Objective In this paper we analyzed the major risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) as well as its clinical manifestation,so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and effective control of HFRS in Xi'an.Methods The method of retrospective study was used to collect clinical data of hospitalized patients with HFRS between 2005 and 2010 in the Hospitals for Infectious Diseases in Xi'an city,Zhouzhi and Huxian counties and then clinical manifestations of the patients with HFRS were analyzed and classified according to the national standards for clinical symptoms and test indicators of HFRS.HFRS patients matched by the ratio of 1 ∶ 2 healthy human controls were retrospectively investigated in order to obtain risk factors relevant to HFRS incidence using casecontrol study.Odds ratio(OR) method was used for single factor study.While for the multifactor study,we took the conditional Logistic regression approach.We also built models for both studies.Factor with OR ＞ 1 and P ＜ 0.05 was judged to be a risk factor.Results A total of 3090 cases information of patients with HFRS and 6018 healthy controls were collected.Of the 3090 cases of HFRS patients,sixty vaccinated patients showed atypical clinical manifestations and they were mild or moderate cases and no deaths.A total of 3030 nonvaccinated patients had obvious clinical symptoms.Severe or critical cases accounted for 39.07％(1184/3030)and 60 patients died and the fatality rate was 1.98％ (60/3030).The results of single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 16 factors analyzed,the difference of 11 risk factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 11 factors,the difference of six factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.The main risk factors of suffering HFRS in the order were:exposure to rat pollutants,living in the affected areas,sitting or lying on grass fields in the affected areas,working in the affected areas,house rat infestation,and domesticated cats or dogs(OR =6.826,5.764,4.882,4.857,3.126 and 2.875; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Vaccines are very useful in the sense that vaccinated HFRS patients tend to have mild symptoms and good prognosis.Health education in this area should be focused on the six risk factors in order to prevent the spreading of HFRS.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) and dual-energy CT lung perfusion (DE-CTLP) in the assessment of pulmonary embolism comparing with pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. Methods Fifty patients suspected of PE (26 males, 24 females) underwent both DE-CTPA, DE-CTLP and pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. The results were compared and the correlation between the intravascular clots in DE-CTPA and the perfusion defects in DE-CTLP was analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DE-CTLP for PE were assessed according to scintigraphic results which was considered as a "gold" standard. Result ( 1 ) Of 50 cases,920 segments in 46 cases were diagnostable, 4 cases were not included because of the poor image quality. lntravascular clots were found in 262 segments on DE-CTPA and perfusion defects in 266 segments were identified on DE-CTLP, while 268 segments were positive on scintigraphy. (2) The perfusion defects on DE-CTLP were correlated well with the clots on CTPA ( r = 0. 883, P < 0. 01 ). The Dual energy CT Lung perfusion imaging had a good consistence with scintigraphy (Kappa = 0. 940, P <0. 01 ). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were 96. 2% (279/290), 98.0%(641/654), 95. 5% (279/292) and 98. 3% (641/652), respectively. (3)The radiation dose of DE-CTPA and CE-CTLP scan was(4. 37 ± 0. 47) mSv by using CareDose 4D technique. Conclusion DE-CTPA and CE-CTLP can provide pulmonary vascular morphology and parenchyma perfusion information which are useful and valuable for the diagnosis of PE.

Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.TUNEL and immunohistochemistry results showed that the renal tubular cell apoptosis index(AI)and Bax protein expression were significantly reduced,and the Bcl-2 protein expression in glomeruli was significantly increased in diabetic rats with stable hyperglycemia treated by benazepril compared with diabetic rats with stable hyperglycemia treated by vehicle(all P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sensory neuropeptide substance P combined with epidermal stem cells (ESC) on wound healing and nerve regeneration in diabetic rats.

