Objective To explore ways to improve effect of antiretroviral therapy in acquired immune defi-ciency syndrome patients with comorbid malnutrition, in an effort to enhance quality of life and reduce cost. Methods 126 AIDS patients with comorbid malnutrition were randomly divided into treatment group ( n=63) and control group (n=63). Patients in the treatment group were given nutrition support besides antiretroviral ther-apy (ART), while those in the control group only received ART. After 3 months, the two groups were compared in terms of body mass index, skinfold thickness, CD4+T cell count and human immunodeficiency virus load. Re-sults The two groups were comparable before treatment in BMI, skinfold thickness, CD4+T cell count and HIV load (P>0. 05). After treatment, the treatment group, compared with the controls, had higher BMI [ (23. 23± 3. 15) kg/m2vs. (17. 25±1. 83) kg/m2], thicker skinfold [ (42. 9±6. 8) mm vs. (34. 5±5. 2) mm in males;(97. 6±17. 4) mm vs. (92. 3±14. 7) mm in females], higher CD4+T cell count (χ2=12. 573, P<0. 01), and lower HIV load (χ2=8. 683, P<0. 01). Conclusion Nutrition support may improve treatment of AIDS patients with comorbid malnutrition, as manifested in better BMI, skinfold thickness, CD4+T cell count and HIV load.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of combination with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and median nerve electrical stimulation (MNS) on patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) in different age. MethodsFrom January, 2021 to May, 2023, 93 patients with pDOC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were divided into young group (≤ 45 years old), middle-aged group (46 to 60 years old) and elderly group (> 60 years old). All the groups were treated with rTMS and MNS for four weeks. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale (FOUR) were used to evaluate the efficiency of awakening after treatment and the awakening ratios were compared among three groups weekly. Four weeks after treatment, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with CT perfusion imaging. The score of Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) was compared six months after treatment. ResultsFrom three weeks after treatment, the scores of CRS-R, GCS and FOUR increased in all groups (P < 0.05). After weekly treatment, there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of consciousness level and the awakening ratio among three groups (χ² < 11.057, P > 0.05). After four weeks of treatment, rCBF improved in three groups (|t| > 2.495, P < 0.05), however, there was no difference among three groups (F < 1.887, P > 0.05). There was no difference in the score of GOS-E at six months after treatment (F = 3.083, P = 0.055). ConclusionrTMS combined with MNS is effective on pDOC patients in different ages, and elderly patients could also benefit from it.