Objective To investigate the influence of heat and moisture exchanger filter(HMEF)on the temperature of inhaled and endotracheal gas during mechanical ventilation. Methods Thirty patients (ASAI-II) were selected and divided randomly into 2 groups: control group and HMEF group. The temperature of inhaled gas was monitored with hygrothermograph and the temperature of endotracheal gas was monitored with temperature probe. Baseline values were set at the moment of intubation and then the values were recorded at the first hour after intubation and the second hour after intubation. Results With the increase of the mechanical ventilation time, the temperature of inhaled and endotracheal gas decreased significantly in control group and increased significantly in HMEF group; The temperature of both inhaled and endotracheal gas in HMEF group were significantly higher than that in control group at the moment of the first hour after intuba- tion and the second hour after intubation; There was correlation between the temperature of inhaled gas and the temperature of endotracheal gas at the moment of intubation, but it was not the same at the moment of the first hour after intubation or the second hour after intubation. Conclusion HMEF can make the cold inhaled gas warmer when it reached the trachea; Temperature probe may be better than hygrothermograph for monitoring the temperature of trachea.

0.05). However, the sedation score of patients in the control group was signicantly greater than that in the experimental group during the rst 20 hours and more dizziness occurred in the control group (P

Objective To observe the analgesic effects and the side effects of fentanyl after the FESS with general anesthesia.Methods 101 adult male patients,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ,undergoing elective FESS were divided into two groups randomly,received fentanyl through PCA or no analgesia.The PCA device was set at background infusion 0.1?g/(kg?h),bolus dose 0.4?g/kg?time,lockout time 15 minutes.The maximum dose is 600?g per day.Virtual signs,VAS,Ramsay sedation,dizzy,nausea,vomit and appetite were observed after the operation for two days.Results The VAS of the two groups is significant different in the time of the second morning and 24 hours later after the operation(P

OBJECTIVE To evaluate theanalgesic efficiency and safety of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil, lornoxicam and sufentanil combined with lornoxicam after Han-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP) surgery. METHODS Sixty patients after H-UPPP surgery for PCIA were randomly divided into three groups: group S (sufentanil 2.0 ?g/kg), group L (lornoxicam 0.5 mg/kg) and group SL (sufentanil 1.0 ?g/kg + lornoxicam 0.4 mg/kg). The efficiency of analgesia was assessed by VAS (visual analogue scale) and Ramsay score at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after PCIA. The MAP, HR, SpO2 and side effects were also recorded. RESULTS Group S and SL showed good pain relief and sedation. In Group L VAS score was higher but Ramsay score was lower than that of group S and SL at 2, 6, 12 hours after PCIA (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentration of propofol on the anoxic response of primary cultured hippocampal neurons Methods Newborn (

Objective To evaluate the effects of controlled heart rate (HR) on the nasal mucosa blood flow (NMBF) during nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced controlled hypotension in the patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods Seventy-two ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,weighing 49-85 kg,with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 and Lund-Mackay score between 7 and 15,scheduled for elective endoscopic sinus surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =36 each) using a random number table:NTG group (group N) and NTG-induced controlled hypotension combined with esmolol group (group E).Controlled hypotension was induced with continuous iv infusion of NTG at 1-3 μg· kg-1 · min-1 before surgery,and MAP was maintained at 70％ of baseline value until the end of surgery.In group E,when MAP was decreased to 70％ of baseline value,esmolol was infused intravenously at 20-100 μg· kg-1 · min-1,the consumption was adjusted according to the HR,and the HR was maintained at 60-70 beats/min until termination of controlled hypotension.Before induction of anesthesia (T0),after topical anesthesia (T1),at 15,30 and 45 min of controlled hypotention (T2-4),and at packing hemostasis at the end of surgery (T5),HR,stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were recorded.NMBF was monitored at T1-T4.Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery and jugular blub at T1-T5 for blood gas analysis.Arteriovenous blood O2 difference (Da-jvO2) and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated.The quality of the surgical field in terms of blood loss was rated by the same attending surgeon.Results Compared with group N,HR,SV and CO at T2-T5,NMBF at T2-T4 and the volume of blood loss in the surgical field was significantly decreased in group E (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in Da-jvO2 and CERO2 between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Controlled HR (60-70 beats/min) can reduce the NMBF during nitroglycerin-induced controlled hypotension in the patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery without causing tissue hypoperfusion.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of target-controlled infusion (TCI) sedation with low dose ketamine and propofol during rigid cystoscopy in elderly male patients. Methods Forty-five elderly male patients with I - III grade of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)rigid cystoscopy examination were divided into 3 groups randomly: group A, 2% lydocaine gel was filled in urethra, n=15; group B, 2% lydocaine gel filled with propofol TCI sedation, n=15; group C, 2% lydocaine gel filled with combined ketamine and propofol TCI sedation, n= 15. The mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2)were measured at 5 time points; preoperation, during local anesthesia, inserting the scope, during testing and the end of testing. The concentration of effect room, wake time when alertness and calm grading (OAA/S)was 3 scores in B and C groups and visual analogue scale( VAS) score of pain after operation were detected. Results The MAP and HR at the time point of inserting the scope in group A had significant difference,compared with preoperation(P0. 05) . In group A, 10 cases pain VAS score were light pain, 4 moderate and 1 severe. In group B and C,no pain and no memory of the operation were reported. Conclusions TCI sedation with low dose of ketamine and propofol in elderly male patients under rigid cystoscope has good effects on sedation, analgesia and anterograde amnesia. The hemodynamics is stable and wake time is short.

Objective To investigate the effects of lidocaine and ketamine on resting membrane potentials of primary cultured anoxic hippocampal neurons using patch-clamp technique. Methods Hippocampal neurons were isolated from newborn Wistar rats (

Objective Propofol has been found to have anti-lipid peroxidation effect. We aimed to evaluate the effects of propofol on primarily cultured hippocampal neurons injured by glutamic acid. Methods Hippocampal neurons were obtained from newborn Wistar rats (within 24 h after birth) and cultured for 12 days. The 12 d cultured hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into three groups : (1) control group; (2) glutamate group in which cells were incubated with glutamate 100 ?mol?L-1 for 24 h; (3) propofol-glutamate group in which cells were incubated with propofol 500 ?mol?L-1 and glutamate 100 ?mol?L-1 for 24 h. Cell survival rate (MTT), apoptosis (flow cytometry) and C-fos protein (immuno-histochemistry) production were determined in each group. Results C-fos protein and apoptosis were significantly increased and survival rate was decreased in glutamate group compared with those in control group ( P

Objective To study the role of NMDA-R system in the differential reaction of pain sense between peripheral inflamed local portion and distal portion Methods One hundred and forty-one adults Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups The pain thresholds (PT) of bilateral feet were measured by paw-pressure technique NMDA receptor antagonist CGP378495mg?kg -1, NMDA receptor agonist NMDA 5mg?kg -1 or NS 1ml was injected intraperitonealy in the first three groups, respectively after one hindpaw was inflamed In the later three groups the same drugs were injected before one hindpaw was inflamed PT of bilateral feet in all groups were measured at virous times Results In the first three groups, PT of inflamed paw decreased ,and of non-inflamed paw increasedmarkedly after inflammation (P0 05), decreased significantly(P0 05), decreased significantly (P