, blot dry, one-second dry and desiccated), resin composite was bonded to dentin by using Single Bond (SB) or Prime & Bond NT (PB) according to the manufacturers' instructions. The teeth were longitudinally sectioned in the "x" and "y" directions to obtain bonded beams with a cross-sectional area of 0.81 mm2 with a slow-speed diamond saw. The bonded specimens were tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure of the bonds. Failure modes were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The mean bond strengths were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Turkey's test. Results The bond strength of the overwet/SB, blot dry/SB, one-second dry/SB and desiccated/SB groups was 10.87 Mpa, 22.47 Mpa, 24.91 Mpa and 12.99 Mpa, respectively. The bond strength of the overwet/PB, blot dry/PB, one-second dry/PB and desiccated/PB groups was 10.02 Mpa, 20.67 Mpa, 21.82 Mpa and 10.09 Mpa, respectively. For both SB and PB, the blot dry group and one-second dry group revealed significantly higher bond strengths than the overwet and desiccated groups (P<0.05). Conclusions In order to achieve the highest bond strength to dentin, keeping the dentin surface in an appropriately moist condition is critical for the one-bottle dentin adhesive systems with ethanol/water or acetone solvent.

A new production method of fracture fixation splint is introduced in the paper. The basic raw materials are multi-isocyanic acid, mixed with surfactants, catalysts, fillers, and so on. The splint, with light weight, high strength, and good injured anastomosis site, could be able to shape easily. It is dry and comfortable, avoiding a gas-tight uncomfortable feeling, easy to remove, remodel, nurse, clean and disinfect after fixed. Patients also could film review directly with fixed splint.
Equipment Design ; External Fixators ; Fracture Fixation

OBJECTIVETo detect the methods and experience of CT guided interstitial mj seed implantation treatment for head and neck malignant tumor.

METHODS5 patients with head and neck malignant tumor were treated by interstitial 125I seed implantation with CT guide, 3 of them were treated with operation and adjunct seeds implantation, the other two patients were implanted seed only. According the treatment plan, register needles were punctured firstly, based on CT scan, these needle' s position and depth were adjusted, then the seeds were implanted into the target area. Another CT scan was done for the dose verification.

RESULTSThe procedure of 125I seeds implantation of five patients was successful. 5 of twelve register needles were adjusted. The dose distribution of the instant verification was the same as that of treatment plan.

CONCLUSIONThe CT guided seeds implantation of the head neck malignant tumors can practice the treatment plan accurately, and the dose verification can be done instantly.

Aged ; Brachytherapy ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this research was to explore quality of life (QOL) and acceptance of disability and social support of colostomy patients as well as the relationship between these factors.

METHODSA descriptive, correlational study was conducted using four scales: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Colorectal Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-CR38) scales, the Acceptance of Disability Scale (ADS), and the Social Relational Quality Scale (SRQS). A convenience sample of 111 colostomy patients from four hospitals in Guangzhou who underwent colostomy operation at least one month prior to the study and who visited the stoma clinic or association from August 2011 to February 2012 was evaluated for inclusion in the study. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

RESULTSThe patients' general health status was better than the reference level recommended by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and the overall ADS score was average. The SRQS score was similar to that found in a Hong Kong study. The general health status and dimensions of QOL were significantly correlated with ADS and all of its dimensions (P < 0.05). The general health status and dimensions of QOL were also significantly correlated with SRQS and all of its dimensions (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQOL, acceptance of disability, and social relational quality of colostomy patients were closely related. Our results emphasize that patients should work to form rational values and close bonds with families and friends to achieve a better QOL.

Aged ; Colostomy ; adverse effects ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires