BACKGROUND: Myelination following axonal regeneration is a key factor affecting the recovery of spinal cord injury. Oligodendrocyte survival directly affects the myelination following axonal regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into oligodendrocytes induced by neurotrophic factors. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The cell molecular biology in vitro study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital from September 2006 to June 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 5 Sprague Dawley rats aged 2-4 weeks, of both gender were selected. Bilateral femur and tibia bone marrow was obtained to harvest BMSCs. METHODS: At passage 4, BMSCs were incubated in serum-free medium, supplemented with N2, 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor for 48 hours, and incubated in medium containing 500 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor I and N2 for 3 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological changes were observed using an phase contrast microscope. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was utilized to detect specific marker mRNA expression of oligodendrocytes. Using neuron marker anti-microtubule-associated protein, astrocyte marker anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, oligodendrocyte marker anti-galactocerebroside, anti-myelin basic protein antibody, immunocytochemical staining was performed to detect the positive rate of the differentiation of BMSCs into oligodendrocytes. RESULTS: Morphological changes in BMSCs during the differentiation into oligodendrocytes: After the induction, a majority of BMSCs presented the morphological characteristics of oligodendrocytes. Cytoplasm retraction towards nucleus, cell process extension towards outwards, and strong refraction were found. With the prolongation of time, several cell processes connected and formed a typical net-shape structure. Specific marker mRNA expression of oligodendrocytes: Following induction, specific strap of myelin basic protein mRNA and galactocerebroside mRNA could be detected. Positive rate of oligodendrocytes: During induction, the positive rates of galactocarebroside, myelin basic protein and microtubule-associated protein were 65%, 45% and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor can effectively promote the directional differentiation of BMSCs into oligodendrocytes.

The levels of urine thromboxane B, (TXB2) and 6-keto-PGF1a were measured by radioimmunoassay in 24 patients with lupus nephritis and 12 normal subjects. The results showed that the level of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6- keto- PGF1x in urine were significantly higher, while the level of urine 6-keto-PGF1x( was lower in patients with lupus nephritis than that in normal group. The ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a in urine was correlated positively to the content of urine protein. These results indicate that there is TXA2-PGI2 imbalance in the kidney in patients with lupus nephritis. TXA2 can play an important pathogenetic role in the progression of lupus nephritis in patients. The ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1x in urine may serve as a parameter in evaluating patients with lupus nephritis.

AIM: To improve the acute cumulative death rates method (ACD method) in animal by oral administration. METHODS: A mathematic model was established to evaluate the dose-toxic effect relationship by twice oral administration and the experimental steps were improved too. The methodological quality was explored using the simulation data from computer program and the real experimental date from the reference paper. RESULTS: The results showed that the experimental data could be fitted to its theoretical data from LD_5/2 to LD_ 95/2. Concentration-time curve after po ordinary powder of Semen Strychni in mice were fitted to a one-compartment with T_ 1/2(ka)= 1.136 h,T_ 1/2(ke)= 7.100 h,and T_ max= 3.576 h. CONCLUSION: The improved ACD method can be used in the pharmacokinetics of TCM by oral administration.

Objective A systematic study to classify mixed gallbladder stones to determine their relationship with Clonorchis sinensis infection.Methods 349 consecutive patients with mixed gallbladder stones were enrolled into this study and their gallstones were studied.The material composition of gallbladder stones was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy,and the distribution and microstructure of the material components were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy.The composition and distribution of the elements were analyzed by an X-ray energy spectrometer.Gallbladder stones were classified accordingly,and the stones were then grinded for microscopic examination.The stones were divided into two groups based on the results of detection of clonorchis sinensis eggs.Patients were also divided into two groups according to the patients' region (high-incidence and low-incidence regions of Clonorchis sinensis infection).The diversity of the subtypes of mixed gallbladder stones was compared.Results 14 subtypes were found,including Bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones (n =134),Cholesterol-bilirubinate mixed stones (n =87),Bilirubinate-phosphate mixed stones (n =39),Cholesterol-calcium carbonate mixed stones (n =30),Cholesterol-bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones (n =15),etc.Bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones were the main subtype of egg-positive mixed gallbladder stones and the patients were from high-incidence regions.Cholesterol-bilirubinate mixed stones were the main subtype of egg-negative mixed gallbladder stones and patients were from low-incidence regions.The differences of the subtypes constituent between the high-incidence and low-incidence regions groups were significant (P ＜ 0.05),and between the egg-positive and egg-negative groups were also significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The most common subtypes of mixed gallbladder stones were bilirubinate-calcium carbonate mixed stones,while the second was cholesterol-bilirubinate mixed stones.Clonorchis sinensis infection was mainly associated with Bilirubinatecalcium carbonate mixed stones.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of clarithromycin on prostatitis induced by NG,CT and U?U.METHODS:56cases of venereal disease-related prostatitis were treated with oral clarithromycin in combination with prostatic massage and hip bath.7days after withdrawing drug,examination of prostatic secretion(EPS)and detection of pathogens were carried out.RESULTS:Total effective rate was82.1%;negative turn rate was92.9%;87.5%EPS routine came back to normal;no obvious ARDs were found.CONCLUSION:Clarithromycin is high in therapeutic effect,slight in ad?verse reactions and convenient in administration.It is suitable for treatment of venereal disease-related prostatitis.

BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,there are some patients with labial inclined anterior teeth which influence their appearance,but they refuse orthodontic treatment because of many factors such as long-term treatment.Alternatively,these patients can receive aesthetics restoration with re-directional post-core and crown.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of three kinds of post-core materials on fracture resistant ability of labial inclined maxillary central incisor with different changed angles.METHODS:Seventy-five maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into three groups:group Ⅰ was restored with Co-Cr post-core and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown,group Ⅱ was restored with 50％ gold alloy post-core and PFM crown,group Ⅲ was restored with everStick fiber post and composite resin core and PFM crowns.Each group then was divided into five subgroups based on angles between the post-core and long axis of the tooth (0°,10°,20°,30°,40°).All specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and fixed in electronic universal testing machine.Force was loaded to each specimen until fracture occurred,and the maximum load values of fracture and the fracture mode were recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The fracture resistance of group Ⅲ was superior to groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P ＞ 0.05).The maximum load value of the three groups decreased as the changed angle increased.The fracture of group Ⅲ mostly appeared on the 1/3 of the root neck,while the fracture of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ mostly appeared on the 1/3 of root central or the 1/3 of the root neck.So,the fracture resistance and fracture mode of central incisor under changed angles restored with everStick fiber post were superior to that with cast metal post-core.During re-directional restoration of labial inclined maxillary anterior teeth,everStick fiber post is recommended as a better choice to reduce the risk of catastrophic fractures.Also it suggests that excessive changed angle should be avoided to prevent root fracture.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have found that stem cellpluripotency and differentiation is regulated by many long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). The expression and effect of LncRNA AK089560 during differentiation of stem cells is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of LncRNA AK089560 in mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2 undergoing osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. METHODS:Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2 was induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining. The adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2 was induced by three factors (dexamethasone, indomethacin and insulin) and evaluated by oil red O staining. The dynamical expression of LncRNA AK089560 was detected by qRT-PCR assay. The AK089560 secondary structure was predicted using RNAfold software. The relationship between AK089560 and neighboring protein-coding genes was analyzed using UCSC genome browser and visualized by fancyGENE online software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Over 70%of C3H10T1/2 cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase after osteogenic induction and more than 80%of the cells positive for oil red O staining after adipogenic induction. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of LncRNA AK089560 at days 2, 4, 6 of both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a stem-loop structure for AK089560 and sense overlap relationship between AK089560 and protein-encoding gene Sema3a. These findings indicate that LncRNA AK089560 expression is reduced during osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation, showing that AK089560 may be involved in regulating the multi-directional differentiation of stem cells.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and relevant mechanism of shuxuening Injection (SI) in treating patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSTotally 91 patients with active UC were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 44 in the control group and 47 in the treatment group. Patients in the control group received routine treatment, while patients in the treatment group additionally received intravenous injection of SI (15 mL), twice daily for 14 days in total. Colonoscopy was performed before and after treatment. The therapeutic effect was assessed by Mayo scoring system and the grading of activities evaluated by Baron endoscope. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The activity of SOD was detected by xanthine oxidase method. The content of MDA was detected by thiobarbituricacid (TBA). Besides, 20 healthy subjects were recruited as the healthy control group.

