Objective To explore the gene expression of interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R)?2 and its relationship to proliferation activity of human gliomas.Methods The gene expression of IL-13R?in 50 hu- man gliomas,2 malignant human glioma cell lines and 6 normal brain tissues were studied by RT-PCR.Ki-67 labeling index (Ki267 LI) of all sample were detecteded by immunohistochemical staining.Results Only one normal brain tissues expressed very low IL-13R?2 mRNA,whereas 35 (70%) of 50 human brain tumors expressed 1L-13R?2 mRNA.The positive rate and expression level of IL-13R?2 mRNA were increased with the ascending of WHO tumor grade.(former:rs=0.87;letter:rs=0.69,P＜0.01).The difference of posi- tive rate and expression level of IL-13R 2?mRNA between the low grade and high grade tumors was statistical- ly significant,the proliferation activity of gliomas evaluated by Ki-67LI (Ki-67 Labeling Index,Ki-67LI) was positively correlated with IL-13R?2 gene expression and the tumor grade.Conclusion In human cerebral gliomas,IL-13R?2 genes may play an role in the malignant progression.The expression level of malignancy in molecular level and selecting the target of gene therapy.

OBJECTIVE Bergapten (BG), is a furanocoumarin derived from herbal and citrus extracts can act as antioxidant and selective anticancer agents.The current study aimed to investigate whether bergapten would attenuate immunosenescence and to exploreits immunomodulatory effects on immune responses in D-galactose-induced aging BALB/c mice.METHODS Firstly,mice were given D-galactose(180 mg·kg-1)subcutaneous injections for 30 d.To evaluate the establishment of the aging-related effect in mice, serum samples of BALB/c mice were collected from tail vein. Aging BALB/c mice were freely divided into three groups: negative control group received 1% Tween 80 solution only, named D-gal group. Positive groups were received BG administration at the dose of 20 and 100 mg·kg-1, named D-gal+BG(20)group and D-gal+BG(100)group,respectively.Effects of bergapten on T lympho-cyte proliferation and flow cytometry were assessed by using the splenic cell suspension. Enzyme linked immunospot kits were used to quantitatively determine interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4) levels of the isolated serum. Immunophenotype was determined by using mixture of antibodies includ-ing anti-CD3,anti-CD4,and anti-CD8.RESULTS Bergapten(20 mg·kg-1)therapy can modulate immu-nity against viral epidemics and attenuate aging-induced immune deficiency(P<0.01),which was correlat-ed with the decline in the activation of the Th and Tc responses in D-galactose induced aging BALB/c mice.According to the in vivo results,bergapten exposure up-regulated the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in T-helper 1(Th1)and T helper 2(Th2)cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).Additionally,BG(20 mg·kg-1)restored antigen-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells in aging models (P<0.05, P<0.01), which may help to curing chronic infections. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of bergapten in D-galactose induced aging BALB/c mice may be due to the Th and Tc responses activation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation( NIPPy) on the gene and protein expression of biquitin-proteasome of skeletal muscle in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).

METHODSSeven patients with AECOPD by NIPPV were used as the study group, meanwhile, 6 patients with AECOPD who refused NIPPV was the control group. The blood gas analysis, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MBp) were monitored before and 14 days after treatment. A skeletal muscle biopsy was performed after 14 days of therapy. The mRNA expression of ribosomal protein S21 (RPS21), Ubiquitin, Ubiquitin combined with enzyme E2 (E2), Ubiquitin ligase E3 (E3) in skeletal muscle cell were measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression of mitochondrial aconitase (AC02), protease C3 (C3), ribosomal protein SLC16 (SLC16) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSForteen days after treatment, the patients in NIPPV group got much better improvement in PaCO2, PaO2 and HR than that of the patients.in the control group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of RPS21,Ubiquitin, E2 and E3 in skeletal muscle cell on patients with NIPPV were obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with that of the control group, the protein expression of C3 and AC2 increased significantly in the NIPPV group (P < 0.01). The protein expression of SLC16 was significantly lowered in the treated group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNIPPV can ameliorate the proteasome pathway and energy metabolic disorders in patients with AECOPD.

Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; therapy ; Ubiquitin ; metabolism

Objective To establish an inactivated viral particle-based ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in serum samples collected from a MERS-CoV associated case. Methods Serum samples were collected from 10 newborns and 40 healthy adults. A viral particle-based ELISA was established by using the inactivated MERS-CoV virions as antigen. The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies in the serum samples were detected by the established ELISA and the cut-off values for positive detection were determined. Then the inactivated MERS-CoV virion-based ELISA was used to detect the antibodies against MERS-CoV in 5 serum samples collected from the first im-ported MERS case in China. Results The cut-off values of IgM and IgG antibodies in serum samples for ELISA were determined to be A450 readings of 0. 32 and 0. 42, respectively. The titers of IgM and IgG anti-bodies in serum samples collected at early admission to hospital from the first imported MERS case in China were both 1 ︰ 40. Seroconversion occurred 2 weeks after his admission to hospital with the titers of IgM and IgG reaching to 1 ︰ 320. Conclusion The inactivated MERS-CoV virion-based ELISA was established successfully and could be used for the detection of serum antibodies (IgG and IgM) in MERS associated cases.

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide (A(s2)O3) on the growth of rat C6 glioma cells (C6 cells) as well as finding out the feasibility of using As2O3 as chemotherapy of gliomas.

METHODC6 cells were treated by different dose of As2O3 (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 micromol L(-1)). MTT assay and staining for PCNA were used for cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL method and Bcl-2 expression was studied by Western blot. Parental rat C6 cells (5 x 10(5)/15 microL) were implanted into right caudate nucleus of male SD rats as control group. Rats bearing cerebral C6 gliomas as treated group were treated with 1 mmol x L(-1) As2O3. The general manifestation, survival time, MRI dynamic scanning and histopathological changes of all rats were observed.

RESULTAll the treated cells showed decreased proliferation in vitro as detected by MTT method (P < 0.01) and staining for PCNA. In situ labeling apoptotic DNA fragment of the treated cells demonatrated that the cell apoptosis significantly increased following treatment with As2O3 (P < 0.01). Western blot showed that the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased. All rats in control group died of cerebral gliomas within 3 weeks after implantation of C6 cells (17.8 +/- 0.92) d. Eight out of 10 rats in treated group died within 24-36 days (32.1 +/- 1.35) d and other 2 ones kept alive beyond 120 days with one treated rat being totally disappear of the tumor foci and another having a little residue of tumor.

CONCLUSIONThe result demonstrates the potential efficacy of As2O3 in the treatment of gliomas. It also suggests that As2O3 may be a good candidate for chemotherapy of human gliomas.

Animals ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; Glioma ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of puerarin on inflammatory response in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) mediated inflammatory cell models were based on palmitic acid (PA) 200 μmol · L-1 stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells.And then,these cells were divided into 4 groups:control group(without PA induction in 3T3-L1 cells),model group,low and high dose experimental groups (5,10 μmol · L-1 puerarin).The mRNA expression of TLR4 was detected by Real-time PCR.The tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were performed using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay.The protein expressions of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ),nuclear factor kappa B inhibitory protein(IκB),nuclear factor kappa B-p65 (NF-κB p65) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells were assessed by Western blot.Results The mRNA expression of TLR4 in control group and model group were 1.20 ± 0.20,6.23 ± 0.80;the level of TNF-α in the two groups were (20.40 ± 2.0),(60.20 ± 8.0) pg · mL-1;the level of IL-6 in the two groups were (4.20 ± 0.2),(14.40 ± 0.4) pg · mL-1.Comparison between control group and model group,the diffemce on the three factors had significantly(all P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,after administration of puerarin,the protein expressions of IKKβ,IκB and NF-κ-p65 in model group were 2.10 ±0.4,4.20 ±0.5,5.50 ±0.2;that in experimental-H group were 1.40 ± 0.3,2.10 ± 0.4,3.60 ± 0.6.Comparison between experimental-H group and model group,the differnce on the three factors had significantly(all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Experimental-H group attenuates palmitate-induced inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,its underlying mechanism include inhibiting expression of TLR4 and downregulating activation of IKKβ,IκB,NF-κB-p65 and decreased expression of TNF-α,IL-6 levels.

