Objective To observe the effect of underground part-obturated environment on human health. Methods 12 testees were chosen to undergo the experiment of 6 days in the part-obturated situation. The microclimate blood routine immunological items and the symptoms were investigated. Results In the part-obturated environment the average temperature was 15.2 ℃ the humidity was 75.5% the velocity of the wind was 0.06 m/s. Among the testees one was found had higher WBC number three had higher lymphocytes number. During the experiment the average value of CD3+ CD8+ and B cell were 60.05% 26.04% and 10.41% respectively the NK cell was higher compared with the controlbefore the experiment the differences were significant P

Objective In this paper we analyzed the major risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) as well as its clinical manifestation,so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and effective control of HFRS in Xi'an.Methods The method of retrospective study was used to collect clinical data of hospitalized patients with HFRS between 2005 and 2010 in the Hospitals for Infectious Diseases in Xi'an city,Zhouzhi and Huxian counties and then clinical manifestations of the patients with HFRS were analyzed and classified according to the national standards for clinical symptoms and test indicators of HFRS.HFRS patients matched by the ratio of 1 ∶ 2 healthy human controls were retrospectively investigated in order to obtain risk factors relevant to HFRS incidence using casecontrol study.Odds ratio(OR) method was used for single factor study.While for the multifactor study,we took the conditional Logistic regression approach.We also built models for both studies.Factor with OR ＞ 1 and P ＜ 0.05 was judged to be a risk factor.Results A total of 3090 cases information of patients with HFRS and 6018 healthy controls were collected.Of the 3090 cases of HFRS patients,sixty vaccinated patients showed atypical clinical manifestations and they were mild or moderate cases and no deaths.A total of 3030 nonvaccinated patients had obvious clinical symptoms.Severe or critical cases accounted for 39.07％(1184/3030)and 60 patients died and the fatality rate was 1.98％ (60/3030).The results of single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 16 factors analyzed,the difference of 11 risk factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 11 factors,the difference of six factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.The main risk factors of suffering HFRS in the order were:exposure to rat pollutants,living in the affected areas,sitting or lying on grass fields in the affected areas,working in the affected areas,house rat infestation,and domesticated cats or dogs(OR =6.826,5.764,4.882,4.857,3.126 and 2.875; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Vaccines are very useful in the sense that vaccinated HFRS patients tend to have mild symptoms and good prognosis.Health education in this area should be focused on the six risk factors in order to prevent the spreading of HFRS.

Objective To study the effect of injection ganciclovir in infants with rotavirus disease.Methods According to age (6 months to 2 years) and typical clinical symptoms in combination with etiologic evidence of rotavirus, 76 patients within 2 days after onset were selected as study subjects. These young children were randomly assigned to two groups according to the hospitalized order.Treated group received intravenous administration of ganciclovir 5～10 mg/(kg?d) once daily for 3 days while control group didn′t receive any antivirus drugs. Rotavirus testing by ELISA on stool samples was performed for every patient on admission and the third day after treatment. Stool sample was collected to a clear box every day in patients with positive results until the reaction was negative.Results The total effective rate after treatment was 88.1% and 61.8% in treated group and the controll group, respectively. There was significant difference between these two groups(?2=20.42 P

Three kinds of fortified biscuits and bread were given as breakfast for 5 months to 106 preschool children 4-6 years old lodged in a kindergarten, with a control group taking common biscuits and bread without fortification. 6 g protein and 160 kcal were supplied by 50 g of fortifed foods in which 0.25 g lysine, 0.25 g lysine and 0.8 mg riboflavin, and cod liver oil and calcium in addition to lysine and riboflavin were fortified respectively. The results showed that a diet with intake of 2.1 g protein and 71 kcal/kg body weight fortified on the average by 228 mg lysine or 228 mg lysine and 1.1 mg riboflavin increased the monthly increment of body weights, heights, and urinary excretions of creatinine per day. There was also a tendency of improvement, in nitrogen retention. The urinary excretion of riboflavin in load test was increased in the group taking the second kind of fortified foods.

Aim To investigate the cardiotoxicity of propofol and thiopental. Methods 4day-old contracting neonatal primary myocardial cells obtained from 2-to 3-day-oldWistar rats were divided into 5 groups, with normal contrast group, and the cellcultures in groups PL, PH, TL and TH, were treated with propofol(3 ? 10-5 and3 ? 10-4 mol? L) and thiopental (1 ? 10-5 and 1 ? 10-4 mol?L) for 8 h.The con-tractility and morphology of the cells were observed and the cytoplasmic enzyme(LDH, AST, CK and ALP) release content of myocardial cell and the concentrationof electrolytes (K +, Na +, Cl - and Ca2+ ) in the medium were measured 8 h afterintravenous anesthetics administration. Results In groupPH and TL decreasedsignificantly (P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate in vitro the microtensile bond strengths of three dentin adhesive systems and their respective fracture modes.

