OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis of anti-inflammation effect of Uygur medicine Hyssopus cuspidatus. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to establish the fingerprint of 8 extracts with different po-larities. Using macrophage RAW264.7 as object,the inhibitory effect of extracts with different polarities on inflammatory factor ni-tric oxide(NO),TNF-α and IL-6 in supernatant of cell culture medium was detected,the differences of anti-inflammatory activity in vitro were compared. Grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship of peak area of common peaks and anti-inflammation activity. RESULTS:The fingerprint of 8 extracts with different polarities showed obvious differences. Anti-inflammation in vitro results suggested that 30% ethanol extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines in vitro. There were 14 common peaks in the established HPLC fingerprints,the 5 common peaks that was closely related to the in-hibitory effect of inflammatory factors in vitro were peak 8,6,5,10,13,respectively;peak 8 was rosmarinic acid. CONCLUSIONS:The established fingerprint and its spectrum-effect relationship with anti-inflammation activity in vitro can provide certain reference for its pharmacodynanic material basis study.

Objective To evaluate the effects of preventive and control measures on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Hanning City in 2009-2014,we investigated the status of iodine nutrition level and IDD.Methods The wholesale salt was sampled irregularly for salt iodine test yearly in Haining City,Zhejiang Province.In the investigation,a random sampling was carried out as following:in 2009-2011,2 towns were selected from each of the east,west,south,north areas of the city,1 town was selected from the middle area of the city,4 villages were selected from each town,and edible salt samples were collected in 8 households from each village.However,in the year of 2012-2014,only 1 town was selected from 5 areas (east,west,south,north,middle) of the city,still 4 villages were selected from each town,and then edible salt samples were collected in 15 households from each village.A central primary school was selected in each sampled town,at least 40 students aged 8-l0 years old were selected for detection of thyroid volume,and at least 20 of these students' instant urine samples were collected for detecting urinary iodine.Salt iodine was tested using direct titration method,thyroid volume was measured by palpation method;urinary iodine was tested using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results A total of 339 wholesale salt samples were tested,the median of salt iodine was 25.08-32.64 mg/kg in 2009-2013,and all the sampled wholesale salt samples were found to be qualified.A total of 1 764 household salt samples were collected in 2009-2014,the median of salt iodine was 23.40-28.15 mg/kg,and the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were all higher than 90％ each year.Monitoring results of 1241 children aged 8-10 years old showed the goiter rates were all equal or lower than 2％,urinary iodine medians were 102.5-210.5 μg/L in 708urine samples,the proportion of urinary iodine under 50 μg/L was less than 20％,while the urinary iodine proportion in appropriate level in 100-＜ 200μg/L rose significantly over the last two years.Conclusions Measures with iodized salt as the principal way have good effects in Haining.However,the government needs to strengthen the regulation of salt industry market in the future to prevent unqualified salt come into the market.

Background and purpose:Antracycline combined with paclitaxel is more widely applied in breast cancer as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.There are differences in applications of different paclita~els.In this research,the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ET,ED regimen were compared for the patients with stageⅢbreast cancer.Methods:64 cases of stageⅢbreast cancer patients were divided in two groups.Before surgery,one group had received ET(EPI ivgtt 60 mg/m~2 d_1?21,PTX ivgtt 175 mg/m~2 d_2?21),the other group had received ED(EPI ivgtt 60 mg/m~2 d_2?21,DOC ivgtt 75 mg/m~2 d_2?21)neoadjuvant chemotherapy for three weeks. Curative effect and side effects were evaluated after 2-4 cycles.Results:Total effective rate was 87.5%.Effective rate in ED group was 92.9%,and effective rate in ET group was 83.5%.There was no significant difference(P=0.253).In pCR cases,8 cases in ED group achieved pathologically complete response compared to 3 cases in ET group(P=0.033). The number of patients in ED group(24 cases)hadⅣ-Ⅴgrade pathology evaluation after chemotherapy,it was higher than that in ET patients(21 cases).There was a significant difference(P=0.017).In both groups side effects including hair loss,nausea and vomiting,liver dysfunction were similar.Incidence rate of peripheral neurotoxicity in ET group was higher than that in ED group(P=0.002).Incidence rates of leukopenia,skin rash and phlebitis in ED group were higher than that in ET group.There was a significant difference between two groups in the leukopenia(P=0.034). Conclusions:For the patients with stageⅢbreast cancer patients,both two regimens could achieve better curative effect.ET and ED regimen have similar effect.But in ED regimen,the number ofpCR cases was obviously higher than in ET group.In both groups side effects were similar.There were significant differences in terms of leukopenia and peripheral neurotoxicity,but the side effects could be tolerated.

ObjectiveTo verify the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture plus speech training and psychological intervention in treating dysarthria in hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease).MethodSixty patients were randomized into a control group, a treatment group, and a combined group, 20 in each group. The three groups all received conventional treatments including removal of copper, liver protection, and brain protection, based on which, the control group also received speech training, the treatment group received acupuncture based on the treatments given to the control group, and the combined group received psychological intervention based on the treatments given to the treatment group.ResultAfter 2-month treatment, in comparing the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, the combined group showed a more significant improvement than the treatment group and control group (P<0.05); the total effective rate was 75% in the combined group, versus 25% in the treatment group and 10% in the control group, and the total effective rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of both treatment group and control group (P<0.05).ConclusionAcupuncture plus speech training and psychological intervention can markedly improve the dysarthria symptoms of patients with Wilson’s disease, and recover their speech function and help them to go back to society.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct component analysis for the 40％ ethanol eluate of Hyssopus officinalis,and investigate its improvement effect on inflammation in asthmatic mice. METHODS:The 40％ ethanol eluate of polyamide resin column was col-lected,and HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry was used for the component analysis of 40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis. Totally 72 mice were randomly divided into blank group (normal saline),model group (normal saline),dexamethasone group (positive control,1.6 mg/kg) and 40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups (200,100,50 mg/kg),12 in each group. Except for normal group,mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected 0.2 mL ovalbumin (OVA)for sensitization in 0,14 d and intragastrically administrated in 25-31 d,once a day. After administration,2 mg/mL OVA was dropped in nose for 7 d. After 24 h of last dropping in nose,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),interfer-on-γ(IFN-γ)levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected;pathological changes in lung tissue were observed. RE-SULTS:Totally 11 compounds were identified,the relative percentage content of 40.89％. The main components were rosmarinic acid,luteolin 7-O-β-D-rhamnoserhamnose (1→6)-α-D-pyran glucoside,hyperoside,etc. Compared with blank group,TNF-α, IL-4 levels in BALF in model group were increased,IFN-γ level was declined,and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was enlarged(P<0.01);lung tissue was seriously damaged,there was infiltration of inflammatory cells around the blood vessels. Compared with model group, TNF-α,IL-4 levels in BALF in dexamethasone group,40％ ethanol eluate of H. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose groups were declined,IFN-γ level was increased,and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was reduced (P<0.01);pathological changes in lung tissue were improved. CONCLUSIONS:The established analysis method can effectively analysis the chemical components of 40％ etha-nol eluate of H. officinalis,which has certain regulatory effect on releasing inflammatory factors and reducing inflammatory lesions in lung tissue of mice with bronchial asthma.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of the Simultaneous three scopes combined surgery [laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+ choledochoscopy exploration + choledochectomy and removal of the common bile duct + primary suture of the common bile duct + endoscopic guided nasobiliary duct placement] and staged two scopes surgery[endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with LC] in the treatment of choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2020, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 83 patients with choledocholithiasis and choledocholithiasis, who underwent minimally invasive treatment in our center. According to the different surgical procedures, the patients were divided into three-mirror group ( n=42) and two-mirror group ( n=41). All patients in the three-mirror group underwent three-scopy combined surgery. The patients in two-mirror group received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). In this study we compared the relevant clinical indicators of the two groups, in terms of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, one-time stone clearance rate, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative defecation time, total hospitalization cost, incidence of postoperative acute pancreatitis, postoperative stone recurrence rate, incidence of postoperative cholangitis, and incidence of postoperative biliary fistula, total hospitalization time, postoperative bile duct stricture rate. Use SPSS 26.0 software to statistically analyze various indexes such as intraoperative, postoperative, follow-up, etc. Normally distributed measurement data were described by the mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), the comparison between groups was by t test, and measurement data with skewed distribution were destribed as M( P25, P75), Pairwise comparisons were analyzed using nonparametric test. The comparison of count data between groups was by the chi-square test. Results:No death was observed in both two groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, one-time stone clearance rate, postoperative exhaust time, and postoperative defecation time of the three-mirror groupwere (167.98±47.37) min, 50(50, 100) mL, 100%(42/42), (2.10±0.76) days, 3(3, 4) days, the two-mirror group were (143.80±34.47) min, 50(50, 50) mL, 85.4%(35/41), (1.53±0.99) days and 2(1, 3) days. Compared with the two groups, the three-mirror group was higher than the two-mirror group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The total hospitalization expenses, postoperative acute pancreatitis incidence, and postoperative calculus recurrence rate in the three-mirror group were (3.46±0.77) ten thousand yuan, 0(0/42), 2.38%(1/42), the two-mirror group were (4.22±1.50) ten thousand yuan, 9.8%(4/41), 19.5%(8/41). Compared with the two groups, the three-mirror group was lower than the two-mirror group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). No postoperative cholangitis or biliary fistula occurred in the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the total hospital stay and incidence of postoperative bile duct stenosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For choledocholithiasis combined with cholecystolithiasis patients, simultaneous three-scopes combined surgery and elective LC after ERCP are safe and effective, and each has its own advantages. It should be selected reasonably according to the patient′s condition and combined with the technical advantages of the treatment team.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of siRNA silencing the role of C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) gene in excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury.

METHODSMouse model of pulmonary ischemia reperfusion injury (PIRI) in situ was established with unilateral lung in vivo. Seventy experimental mice were randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 10): Sham group (Sham group), ischemia reperfusion group (I/R), PBS+ Lipofectamine2000TM transfection reagent group (I/R + PBS+ Lipo group), negative control group (I/R+ SCR group), JNK-siRNA group (I/R + siRNA(JNK1), siRNA(JNK2), siRNA(JNK3)). Mice were euthanized after experimental time out, and left lung tissue was extracted. Wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D) and total lung water content (TLW) were tested. Light microscope, alveolar damage quantitative evaluation index (IQA) and electron microscope were observed. The expression levels of JNK and glucose regulatex protein(GRP78) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis of lung tissue was determined by TUNEL.

RESULTSCompared with Sham group, all indicators above of I/R + PBS + Lipo group and I/R + SCR group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and compared with I/R group, those indicators of the three groups all had no notable difference; those indicators were not statistically different between I/R + PBS + Lipo group and I/R + SCR group, and compared to the three groups, the above indicators in JNK-siRNA group were lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) except that the expression levels of GRP78 was not statistically different.

CONCLUSIONI/R induces excessive ERS in lung tissue, in which JNK pathway participates in apoptosis, leading to lung tissue injury.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; genetics ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Reperfusion Injury ; genetics

AIMTo observe protective effects of polydatin (PD) during lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LI/RI) and investigate its potential mechanism .

METHODSRabbit lung model of ischemia/reperfusion injury was constituted in vivo. The 40 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): control group (C group), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R), PD + I/R group (PD) and PD+ polymyxin B (PMB) + I/R group (PMB). The blood specimen gathered at different time points were tested for the content of melondialdehyde (MDA) and the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The lung tissue sampled at the end of the experiment were assayed for wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), injured alveoli rate (IAR) and observing ultrastructure changes under electron micro scope.