Objective To analyze the basic characteristics of the therapy discontinued patients with multi -drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR -TB)and to find the causes of therapy discontinuing.Methods Using case -control study method,a questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the causes of MDR -TB in the treatment of interruption,and to compare the characteristics with the treatment completed patients,and to analyze the risk factors of discontinued therapy among MDR -TB patients.Results The study included 45 cases of therapy discontinued MDR -TB patients,and 45 cases of MDR -TB patients who had completed the treatment as the control.Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that patients with over 65 years old(OR =8.69,95% CI =1.12,67.57),leak medication or drug withdrawal experience (OR =53.18,95% CI =5.90,479.27),were the risk factors of discontinued therapy(P <0.05).Patients with hospitalization for over 15 days was the protective factors for discontinued therpy(OR =0.09,95% CI =0.01,0.58), (P <0.05).Conclusion advanced age≥65 years old,low income,leak medication or drug withdrawal experience short hospitalization periods were related to the risk of MDR -TB patients therapy discontinuing.were the key targets for patient management in the future.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of phloroglucinol in preventing bladder spasm after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

METHODSUsing the random sampling method, we assigned 74 cases of TURP into a treatment group (n = 39), given 80 mg phloroglucinol every day for 3 days, and a control group (n = 35), left untreated. Then we observed the frequency, duration and pain of bladder spasm within the 3 days and compared them between the two groups.

RESULTSThe mean frequency, duration and pain visual analogue score of bladder spasm were (4.3 +/- 1.2) times, (7.2 +/- 2.1) min and 3.2 +/- 1.6 respectively in the treatment group, as compared with (7.5 +/- 2.4) times, (15.6 +/- 6.8) min and 4.7 +/- 2.3 in the control, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). And no obvious adverse reactions were found in the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONPhloroglucinol is safe and effective for the prevention and treatment of bladder spasm following TURP.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phloroglucinol ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; adverse effects ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; etiology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo estimate the frequency of injections and proportion of unsafe injections and to analyses the critical determinants of poor injection practices in general population in China. Also, to study knowledge, attitudes, practice research in providers and general population.

METHODSA random sample consisting residents and health care providers in a rural county was elected and interview about the frequency of received injection, as well as knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding injections were studied.

RESULTSOverall, 1 004 village residents, and 94 providers were interviewed. Among residents, 145 persons (14.4%), with 457 times (0.46 times per person) had received at least one injection during the previous 3 months. The frequency of injection was 1.84 per year. The proportion of received injections on treatment and immunizations was significantly different among > 12 years age group and < or = 12 years age group. Ninety-four point four percent of disposable syringes/needles were used for injections. Knowledge among the population and providers regarding injection safety was limited.

CONCLUSIONInjections were moderately frequent in this rural area and the proportions of disposable syringes/needles used for injections was very high. Knowledge of safe injection and reasonable injection as well as consciousness of self-protection in the providers and residents need to be improved.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disposable Equipment ; statistics & numerical data ; Equipment Reuse ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Rural Health Services ; Safety ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syringes

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of rosiglitazone on atherosclerosis and potential mechanism in ApoE-knockout mice.

METHODSThirty-two 6-week-old ApoE-knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis model in two groups: rosiglitazone group (n = 18) and control group (n = 14). Each group contained equal numbers of male and female mice. All mice were fed with normal chow diet. In addition to normal diet, rosiglitazone group received rosiglitazone 17 mg/kg of body weight/day. Venous bloods were collected for plasma glucose and lipid analysis, and aorta were prepared for morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis after 14 weeks. Aortic root (1 cm) was cut and prepared for paraffin slice. The histomorphometric analysis of atherosclerotic lesion was performed by means of HE; positive percentage of macrophage cell and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured by means of immunohistochemistry in cross section. The ratio of lesion/aortic wall surface in the rest aorta was measured by means of Sudan IV staining in longitudinal section.

RESULTSThe amount of fatty streak in rosiglitazone group was significantly greater than that of control group; the gross number of lesions and the number of fibrous plaque and atheromatous plaque were similar in two groups. There were no differences in percentage of lesions in cross section in two groups. Rosiglitazone could significantly reduce the extend of atherosclerosis of longitudinal section, decrease the amount of macrophage cell and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lesions. The plasma glucose was normal and similar in two groups, and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in rosiglitazone group.

CONCLUSIONRosiglitazone suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, reduces the number of macrophage cell in lesion, and inhibits the development of atherosclerosis.

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; physiology ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Macrophages ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis