AIM: To observe the enhancement of ginsen stem leaves (GSL) to the antitumor effect of 5 FU in mice inoculated S180. METHODS: The different combinations of GSL and 5 FU were used to examine the inhibition rates of tumor growth in KM mice inoculated S180. RESULTS: The combination of GSL (15 mg?kg -1 ) and 5 FU (1.5 mg?kg -1 ) obtained 26.90% of inhibition rates of tumor growth (P

Objective To investigate the effect of combined treatment of p15 gene transfection with arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3)on proliferation and apoptosis of human squamous esophageal carcinoma cell line EC109.Methods Plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-p15 was introdueted into EC109 cell hy the lipo- somes.As_2O_3(2?mol/L)was added to stable transfeeted cells for succedent experiments.The existence of exogenous p15 gene eDNA and the expression of P15 protein were assayed by PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The proliferation and apoptosis were measured by means of MTT,colony forma- tion assay,transmission electron microscopy,The cell cycle and population of apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.Results After transfection,p15 gene mRNA and protein expressed in EC109 cells. Combined p15 transfection with As_O_3,the EC109 cell growth and colony formation were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),compared with either p15 transfected group or treated with As_2O_3 group.After combining p15 transfection with As_2O_3 for 3 days,EC109 cell cycle was more arrested at G_1/S.The population of G_1 phase cells was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the population of S phase cells was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the population of the apoptosis cells was significantly increased(P＜0.01),compared with either p15 transfected group or treated with As_2O_3 group.More obvious apoptosis was found in the group with combined treatment of p15 gene transfection and As_2O_3 by transmission electron microscope.Conclusion p15 gene transfection combined with As_2O_3 show a signifi- cant effect on enhancing proliferation inhibition and could induce more apoptosis on EC109 cells in vitro.

Background: Acute aortic dissection is known as the most dangerous aortic disease, with management and prognosis determined as the disruption of the medial layer provoked by intramural bleeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and necessity of antiplatelet therapy on patients with Stanford Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) who underwent endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Methods: The present study retrospectively analyzed 388 patients with TBAD who underwent EVAR and coronary angiography. The primary outcomes were hemorrhage, death, endoleak, recurrent dissection, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction in patients with and without aspirin antiplatelet therapy at 1 month and 12 months. Results: Of those 388 patients, 139 (35.8%) patients were treated with aspirin and 249 (64.2%) patients were not treated with aspirin. Patients in the aspirin group were elderly (57.0 ± 10.3 years vs. 52.5 ± 11.9 years, respectively, χ2 = 3.812, P < 0.001) and had more hypertension (92.1% vs. 83.9%, respectively, χ2 = 5.191, P = 0.023) and diabetes (7.2% vs. 2.8%, respectively, χ2 = 4.090, P = 0.043) than in the no?aspirin group. Twelve patients (aspirin group vs. no?aspirin group; 3.6% vs. 2.8%, respectively, χ2 = 0.184, P = 0.668) died at 1?month follow?up, while the number was 18 (4.6% vs. 5.0%, respectively, χ2 = 0.027, P = 0.870) at 12?month follow?up. Hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] Type 2) of the aspirin group, and 3 patients (1 BARC Type 2 and 2 BARC Type 5) in the no?aspirin group at 1?month follow?up ( χ2 = 0.005, P = 0.944). New hemorrhage occurred in five patients in the no?aspirin group at 12?month follow?up. Three patients in the aspirin group while five patients in the no?aspirin group had recurrent dissection for endoleak at 1?month follow?up (2.3% vs. 2.2%, respectively, χ2 = 0.074, P = 0.816). Four patients had new dissection in the no?aspirin group at 12?month follow?up (2.3% vs. 3.8%, respectively, χ2 = 0.194, P = 0.660). Each group had one patient with myocardial infarction at 1?month follow?up (0.8% vs. 0.4%, respectively, χ2 = 0.102, P = 0.749) and one more patient in the no?aspirin group at 12?month follow?up. No one had cerebral infarction in both groups during the 12?month follow?up. In the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) subgroup, 44 (31.7%) patients had taken dual?antiplatelet therapy (DAPT, aspirin + clopidogrel) and the other 95 (68.3%) patients had taken only aspirin. There was no significant difference in hemorrhage (0% vs. 1.1%, respectively,χ2 = 0.144, P = 0.704), death (4.8% vs. 4.5%, respectively, χ2 = 0.154, P = 0.695), myocardial infarction (2.4% vs. 0%, respectively,χ2 = 0.144, P = 0.704), endoleak, and recurrent dissection (0% vs. 3.4%, respectively, χ2 = 0.344, P = 0.558) between the two groups at 12?month follow?up. Conclusions: The present study indicated that long?term oral low?dose aspirin was safe for patients with both TBAD and coronary heart disease who underwent EVAR. For the patients who underwent both EVAR and PCI, DAPT also showed no increase in hemorrhage, endoleak, recurrent dissection, death, and myocardial infarction.

