Changes of spinal evoked potentials (SEP) were observed in rats by stimulating the sciatic nerves on both sides under various pressure conditions (normal, hyperbaric, rapid decompression, safe decompression, and recompression treatment) and in acute anoxia.It was observed that occurence of acute decompression sickness(DCS)was related with changes of SEP.The changes of SEP late compo-nents(N3, P3, N2)occurred earlier than SEP early components ( P2, N1, P1 ) .It was shown that in using SEP method to monitor DCS,late components were more sensitive as compared with early components and special attention should be given to the amplitudes of SEP.As soon as changes of late components appeared, acute DCS would follow.If recompression would be given at this point, DCS could be reduced or eliminated.when early components showed changes, DCS was in such a stage as to cause immediate death of the animals.Recompression had no effects at this point.The late components and early components, therefore,were of significantly different value in reflecting the level of DCS.N2 wave was an important key.The results suggest that using the SEP mothod to monitor acute DCS is a sensitive and accurate way.

This paper introduces a multi-function adjustable anesthetic laryngoscope.The laryngocope or called tongue-spatula can be adjusted freely in length between12-14cm and in ante-posterior diameter between 2.8-4.5cm according to patients＇condition.An oxygen -supply pipe and suction tube are settled on the bottom and side of tongue-spatula to provide oxygen and absorb phlegm simultaneously on exposure of glottis.The tongue-spatula not only fits for normal adults but also for those with high prominewtia,short neck,long epiglottis, absent of incisor teeth as well as tall and fatty persons.It has got satisfying result in 29 cases of medical experiment.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingyi Decoction (a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine) between two different routes of the administration by using nasogastric tube or nasojejunal tube for treatmnent of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods A total of 79 SAP patients enrolled were randomly divided into nasogastric tube group (n =41) and nasojejunal tube group (n =38) according to the random number table method.In addition to the conventional therapy,they were treated with Qingyi Decoction administered by using nasogastric tube or nasojejunal tube.Results After treatment for 14 days,the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),procalcitonin (PCT) and white blood cell count (WBC),urinary bladder pressure,and APACHE Ⅱ score in nasojejunal tube group were significantly lower than those in nasogastric tube group (P ＜ 0.05).The time required for the recovery of bowel sounds,length of abnormal serum amylase persistence,the duration of abdominal pain,the time necessary for mechanical respiratory support in nasojejunal tube group was significantly shorter than those in nasogastric tube group.The blood fungus infection rate and pulmonary fungus infection rate in nasojejunal tube group were significantly lower than those in nasogastric tube group,and 28-day survival rate in nasojejunal tube group was significantly higher than that in nasogastric tube group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The nasojejunal tube route for the administration of Qingyi Decoction for the treatment of SAP can effectively alleviate the severity of patient's condition,shorten the time required for improving clinical symptoms,reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality,and it is worthy of further popularization in clinical practice.

This paper, based on recent 10 years pharmacological experimental studies, reviews the effects of total flavones of epimedium on cardiovascular system, circulatory system, immune system and bone marrow system, etc.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of different ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ ATP) channel openers. Pinacidil and Diazoxide, on myocardium injury in isolated rabbit hearts caused by ischemia/reperfusion and the possible changes after application of ATP-sensitve potassium channel blocker, 5-HD. Methods Observation was made on rabbit hearts perfused with a Langendorff apparatus. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into five respective groups: 1. Pinacidil (Group P), 2. Diazoxide (Group D), 3. 5-HD+Pinacidil (Group HP), 4. 5-HD+Diazoxide (Group HD) and 5. the control (Group C). All groups were subjected to 40 minutes of occlusion, followed by 20 minutes of reperfusion as cardiac arrested by cold cardioplegia. Any one of Pinacidil, Diazoxide , Pinacidil or Diazoxide mixed with 5-HD was infused 15 minutes before cardioplegic heart rested in the experimental group. Cardiac tissue ultrastructure, hemodynamics variables, levels of adenine nucleotides and lipid peroxide of the myocardium were measured. Results (1) In Group P, Group D and Group HP, the recovery of myocardial contractility and heart rate after reperfusion was faster but MDA level and the amount of albumen released were lower than Group C. Moreover levels of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were much higher compared with Group C. (2) In Group HP the recovery of myocardial contractility and heart rate was not as good as Group P, but its myocardium MDA level and amount of albumen released was higher than group P. Conclusion ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel openes may enhance myocardial protection against ischemia /reperfusion injury. The above effect of myocardial protection was only partially closed down by ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker: 5-HD. The mitoK_ ATP channels on myocardium may be an important pathway of protection during ischemia/reperfusion process.