METHODSESC that had been isolated from SD rats were identified and cultured in vitro, and they were inoculated onto nourishing layer of amniotic membrane to construct amniotic membrane-ESC. Four full-thickness skin wounds were produced on the back of each of 48 diabetic rats. The resulted 192 wounds were randomly divided into ESC + substance P group, ESC group, substance P group, and control group according to the lottery method, with 48 wounds in each group. Wounds in ESC + substance P group and ESC group were transplanted with amniotic membrane-ESC, and those in substance P group and control group were transplanted with amniotic membrane. After transplantation, 250 µL substance P in the concentration of 1 × 10(-7) mol/L was injected around and into the middle of the wounds in ESC + substance P group and substance P group, 2 times a day, and continued for 4 days, while 250 µL PBS solution was injected in the above-mentioned position in ESC group and control group as control, 2 times a day, and continued for 4 days. On post injury day (PID) 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 23, the wound healing rate (with 8 wounds at each time point) was observed and determined, and changes in wound tissue structure were observed with HE staining. On PID 4, 7, and 10, collagen distribution in wound tissue was observed with Masson staining, and type I and type III collagen deposition in wound tissue was respectively observed after immunohistochemical staining. The distribution of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and regeneration of substance P positive nerve fibers in wound tissue were observed with immunohistochemical staining on PID 14 and 23. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test.

RESULTS(1) The wound healing rate in ESC + substance P group reached 100.0% on PID 14, which was obviously earlier than that in ESC group, substance P group, and control group, healing was respectively observed on PID 17, 17, and 23. The wound healing quality in ESC + substance P group was better than that in the other three groups as shown by HE staining. (2) On PID 10, collagen that was darkly stained and widely distributed was observed in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group and substance P group, while collagen in the other two groups was lightly stained and narrowly distributed. Deposition quantity of type I collagen gradually increased, and that of type III collagen gradually decreased in the wounds of each group over time. On PID 4, 7, and 10, distribution amount of type I collagen in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group was significantly higher than that in ESC group (with t value respectively 32.72, 118.21, 26.71, P values all below 0.01) and control group (with t value respectively 44.37, 22.76, 30.32, P values all below 0.01), while there was no significance between ESC + substance P group and substance P group. On PID 4, 7, and 10, distribution amount of type III collagen in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group was significantly higher than that in ESC group (with t value respectively 32.27, 28.68, 14.51, P values all below 0.01) and control group (with t value respectively 35.68, 22.52, 22.24, P values all below 0.01). (3) A large amount of PGP 9.5 and regeneration of substance P positive nerve fibers, and some peripheral nerve fibers in deep wound extending to epidermis were observed in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group and substance P group. A small amount of PGP 9.5 and regeneration of substance P positive nerve fibers without peripheral nerve fibers extending to epidermis were observed in deep wound tissue of ESC group and control group. On PID 14, 23, ratios of area of PGP 9.5 positive nerve fiber in the wounds of ESC + substance P group were (3.86 ± 0.25)% and (7.03 ± 0.28)%, and they were significantly higher than those of ESC group [(1.48 ± 0.30)%, (3.01 ± 0.43)%, with t value respectively 23.95, 30.27, P values all below 0.01] and control group [(1.46 ± 0.23)%, (2.84 ± 0.29)%, with t value respectively 27.35, 40.32, P values all below 0.01]. On PID 14, 23, ratios of substance P positive nerve fiber area in the wounds of ESC + substance P group were (2.01 ± 0.14)% and (1.19 ± 0.11)%, which were obviously higher than those of ESC group [(0.85 ± 0.17)%, (1.34 ± 0.21)%, with t value respectively 20.50, 2.60, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01] and control group [(0.74 ± 0.15)%, (1.30 ± 0.17)%, with t value respectively 23.98, 2.41, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSJoint application of substance P and ESC can effectively promote healing of wound and nerve regeneration in diabetic rats.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; pathology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Substance P ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the change of the cracks and the influence on overall displacement of the cracked first mandibular molar under different loadings.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element models of first mandibular molar with cracks of different depth and length and a control model with no crack were created firstly. Then six loading conditions were applied to the models simulating the real mastication. The changes of the cracks and displacement of the teeth under the six loadings conditions were obtained by finite element method.

RESULTSThe length and depth of the cracks increased, the cracks of the occlusal surface become wider, and the crack was the widest under the fourth loading condition. Moreover, the edge of the cracks was irregular. The adjacent nodes were not in the same plane. The crack of the distal surface was the widest under the sixth loading condition. Compared to the teeth without cracks, the overall displacement of the teeth with cracks increased, but the increment was limited.

CONCLUSIONThe change of the cracks is closely related to the initial crack forms and loading conditions.

