No abstract available.
Korea* ; Tic Disorders* ; Tics*

The author evaluated the optimal concentration of 3 compositions of TIC medium which has used as the melanacytes culture medium. The concentrations of placental extract and bovine pituitary extract, which have the ability to promote proliferation of melanocytes, were evaluated also. Modified TIC medium with above 5 components of evaluated concentration was very effective in melanocytes culture. The results were as follows : l. 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity at the concentration of 30ngml (p(0.05) 2. Isobutylmet:hyl xanthine (IBMX) showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity at the concentration of 0.3mM (p(0.05) 3. Cholera toxin (CT) showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity at the concentration of )OnM (p(0.05) 4. Two percentages of placental extract in culture medium showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity. S. Two percentages of bovine pituitary extract in culture medium showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity. 6. Placental extract and isobutylmethyl xanthine proved to have high melanocytes proliferating activity. 7. Melanocytes proliferated rapidly on modified TIC medium (Proliferation doubling time . about 43 hours) 8. The peak time of melanocytes proliferation (7.2 X 10/cm) was observed on the seventh day of culture, From this data, this culture system can be recommended as a new melanocytes culture.
Cholera Toxin ; Humans* ; Melanocytes* ; Tics ; Xanthine

Washboard nail is a dystrophy that presents as a series of ridges that extends across the nail. It is often accompanied by a central depression that extends from the cuticle to the free edge. Washboard nail is often a result of frequently repeated trauma, but sometimes predisposing factors cannot be found. When habitual tic is the cause of the lesions, restraining the habit is the most important treatment. Here, we report a case of a 6-year-old male with washboard nails on both thumbnails and was treated with topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. Significant improvement was observed after 4 months of application. This case suggests that topical tacrolimus can be considered as a primary therapy in the treatment of washboard nails in the absence of trauma.
Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Nails ; Tacrolimus ; Tics

Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Myoclonus ; diagnosis ; Tics ; diagnosis

No abstract available.
Central Nervous System* ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Tics*

The authors report a case of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and emotional lability. This is a 12-year-old girl who developed normally until the age of 11, when she had a high fever with headache followed by abnormal tic movement, emotional lability, ands high antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer. The case illustrates difficulties in diagnosing and treating the PANDAS.
Child ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Streptococcal Infections ; Tics

BACKGROUND: To minimize the side effects of radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy by making a more selective minimal lesion for the target division of a trigeminal rootlet, we performed this study to evaluate the effectiveness and the selectivity of radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy using a 2 mm active tip electrode as compared to a 5 mm active tip electrode. METHODS: The authors evaluated 36 cases, in which radiofrequency thermocoagulation of a trigeminal rootlet was performed using a 2 mm active tip electrode or a 5 mm active tip electrode at 75oC for 60 seconds in patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. One month after each operation, we assessed the clinical effects, selectivity, and the side effects of these operations. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients, 34 patients experienced loss of tic pain. In terms of effectiveness, no difference was found between the two groups. In terms of selectivity, some superiority was shown by the 2 mm active tip electrode, but this was not statistically significant. Masseter weakness or dysesthesia occurred in six patients who suffered from tic pain in the V3 region, and who were operated upon with a 5 mm active tip electrode. Major complications like anesthesia dolorosa, and corneal anesthesia were absent in any patients. CONCLUSIONS: For target specific lesion generation of trigeminal rootlets, single lesion generation using a 2 mm active tip electrode may be as clinically effective as a 5 mm tip and is more selective in use.
Anesthesia ; Electrocoagulation ; Electrodes* ; Humans ; Paresthesia ; Rhizotomy* ; Tics ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

Tic disorder is a childhood neuropsychological disorder characterized by abrupt, involuntary, and repetitive stereotyped muscle movement or vocal sound. Tourette's disorder shows a chronic prognosis, and can last for life if no treatment is applied. Although tic disorder has been known for ages, the underlying cause is still not well known. Non-pharmacological treatments have long been used for the tic disorder, but few clinical studies were conducted. However, the European Society for the Study of Tourette's Syndrome recently issued non-pharmacologic guidelines for treatment of tic disorders based on the research findings obtained so far. In addition, guidelines for non-pharmacologic evidence-based treatment were reported in Canada, North America. By synthesizing the newly reported foreign guidelines for treatment and review articles, the aim of this study is to investigate the non-pharmacologic therapies used for treatment of tic disorder or Tourette's disorder.
Canada ; North America ; Prognosis ; Tic Disorders ; Tics* ; Tourette Syndrome*

Chemical destruction of Gasserian ganglion by either alcohol or phenol has remained a popular form of treatment for tic pain. However, control of the lesion size is inaccurate and various complications have often resulted. With advent of radiofrequency generator, percutaneous coagulation of the Gasserian ganglion is now possible, and the need for open surgery or chemical destruction have been drastically reduced. We treated 3 cases of trigeminal neuralgia with the radiofrequency current. Modified Hartel's anterior appaorch for the injection of the Gasserian ganglion is utilized and the radiofrequency lesions were made in the second branches of the trigeminal nerve selectively preserving the touch sensation in our patients. We reviewed the literature and described the technical procedures.
Humans ; Phenol ; Sensation ; Tics ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

BACKGROUND: The biosynthesis of melanin is initiated by the enzymatic oxidation of L-tyrosine to L-dopa by tyrosinase. Some precursors of melanin are cytotoxic, and melanoma cells are killed as a risk of exposare to excess tyrosine or dopa in the culture medium. However, there have been few observations of the effects of L-tyrosine on cultured normal human melanocyte. OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate whether exogenous tyrosine induces cytotoxicity in cultured normal human melanocytes as in melanoma cells, we examined the effects of L-tyrosine on proliferation and melanization in normal human melanocytes. METHODS: A melanocyte culture was produced with a modified TIC medium. L-tyrosine was added to the culture medium, 100, 200, 400, and 800uM. After 2 days of incubation, the proliferation was measured by methylthiazol tetrazolium(MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay. The melanin contenis were also measured by the modified Whittaker's method. RESULTS: On MTT assay, the proliferation of melanocytes had been stirnulated significantly (p< 0.05) in all L-tyrosine added groups. On SRB assay, the proliferation of melanocytes had heen stimulated significantly (p<005) in 200, 400, 800uM of L-tyrosine added groups. The melanin contents had increased in all L-tyrosine added groups, and had increased significantly (p<0.05) in 400uM of L-tyrosine added group. CONCLUSION: L-tyrosine is not toxic to normal melanocytes, It stimulates the proliferation and melnization of cultured normal human melanocytes.
Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Humans* ; Levodopa ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Melanoma ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Tics ; Tyrosine*