OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between homocysteine and renal function as well as possible influencing factors in inpatient population. METHODS: From January 2014 to December 2015, a total of 27,025 hospitalized people who were admitted to the First Hospital of Peking University and were tested for plasma homocysteine were enrolled. Multiple linear regression model was performed to determine the relationship between homocysteine and eGFR. RESULTS: After excluding patients with cardiovascular disease and patients taking antihypertensive drugs, 6681 inpatient participants were included for analysis. After adjusting for age, blood pressure and other related factors, we found that eGFR decreased significantly(β=-0.53, SE=0.02, P<0.001) with the increase of homocysteine. Furthermore, the gender, age and renal functional state, had significant influence the relationship between homocysteine and eGFR. In women, those younger than 60 years old and renal impairment(eGFR<90 mL/[min·1.73 m~2]) population, the correlation was more significant. CONCLUSION: The association between homocysteine and eGFR is significant in inpatient population.