RESULTSTotally 82 patients completed the study (40 in the control group and 42 in the treatment group). There was no statistical difference in serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, SOD, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading between the two groups before treatment (P >0. 05). Compared with the healthy control group, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA significantly increased (P <0.01), and the serum SOD level decreased (P < 0. 05) in the treatment grup and the control group before treatment. Compared with before treatment in the same group, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased in the treatment group and the control group after treatment (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Compared with the control group after treatment, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased (P <0.01, P <0.05), the serum SOD level increased (P <0.05) in the treatment group after treatment. The serum SOD level was obviously negative correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-a, Mayo score, and endoscope score (r = -0. 621, -0.638, -0. 509, -0.787, P <0.01). The serum MDA level was obviously positive correlated with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, Mayo score, and endoscope score (r =0.711, 0. 882, 0. 525, 0. 639, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSI could improve inflammatory injury and clinical symptoms of patients with active UC, and its mechanism might be associated with antioxidant and scavenging oxygen free radicals.

Colitis, Ulcerative ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T and TCM syndrome type in essential hypertension (ET) patients.

METHODSThe gene mutation frequency of AGT M235T in 168 ET patients and 42 nomotensive (NT) subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.

RESULTSThere was a significant difference in AGT M235T gene mutation between patients of Gan-fire exuberant type and those of yin-yang deficiency type (P < 0.01), homozygote type TT appeared with higher frequency. Multivariate regression linear analysis demonstrated that the genotypes of AGT M235T was correlated with the prognosis of ET to a certain degree.

CONCLUSIONGene mutation of AGT M235T may be associated with the genesis and development of ET, and the TCM syndrome type of ET has its own intrinsic molecular biological background.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensinogen ; genetics ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early clinical effects and radiological outcome of dynamic cervical implant (DCI) internal fixation in treating cervical spondylosis, and evaluate its safety and efficiency.

METHODSFrom June 2009 to December 2011, 19 patients with cervical spondylosis correspond to the indication of DCI internal fixation in the study, including 5 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and 14 cases of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. There were 8 males and 11 females, aged from 35 to 54 years with a mean of 43.2 years. Pathological segments included C3,4 in 1 case, C4,5 in 6, C5,6 in 6, C6,7 in 4, C3,4 and C5,6, C6,7 in 2. All patients were treated with anterior discectomy and decompression and DCI internal fixation, meanwhile, 2 cases of them with anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion plate fixation. Clinical evaluation included Modified Japanese orthopedics association (mJOA), neck disability index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS) score and patient satisfaction index (PSI) at pre-operation and final follow-up. Radiographic evaluation included flexion/extension lateral view at operative level and adjacent segment. The adjacent level degeneration was analyzed according to Miyazaki classification on MRI images.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 42 months with an average of 19.8 months. Preoperative mJOA score was 13.6±1.1 and at final follow-up was 16.3±1.2 with improvement rate of 85.0%. Preoperative VAS,NDI was 6.6± 1.4, 17.1±7.4 and at final follow-up was 1.4±0.8, 6.1±3.9, respectively; there was statistical significance in all above-mentioned results between preoperative and final follow-up (P<0.05). Preoperative ROM at operation level was (7.6±1.9)° and final follow-up was (7.8+2.1)°; preoperative ROM at C2-C7 was (38.6±7.2)° and final follow-up was (39.9±6.4)°; there was no statistical significance in all above-mentioned results between preoperative and final follow-up (P>0.05). Preoperative DHI at operation level was (6.3±1.1) mm and final follow-up was (7.1±0.8) mm, there was statistical significance in DHI between preoperative and final follow-up (P<0.05). No heterotopic ossification was found. All patients followed up MRI, degeneration of 3 segments aggravated 1 degree in 38 adjacent segments, without clinical symptom.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of cervical spondylosis with dynamic cervical implant can got satisfactory outcome in early follow-up. Activity of operative segment obtain reservation in some degree. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration is lower and no adjacent segment disease occur. Nevertheless a longer follow-up time should be needed to assess the long term functionality of the DCI and the influence on adjacent levels.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostheses and Implants ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spondylosis ; physiopathology ; surgery