AIMTo study the metabolic kinetics of MN9202 in Beagle dog liver microsome.

METHODSBeagle dog liver microsomes were prepared by using ultracentrifuge method. After incubating 0.4 micromol x L(-1) MN9202 with 1 g x L(-1) microsomes for 30 min at 37 degrees C, the reaction was terminated by adding 0.5 mL alkalization. The RP-HPLC was used to determine the drug in the incubation mixture. The Michaelis-Menten parameters Km, and Vmax in Beagle dog liver microsomes were initially estimated by analyzing Lineweave-Brurk plot. Various selective CYP inhibitors were used to investigate their inhibitory effect on the metabolism of MN9202.

RESULTSThe Km, Vmax and CLint of MN9202 were (22.6 +/- 8.0) micromol x L(-1), (0.54 +/- 0.17) micromol x g(-1) x min(-1) and (0.0242 +/- 0.0009) L x g(-1) x min(-1), respectively. The metabolism of MN9202 was significantly inhibited by ketoconazole (Ket) and troleandomycin (Tro) in Beagle dog liver microsomes. Tranylcypromine (Tra) could inhibit the metabolism of drug as well. While other inhibitors showed little inhibitory effect on the metabolism of MN9202.

CONCLUSIONIt was shown that CYP3A and CYP2C19 were involved in MN9202 metabolism. The inhibitors of human CYP3A and CYP2C19 may have potential interaction with MN9202, and this can reduce the metabolism rate and increase the toxicity of MN9202.

Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors ; Dihydropyridines ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Ketoconazole ; pharmacology ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Nitrobenzenes ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Tranylcypromine ; pharmacology ; Troleandomycin ; pharmacology

AIMTo investigate the water-soluble steroidal saponins in total saponin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino and look for new active compounds.

METHODSThe compounds were isolated with silica gel, PTLC and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by acid hydrolysis, physical and chemical data and spectral analysis (IR, NMR, MS, HMQC, HMBC) as well as chemical correlations.

RESULTSThe two steroidal saponins (water-insoluble saponin and water-soluble saponin) were isolated from the total saponin of Dioscorea nipponica Makino. The structures were elucidated as diosgenin 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopy ranosyl (1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), diosgenin 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II).

CONCLUSIONCompound II is a new steroidal saponin and firstly isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino. It was named as dioscin Dc.

Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUNDThe pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is complex and largely unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between modes of cell death in pancreatic acinar cells, the release of cell contents and the inflammatory response of macrophages.

METHODSOur experiment included four groups: group A (the control group), group B (AR42J cells overstimulated by caerulein), group C (AR42J cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and caerulein), and group D (AR42J cells treated with octreotide and caerulein). Apoptosis and oncosis, and the release of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from AR42J cells were detected. Rat macrophages were stimulated by 1 ml supernatant of culture medium of AR42J cells. Finally, NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion by macrophages were detected.

RESULTSOncotic cells in group C increased while apoptotic cells decreased (P < 0.05); cells in group D had the inverse reaction. The release of amylase and LDH changed directly with the occurrence of oncosis. The transcription factor NF-kappaB was activated and secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were significantly higher in group C than in group B (P < 0.05); in group D, these actions were significantly lower than in group B (P < 0.05). This trend was in line with changes in amylase and LDH production.

CONCLUSIONThere is a close relationship between modes of pancreatic acinar cell death, the release of cell contents and the inflammatory reaction of macrophages.

Amylases ; secretion ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Interleukin-1beta ; secretion ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; secretion ; Macrophage Activation ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential diagnosis of type III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis so as to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of the two diseases.

METHODSBased on the clinical data of 4 cases of type III prostatitis and 3 cases of interstitial cystitis, we analyzed the characteristics of the two diseases in such aspects as clinical symptomatology, urodynamics, prostatic fluid microscopy, microbiology and treatment.

RESULTSThe common clinical characteristics of type III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis were indisposition or pain in the subabdomen and/or pelvic floor, but their differences were quite obvious. In interstitial cystitis, longer urine accumulation could cause worse pain in the subabdomen, which could be relieved after micturation, and the bladder capacity was obviously decreased, but with normal prostatic fluid and negative result of microbial culture. It responded to behavior therapy, resiniferatoxin, sodium hyaluronate and water dilation of the bladder under anaesthesia. While type III prostatitis, with white blood cells > 10/HP or < or = 10/HP in the prostatic fluid and negative result of microbial culture, did not respond to the above therapeutic methods that were effective for interstitial cystitis.

CONCLUSIONType III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis, although clinically confusable, can be definitely differentiated from each other according to their characteristic causes and locations.

Adult ; Aged ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; complications ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Prostate Water Pellets (PWP) on serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in rats with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).

METHODSFifty healthy, adult, male Wistar rats with the weight of 180 - 220 g were divided into five groups of ten rats each at random: the control group, model group, high dosage of PWP group, low dosage of PWP group and levofloxacin group. The CBP rat model were created by injecting Escherichia coli (0.2 ml/rat, 10(7)/ml) into prostates. A month later after the model creation, high and low dosage of PWP suspension were used by gavage in CBP rats for 30 days, respectively. Levofloxacin tablets were used by gavage as the positive control, and distilled water was used by gavage in the control and model group. After thirty days, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured with radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha of rats in high and low dosage PWP groups were lower and the difference was significant statistically (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt has effect to treat CBP rat with the PWP and its mechanism may relate with the decreasing levels of proinflammatory cytokines(IL-6 and TNF-alpha) in blood.

Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Chronic Disease ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; blood ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To investigate the characteristics of seroconversion of HBV NAT screening-positive crowd from blood donors in Dongguan city and provide reference for the safety of blood transfution and disease prevention.Methods With retrospective survey, Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was used to analyze 28 800 HBsAg-negative samples by ELISA from blood donors in Dongguan city from August, 2006 to August, 2007 with Roche Cobas AmpliScreen systems; and follow-up research including NAT for HBV-DNA, ELISA for HBsAg and multiple factors analysis for HBV infection was carried out on HBV NAT screening-positive crowd. Results 10 positive poolings were screened from 28 800 samples; after further detection, 2 of these positive poolings were HBV-DNA negative and 8 HBV-DNA positive samples were found. The 10-week follow-up resesrch on these 8 blood donors showed that6 were HBV-DNA positive and HBsAg-negative at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks respectively, 1 wasn't HBsAg positive until 2 weeks and was positive on follow-up, and considered in "window period", 1 was HBV-DNA negative, HBsAg-negative on follow-up. Of these 8,7 were not only migrant labors with poor condition of work, life and health but also in high risk of secondary infection for HBV, in additon they had little idea of therapy or prevention measures of HBV infection and the other 1 was HBV-DNA negative, HBsAg-negative on follow-up, who was in better condition than the above 7 donors. Conclusion NAT is more sensitive than ELISA in screening HBV, but the probability of being false positive of NAT can not be ignored at the same time. On the hand,only screening HBsAg for HBV is relative limitation in high infection region of China. Some factors would have effect on the serum conversion of blood donors including the quality of work and life, therapy or prevention measures.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of application of empowerment theory on patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).Methods Sixty-four patients with IBS-D were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,each with 32 cases.The control group received routine nursing care,and the experimental group received empowerment theory for nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing care.The curative effect and treating compliance in the two groups were compared,and the quality of life before and after intervention was assessed by IBS-QOL.Results The curative effect was 84.3％ in the experimental group after intervention,and 59.5％ in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.95,P ＜ 0.05).The score of treating compliance was (36.12 ± 5.84) in the experimental group after intervention,and (29.51 ± 5.36) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.717,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of IBS-QOL in all factors between two groups were no statistically significant before intervention (P ＞0.05).The scores of IBS-QOL in all factors excluding picky eaters dimension in the experimental group after intervention were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Empowerment theory helps to improve the patients' quality of life and treating compliance,and enhance the curative effects.