RESULTS(1) The activity of SOD showed a similar time-dependent decline in I/R group and PMB group during I/R, while in PD group this tendency was milder (P < 0.01 vs I/R group). (2) In contrast to the results above, the level of MDA markedly increased in I/R and PMB group, but was slowed down in PD group (P < 0.01 vs I/R group). (3) The value of W/D) and IAR was much higher in I/R and PMB group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 vs C group). In PD group, it was decreased (P < 0.01 vs I/R group or PMB group). (4) Electron microscope showed obvious ultrastructure injury brought by LI/RI in I/R group and PMB group, which was greatly attenuated in PD group.

CONCLUSIONPD can protect lung from LI/RI, and PKC may participate in its mechanisms.

Animals ; Female ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

AIMTo observe protective effects of safflower injection (SI) on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its potential mechanism.

METHODSRabbit lung model of ischemia/reperfusion injury was constituted in vivo. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group) and ischemia/reperfusion plus safflower injection group (SI group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in serum were measured. The lung tissue sampled at the end of the experiment was assayed for wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), injured alveoli rate (IAR) and ultrastructural changes were observed under electron microscope. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of COX-1mRNA and COX-2mRNA were observed by in situ hybridization (ISH).

RESULTSIn I/R group, XO and MDA increased and SOD decreased in serum, while the same changes happened in SI group but less severely(P<0.01). The value of W/D and IAR was much higher in I/R group than S group, but decreased in SI group. Electron microscope showed obvious ultrastructural injury brought by LIRI in I/R group, which was greatly attenuated in SI group. The IHC and ISH demonstrated that COX-2 and COX-2mRNA in pulmonary tissue of I/R group were significantly higher than those of SI group (P < 0.01). The difference of COX-1 and COX-1mRNA in pulmonary tissue among the three groups was not significant.

CONCLUSIONThe ischemia/reperfusion lung injury insults induced the regulation of COX-2 in lung. Safflower injection may attenuate lung ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Xanthine Oxidase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of curcumin (CUR) on cycteinyl aspirate specific protease-12 (Caspase-12) and pneumocyte apoptosis in pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury mice.

METHODSThe in vivo unilateral in situ pulmonary I/R injury mouse model was established in C57BL/6J mice. Sixty experimental mice were randomly divided into six groups by random digit table, i. e., the sham-operation group (Sham), the I/R group, the I/R + dimethyl sulfoxide group (I/R + DMSO), the I/R + low dose CUR pre-treated group (I/R + CUR-100), the I/R + middle dose CUR pre-treated group (I/R + CUR-150), the I/R + high dose CUR pre-treated group (I/R + CUR-200), 10 in each group. Mice were euthanized and their left lungs were excised. Wet lung weight to dry lung weight (W/D) and the total lung water content (TLW) were tested. The morphological changes of the lung tissue were observed and index of quantitative evaluation for alveolar damage (IQA) detected under light microscope. The ultra-microstructure of the lung tissue was observed under electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-12 and glucose regulated protein (GRP78) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Apoptosis index (AI) of the lung tissue was determined by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.

RESULTSCompared with the Sham group, expression levels of Caspase-12, GRP78 mRNA and protein all significantly increased in the I/R group (P < 0.05); W/D, TLW, IQA, and AI were all notably higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the morphological and ultrastructural injury of the lung tissue were notably observed in I/R group. Compared with the I/R + DMSO group, expression levels of GRP78 mRNA and protein were increasingly higher in the I/R + CUR-100 group, the I/R + CUR-150 group, and the I/R +CUR-200 group (P < 0.05), expression levels of Caspase-12 mRNA and protein were lower (P < 0.05); W/D, TLW, IQA, and AI also decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the morphological and ultrastructural injury of the lung tissue were gradually alleviated in the I/R + CUR groups.

CONCLUSIONCUR had better effect on the lung protection against I/R injury, which might be related to inhibition for pneumocyte apoptosis associated with Caspase-12 in excessive unfolded protein response (UPR).

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control