Objective To study the inhibitory effects of total flavonoids of scutellaria baicalensis georgi(TFSB) on S180,Hep-A-22 and Bcap-37 tumor cell proliferation in vitro and on S180,Hep-A-22 in mice bearing tumor in vivo.Methods In vitro,S180,Hep-A-22 and Bcap-37 cells were divided into control group and TFSB groups(12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg?L-1).The inhibitory effects of TFSB on proliferation of S180 and Hep-A-22 were measured by XTT colorimetric assay,and Bcap-37 cells were measured by MTT colorimetric assay.In vivo,the mice bearing tumor were divided into control group,CTX group(30 mg?kg-1),high,middle,low doses TFSB groups(200,100,50 mg?kg-1).After the mice bearing S180 and Hep-A-22 tumor cells were treated with TFSB for 15 d,the tumor weights were measured,the inhibitory rates of S180 and Hep-A-22 were calculated and survival of Hep-A22 was measured after administration of TFSB for 10 d.Results TFSB inhibited the proliferation of S180,Hep-A-22 and Bcap-37 cells,IC50 values were 16.04,17.74 and 9.05 mg?L-1,respectively.The tumor weight of mice bearing S180 and Hep-A-22 cells in TFSB groups(200,100,50mg?kg-1) were lowered than that in control(P

AIMTo investigate the effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fraction AP-3 on IL-2 and IFN-gamma induction and its further immunomodulatory feature.

METHODSThe percentage of CD4+ lymphocyte was detected by flow cytometric method, the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in cell culture supernatant were determined by ELISA, mRNA expressions of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cytokines were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSAt the range of 0. 6 - 2 micromol x L(-1), AP-3 significantly enhanced the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes in total splenocytes. At the range of 2 - 6 micromol x L(-1), the treatment of AP-3 augmented both productions of IL-2 in cell culture supernatant and cell IL-2 mRNA transcription level in a time and dose dependent manner. While in the case of IFN-gamma, AP-3 stimulated at early time after exposure but down-regulated thereafter.

CONCLUSIONAngelica sinensis polysaccharide could regulate the immune response through upregulating IL-2, IFN-gamma expression and activating Th1 cell.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukin-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Spleen ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective The purpose of this study was to approach the relation of SNP43,SNP44 locus, main haplotypes and haplotype combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods According to the theory and principles of systematic review,data from case-control studies regarding the association between calpain-10(CAPN10) gene and T2DM were derived through electronic search of PubMed and Chinese journals databases.To gain a more precise estimation of the relationship,a stratified Meta-analysis with four subgroups was pertbrmed according to the races.Publication bias Was also assessed.Results The association with T2DM in different races was evaluated.In Mongoloid race,SNP43-G allele,G/G genotype and 111/221 haplotype combination showed notable association with T2DM with Ors (95%CI) as 1.368(1.155-1.620),1.437(1.186-1.741) and 2.762 (1.287-5.927) respectively.In Caucasoid race,SNP44-C allele,111/111 hapotype combination showed strong relationship with T2DM with Ors(95%CI) as 1.144(1.023-1.278),1.291(1.050-1.586) respectively.In Hybrid race,only one positive finding Was obtained which Was SNP44-C allele with OR(95%CI)as 1.653(1.025-2.665).Conclusion SNP43-G allele,G/G genotype,111/221 were risk factors to Mongoloid race.And SNP-C allele,111/111 haplotype combination were risk factors to Caucasoid race,and SNP44-C allele to Hybrid race.

AIMTo study the metabolic kinetics of MN9202 in Beagle dog liver microsome.

METHODSBeagle dog liver microsomes were prepared by using ultracentrifuge method. After incubating 0.4 micromol x L(-1) MN9202 with 1 g x L(-1) microsomes for 30 min at 37 degrees C, the reaction was terminated by adding 0.5 mL alkalization. The RP-HPLC was used to determine the drug in the incubation mixture. The Michaelis-Menten parameters Km, and Vmax in Beagle dog liver microsomes were initially estimated by analyzing Lineweave-Brurk plot. Various selective CYP inhibitors were used to investigate their inhibitory effect on the metabolism of MN9202.

RESULTSThe Km, Vmax and CLint of MN9202 were (22.6 +/- 8.0) micromol x L(-1), (0.54 +/- 0.17) micromol x g(-1) x min(-1) and (0.0242 +/- 0.0009) L x g(-1) x min(-1), respectively. The metabolism of MN9202 was significantly inhibited by ketoconazole (Ket) and troleandomycin (Tro) in Beagle dog liver microsomes. Tranylcypromine (Tra) could inhibit the metabolism of drug as well. While other inhibitors showed little inhibitory effect on the metabolism of MN9202.

CONCLUSIONIt was shown that CYP3A and CYP2C19 were involved in MN9202 metabolism. The inhibitors of human CYP3A and CYP2C19 may have potential interaction with MN9202, and this can reduce the metabolism rate and increase the toxicity of MN9202.

Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors ; Dihydropyridines ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Ketoconazole ; pharmacology ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Nitrobenzenes ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Tranylcypromine ; pharmacology ; Troleandomycin ; pharmacology

AIMTo study the pharmacokinetics of m-nifedipine (m-Nif) in Beagle dogs.

METHODSThe Beagle dogs were divided into two groups. m-Nif was intravenously administered to the Beagle dogs in group 1 at the dose of 0. 288 mg x kg(-1), and it was orally administered to the Beagle dogs in group 2, 3 and 4 at the dose of 1.152, 3.456 and 10.370 mg x kg(-1), respectively. m-Nif in plasma was detected by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 software.