The latest literature concerning operative treatment for distal radius fracture was reviewed to find out the newest developments in this field.This paper summarizes bilateral internal fixation with combined palmar and dorsal incisions,dorsal open reduction and plate internal fixation,internal fixation with LCP(locking compression plate),dorsal Pi-plate internal fixation combined with external fixators,and arthroscopic treatment of distal radius fractures,for they are reported to have reached excellent or good results.The reports show that each subtype of distal radius fractures merits a unique approach,because distinct fracture patterns result from different mechanisms of injury.

Dermatitis and eczema are allergic relapsing inflammatory skin disorders. The precise mechanisms still are unclear. Experimental animal models are indispensable tools to study the pathogenic mechanisms and test novel therapy. A considerable number of mouse models have been proposed and used to study specific aspects of the disease. This paper summarizes the currently available animal models.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the hydrolysis process of linarin by response surface methodology, and to use the model of aldose reductase to study the acacetin's activity of aldose reductase inhibitory.

METHODThe model of acacetin enzyme in vitro was established by the determination of fluorescence absorption of NADPH, the inhibition rate of acacetin aldose reductase was calculated, and then the IC50 of hydrolysis was obtained. The hydrolysis process of linarin hydrolysis condition was optimized by using response surface method.

RESULTThe results indicated that the IC50 of acacetin (2.74 mg x L(-1)) was less than the IC50 of linarin (3.53 mg x L(-1)). Hydrolyzation time of 7.4 h, sulphuric acid concentration of 0.54 mol x L(-1) and the ratio of material to liquid of 3 : 1 were the optimum conditions.

CONCLUSIONHydrolyzate acacetin has preferable inhibitory activity of aldose reductase. The optimized hydrolysis condition of linarin is convenient to use with good predictability.

Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retina ; enzymology

AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of paeonol on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. METHODS The injury model in PC12 cells was generated by H2O2 treatment. The cell viability was determined using methylthiazolyl tetrazolium reduction assay. Apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content were measured by spectroscope respectively. RESULTS After PC12 cells were treated with H2O2 (100 μmol*L-1) for 10 h,its viability obviously decreased, and apoptotic cells, LDH release into the culture media, ROS and MDA contents in PC12 cells significantly increased. When the cells were pretreated with paeonol (12, 25 and 50 μmol*L-1)for 1 h prior to incubation with H2O2, its viability was greatly increased, and apoptotic cells, LDH release, ROS and MDA contents significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Paeonol protects PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and this effect is probably achieved through its antioxidative action.

Objective o investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of montelukast,a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (CysLT1R) antagonist,on the delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) in rat model of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and to explore the possible underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 90 rats were acclimated for one week prior to screening rat by Morris water maze test.Ten rats were randomly assigned to control group (Con group),and the remaining 80 rats were subjected to modified method of intraperitoneal injection of CO gas to establish animal model of acute CO poisoning,Thereafter,the survival rats randomized into CO poisoning group (Mod group),low-dose montelukast group (ML group),medium-dose montelukast group (MM group),high-dose montelukast group (MH group) (n =10 each).Montelukast was accordingly administered via intragastric tube at different intervals (30 min,4 h and 12 h) after CO poisoning,and then montelukast was administered every 12 hours for 7 consecutive days.The rats of control group and Mod group received equal volume of normal saline instead at given intervals.Twenty-one days after CO exposure,the average escape latency was measured by Morris water maze test to screen DNS rats followed by H-E staining to observe the pathological changes of cortex and hippocampal CA1 region and TUNEL was used to assess the apoptosis of neurons in cortex and hippocampal CA1 region after rats sacrificed.Results All CO-exposed rats exhibited cognition function lowered,and the escape latency (seconds) in Mod group (43.3 ± 15.5),ML group (31.5 ± 13.2) and MH groups (30.1 ± 12.2) was significantly prolonged compared with Con group (12.1 ± 3.0) (P ＜ 0.05),whereas the difference between MM group (15.0 ± 6.6) and Con group was statistically insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with Mod group,the escape latency in montelukast treatment groups was shortened,whereas the significant difference in escape latency only found between Mod group and MM group (P ＜ 0.05).Except for Con group,DNS was evident in CO-exposed groups,and the numbers of DNS rats in Mod,ML,MM and MH groups were 8,5,1,4,respectively,which made statistically significant differences to Con group (P ＜ 0.05) except MM group.The DNS incidence in MM group was lower than that in Mod group (P ＜ 0.05).Mod group exhibited severe histopathological injury to the brain,with evident apoptosis of neural cells,whereas in the groups with montelukast treatment,histopathological damage to the brain was mitigated and the number of apoptotic neuronal cells was diminished noticeably in MM group.Conclusion Montelukast can ameliorate the cognitive function of rats,decrease the incidence of DNS and reduce the apoptosis of neural cells as well as attenuate neuronal cell injury,thus exerting neuroprotection against DNS in rats with CO poisoning.