METHODSA total of 15 intact young human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. The enamel of occlusal surfaces of these premolar teeth was removed and superficial dentine was exposed, finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. And then these teeth were randomly divided into three groups. A block of composite resin was bonded respectively with three dentin adhesive systems: All-bond 2 (Group AB(2)), Fluoro-Bond (Group FB) and Xeno III (Group Xeno) according to manufacturers' instructions. The bonded teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The roots were removed from the remaining crown approximately 1 - 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction with a slow-speed diamond saw. The teeth were sectioned to obtain bar-shaped specimens, whose bonded surface areas were about 0.8 mm(2). The specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until rupture of the bond. SEM was used to observe the fracture modes. The mean bond strengths were compared using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. The frequency of fracture modes was compared using Krukal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test.

RESULTSMean microtensile bond strengths were (29.56 +/- 5.47) MPa for Group AB(2), (15.81 +/- 7.67) MPa for Group Xeno, and (14.61 +/- 4.50) MPa for Group FB. The bond strength of Group AB(2) was greater than those of the other two groups (P < 0.01). The bond strengths of Group Xeno and Group FB were not significantly different. SEM examination indicated that the adhesive failure was the most mode of fracture.

CONCLUSIONSThe microtensil bond strengths of three dentin adhesive systems to normal human dentine were different and the total-etching adhesive All-Bond 2 exhibited the greatest bond strength. It was recommended that dentin adhesive agent should be used according to clinical situation.

Adolescent ; Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; ultrastructure ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; chemistry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tensile Strength ; Young Adult

A new production method of fracture fixation splint is introduced in the paper. The basic raw materials are multi-isocyanic acid, mixed with surfactants, catalysts, fillers, and so on. The splint, with light weight, high strength, and good injured anastomosis site, could be able to shape easily. It is dry and comfortable, avoiding a gas-tight uncomfortable feeling, easy to remove, remodel, nurse, clean and disinfect after fixed. Patients also could film review directly with fixed splint.
Equipment Design ; External Fixators ; Fracture Fixation

OBJECTIVETo detect the methods and experience of CT guided interstitial mj seed implantation treatment for head and neck malignant tumor.

METHODS5 patients with head and neck malignant tumor were treated by interstitial 125I seed implantation with CT guide, 3 of them were treated with operation and adjunct seeds implantation, the other two patients were implanted seed only. According the treatment plan, register needles were punctured firstly, based on CT scan, these needle' s position and depth were adjusted, then the seeds were implanted into the target area. Another CT scan was done for the dose verification.

RESULTSThe procedure of 125I seeds implantation of five patients was successful. 5 of twelve register needles were adjusted. The dose distribution of the instant verification was the same as that of treatment plan.

CONCLUSIONThe CT guided seeds implantation of the head neck malignant tumors can practice the treatment plan accurately, and the dose verification can be done instantly.

Aged ; Brachytherapy ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIMTo investigate protective effects of polydatin(PD) during lung ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits and its potential mechanisms.

METHODSRabbit lung model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was constituted in vivo. Thirty rabbits were divided into groups randomly: Control (C), I/R, PD group, respectively. Endotoxin (ET) in plasma was analyzed by End-point Chromogenic Assay, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaBp65 mRNA, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA were measured by RT-PCR, the morphological changes of lung tissue were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in ET concentration of plasma between groups (all of P > 0.05). The expression of TLR-4 mRNA, NF-kappaBp65 mRNA and ICAM-1mRNA in I/R group were significantly increased as compared to C group and PD group, while those expressions in PD group were evidently higher than those in C group (all of P < 0.01). Light microscope showed that the lung pathological injuries in PD group were obviously alleviated as compared to I/R group.

CONCLUSIONPD might have a protective effect on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating TLR4 and NF-kappaB expression, then inhibiting the release of mediators of inflammation as ICAM-1.

Animals ; Female ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ischemia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo observe protective effects of safflower injection (SI) on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its potential mechanism.

METHODSRabbit lung model of ischemia/reperfusion injury was constituted in vivo. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group) and ischemia/reperfusion plus safflower injection group (SI group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in serum were measured. The lung tissue sampled at the end of the experiment was assayed for wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), injured alveoli rate (IAR) and ultrastructural changes were observed under electron microscope. The expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of COX-1mRNA and COX-2mRNA were observed by in situ hybridization (ISH).

RESULTSIn I/R group, XO and MDA increased and SOD decreased in serum, while the same changes happened in SI group but less severely(P<0.01). The value of W/D and IAR was much higher in I/R group than S group, but decreased in SI group. Electron microscope showed obvious ultrastructural injury brought by LIRI in I/R group, which was greatly attenuated in SI group. The IHC and ISH demonstrated that COX-2 and COX-2mRNA in pulmonary tissue of I/R group were significantly higher than those of SI group (P < 0.01). The difference of COX-1 and COX-1mRNA in pulmonary tissue among the three groups was not significant.

CONCLUSIONThe ischemia/reperfusion lung injury insults induced the regulation of COX-2 in lung. Safflower injection may attenuate lung ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Xanthine Oxidase ; blood