RESULTSWhen m-Nif was intravenously administered, the plasma concentration-time curve was fit to a two-compartment model and T1/2beta was 117 min. When m-Nif was orally administered, the plasma concentration-time curve was fit to a one-compartment model. T1/2 (Ke) and Cmax were 147 min and 20 microg x L(-1); at the low dose of 1.152 mg x kg(-1). T1/2 (Ke) was 122 min and Cmax was 36 microg x L(-1) at the middle dose of 3.456 mg x kg(-1). T1/2 (Ke) was 144 min and Cmax was 69 microg x L(-1) at the high dose of 10.37 mg x kg(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt was showed that the speed of elimination of m-Nif was high in Beagle dogs. The absolute bioavailability of m-Nif given orally was very low.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Injections, Intravenous ; Isomerism ; Nifedipine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the residual paralysis after a single intubating dose of rocuronium and its effect of residual paralysis after a single dose of rocuronium on the postoperative pulmonary function of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries.

METHODSSixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I - II patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries were randomly divided into rocuronium (R) group (n = 30) and rocuronium + neostigmine (R + N) group (n = 30).All patients received midazolam (0.02 mg/kg), fentanyl (1 microg/kg), propofol(1.5-2 mg/kg), and rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) to facilitate tracheal intubation and no more relaxant thereafter. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen (N(2)O:O(2) = 1:1). At the end of the procedure, neuromuscular blockade was not reversed in R group, while antagonism was accomplished with neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) and atropine (0.02 mg/kg) in R + N group. Immediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, the train-of-four (TOF) ratio at the adductor pollicis of all patients were measured using acceleromyography. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of all patients were measured using spirometry before surgery, after administration of midazolam and fentanyl, immediately after tracheal extubation, on arrival in the PACU, and after the TOF ratio recovered to 1.0. The TOF ratio and pulmonary function between two groups were compared.

RESULTSImmediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, the mean TOF ratio in R group was significantly lower than that in R + N group (P < 0.05). The mean time to achieve TOF ratio of 0.9 and 1.0 in R group was significantly longer than in R + N group (P < 0.05). Immediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, FVC, FEV(1), and PEFR were significantly lower in R group than in R + N group (P < 0.05). FVC, FEV(1), and PEFR after administration of midazolam and fentanyl and after TOF ratio recovered to 1.0 were significantly lower than the baseline values in all patients (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter a single intubating dose of rocuronium, residual paralysis exists in the majority of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries. The pulmonary function is impaired after the surgery, even after recovery of TOF ratio to 1.0.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Airway Extubation ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laparoscopy ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Paralysis ; chemically induced ; Postoperative Period ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Young Adult

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the third-generation instrumentation including TSRH, CD and ISOLA in the treatment of adult scoliosis. Methods:Thirty-five adult patients with idiopathic or degenerative scoliosis who received treatment with third-generation instrumentation (TSRH,CD and ISOLA) between July 1999 to January 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean preoperative cobb angle of major curves of the frontal plane was 58.1°(42°-95°). The patients received a combined anteroposterior approach or a single posterior procedure. The mean follow-up time was 20 months(10-48 months). Preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles of the frontal plane and sagittal plane and the distance between C7 and CVLS were measured. The subjective assessment was judged by questionnaire. Results: Postoperative clinical appearance of all patients improved significantly. Mean correction of major curves of the coronal plane was 53.2%. Mean loss of correction of the coronal plane in the last follow-up was 4.3°. The distance between the midline of C7 and CVSL was corrected from 2.6 cm to 0.24 cm. The results of follow-up showed that 89.3% patients were satisfied with the outcome. Pneumatothorax and haematothorax occurred in 2 patients. Three patients still complained of low back pain one year after operation because of adjacent degeneration in 2 patients and pseudoarthrosis in the remaining 1 patient. Conclusion: Imageologic findings and subjective assessment of the patients showed that the third-generation instrumentation can achieve good correction and trunk balance in the treatment of adult scoliosis with fewer complications.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the third-generation instrumentation including TSRH, CD and ISOLA in the treatment of adult scoliosis. Methods:Thirty-five adult patients with idiopathic or degenerative scoliosis who received treatment with third-generation instrumentation (TSRH,CD and ISOLA) between July 1999 to January 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean preoperative cobb angle of major curves of the frontal plane was 58.1°(42°-95°). The patients received a combined anteroposterior approach or a single posterior procedure. The mean follow-up time was 20 months(10-48 months). Preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles of the frontal plane and sagittal plane and the distance between C7 and CVLS were measured. The subjective assessment was judged by questionnaire. Results: Postoperative clinical appearance of all patients improved significantly. Mean correction of major curves of the coronal plane was 53.2%. Mean loss of correction of the coronal plane in the last follow-up was 4.3°. The distance between the midline of C7 and CVSL was corrected from 2.6 cm to 0.24 cm. The results of follow-up showed that 89.3% patients were satisfied with the outcome. Pneumatothorax and haematothorax occurred in 2 patients. Three patients still complained of low back pain one year after operation because of adjacent degeneration in 2 patients and pseudoarthrosis in the remaining 1 patient. Conclusion: Imageologic findings and subjective assessment of the patients showed that the third-generation instrumentation can achieve good correction and trunk balance in the treatment of adult scoliosis with fewer complications.