Dental Stress Analysis ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mastication ; Molar ; Tooth ; Tooth Fractures

OBJECTIVETo review the situation of stomatological research projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and to analyze the status of stomatological research and obtained achievements in the past decade.

METHODSThe internet-based science information system of NSFC together with Yearbook of Chinese Stomatology was served as the basis of data collection. All of the data were arranged and analyzed by Excel.

RESULTSA total of 866 projects and 234.4054 billion Yuan were supported by NSFC during the past decade, and they were increasing continuously. The average supportive strength of each single project was also enhanced. The percentage of projects supported by the NSFC for young scientists accounted for the biggest proportion. The approved projects of stomatology were covering an increasingly wide area of the subjects. The projects number of different areas kept growing, and further investigations were done in these projects. The areas number were from 10 increasing to 26.

CONCLUSIONSWith the support of NSFC, great progress has been made in stomatology, and the interdisciplinary research between stomatology and other disciplines is more active.

China ; Databases, Factual ; Foundations ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Oral Medicine ; economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects on chemotherapeutic sensitization of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in diffuse large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines ly1, ly8, ly10.

METHODSThe three cell lines were treated with LY294002, or doxorubicin alone or combined or sequentially respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the level of phospho-AKT after the treatment. Flow cytometry combined with annexin V-FITC assay and Brdu incorporation assay were used to analyze the alterations of cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively.

RESULTSLY294002 decreased the level of phospha-AKT efficiently in the three DLBCL cell lines. The ratio of S phase cells was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Sequential use of LY294002 and doxorubicin increased the ratio of apoptosis and there was significant difference between the sequential group and the other four groups (P < 0.05) at 24, 48, 72(ly1), 48, 72 (ly8) or 24 h (ly10).

CONCLUSIONLY294002 can sensitize doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and may be a potential molecular therapeutic agent targeted at AKT signaling pathway in DLBCL.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThe emergence of heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is increasingly challenging the methods for detection in diagnostic microbiology laboratories. However, the report of hVISA is rare in China. This study summarizes the prevalence and clinical features associated with hVISA infections at our institution and the local impact they have on clinical outcome.

METHODSA total of 122 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates which were of the causative pathogens were collected. One hundred and two patients for whom we had full information of MRSA pneumonia were included. Isolates of MRSA were collected using PCR to detect the mecA gene. Both Etest and macro Etest were performed to screen for hVISA. The Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) types were determined by multiplex PCR strategy. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors.

RESULTSAmong the 122 MRSA isolates collected, 25 (20.5%) strains were identified as hVISA. There were 119 (97.5%) SCCmec III isolates, two (1.6%) SCCmec II isolates, and one (0.8%) SCCmec V isolate. The 30-day mortality of MRSA-hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) was 37.3%, and 62.5% for hVISA-HAP. Vancomycin treatment was the independent risk factor of hVISA. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality in all patients were acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score >20, multiple lobe lesions, and creatinine clearance rate (CCR) < 15 ml/min.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hVISA is 20.5% at our institution. hVISA-HAP patients had a poor clinical outcome. Vancomycin treatment was the independent predictors for hVISA infection. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality in all patients were APACHE II score > 20, multiple lobe lesions and CCR < 15 ml/min.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Tertiary Care Centers ; statistics & numerical data ; Vancomycin ; therapeutic use ; Vancomycin Resistance

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of incomplete Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods Clinical data includi-ng test results,therapeutic methods were analyzed retrospectively in 579 patients with Kawasaki disease.They were divided into classic KD and incomplete KD and made a compared analysis.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,symptom and laboratory examination between classic and incomplete KD.But the rate of coronary artery lesions was higher in incomplete KD(18.4%) than that of classic KD(11%).Conclusion The rate of coronary artery lesions was higher in incomplete KD,and it should be paid more attention to earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment.

XYL1 gene,which encodes xylose reductase with dual coenzyme activity from Candida tropicalis,was transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 by expression vector pGAPZB.The recombination strain was immobilized in Ca-alginate beads and fermentation characterization is studied using corn cob hydrolysates.Fermentation conditions were as follow:initial pH value 6.0,30℃,initial cell concentration of 20%,the Liquid volume of 28%,rotation speed 130r/min.The average xylitol yield was 37.5% on the optimum condition.This result is expected to provide a new alternative method for producing xylitol on a large scale by bioconversion.