Skin sensitization (allergic contact dermatitis, ACD), is a serious condition caused by small reactive molecules and is characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity .Animal tests were usually used in the evaluation of sensitizing potential of chemical substances in the past .However , there is an increasing interest from the public for reducing and ultimately replacing animal tests .The European Union (EU) has posed a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients that includes skin sensitization since 2013.Therefore, alternative in vitro tests are the main tendency in chemical substances and cosmetic sensitizing potential research in the future .In this study, different kinds of in vitro test methods that were adopted by OECD or on research (LLNA, DPRA, KeratinoSens TM, h-CLAT) were reviewed through recent years literature , comprehensive introduction and evaluation were made to obtain reliable hazard and potency information on potential skin sensitizers .

Objective To compare the quality of life,nutritional status and immune function of gastric cancer patients with digestive tract reconstruction using Roux-en-Y anastomosis and uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis after radical gastrectomy.Methods 86 patients with gastric cancer were selected from May 2015 to June 2017 with radical total gastrectomy.According to the different ways of the reconstruction of the digestive tract,the patients were divided into URY group (non-severed group,41 patients) and RY group (traditional group,45 patients).The quality of life of the two groups was compared at 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation.The nutritional status of albumin,prealbumin,transferrin,hemoglobin,retinol binding protein and weight,as well as CD4+ lymphocyte,CD8+ lymphocyte,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,IgG,IgM,IgA and other immune related indexes were observed at pre-operation and 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation.Results As for quality of life,the score of diet limitation in group URY was significantly lower than that in group RY at 1 month after operation (P＜0.05),and no significant difference at 3 months and 6 months after operation (P＞0.05);As for anxiety,the score of group URY was higher than that in group RY (P＜ 0.05) at 1 month after operation (P＜0.05),and was lower than that in group RY at 3 months and 6 months after operation (P＜0.05).As for dry mouth,group URY was higher than that in group RY (P＜0.05) at 3 months and 6 months after operation (P＜0.05),and the other indexes were not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).As for the nutritional indexes,prealbumin in the URY group was higher than that in the RY group at 6 months after operation (P＜0.05),and the rest were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).There was no statistical significance in immune indexes between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The postoperative hospitalization time of URY group was less than that of RY group (P＜0.05),and the incidence of mild reflux symptoms was lower than that of RY group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Except for the length of hospitalization and postoperative complications in which uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis was superior to Roux-en-Y anastomosis,there is no significant difference in quality of life and nutritional and immune indicators between the two alimentary tract reconstruction methods.

Objective To explore the mechanism of apoptosis after cryotherapy on tumors.Methods (1) GL261 glioma cells (1×107 cell/10 μL) were injected into the subcutaneous one ofC57 mice to establish tumor-bearing mouse models;when the diameter of tumor reached to 15-20 mm,the mice were randomly divided into cryogenic treatment group and sham-operated group (n=1 0);mice in the cryogenic treatment group were given surgical cryotherapy,while those in the sham-operated group only performed surgery without cryotherapy.TUNEL was used to detect the cell apoptosis in glioma tissues 12 and 24 h after operation;and Western blotting was employed to detect the protein expressions of pro-caspase-8,pro-caspase-9 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).(2) GL261 glioma cells were divided into control group and one time cryogenic release group,and DMEM and one time of cryogenic release were given to the two groups,respectively;12 h after the treatment,TUNEL was used to observe the cell apoptosis in glioma tissues,and Western blotting was employed to detect the protein expressions.Results (1) TUNEL indicated that the cells in the S1 region of the glioma tissues from mice in the cryogenic treatment group were uniformly died;significant apoptosis was noted in cells of the S2 region at 12 h after treatment;while,24 h after treatment,S1 region still showed uniform necrosis,S2 region showed apoptotic regression,and S3 region showed new apoptosis at the target side.Western blotting indicated that pro-caspase-9 and PARP protein expressions at the S2 region were signficantly decreased as compared with those at the S1,S3 and S4 regions (P＜0.05),and pro-caspase-8 protein expression at the S3 region were signficantly reduced as compared with those at the S1,S2 and S4 regions in the cryogenic treatment group (P＜0.05).(2) TUNEL showed that significantly increased GL261 glioma cell apoptosis rate was noted in the one time cryogenic release group as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05);Western blotting indicated that as compared with the control group,the cryogenic release group had significantly decreased pro-caspase-8 and pro-caspase-9 expressions (P＜0.05).Conclusion Cryogenic release or substances released from tumor tissues after cryoablation shows an effect on promoting apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of biodegradable flow-diverting stent for treatment of intracranial wide-neck aneurysm.Methods Twenty adult New Zealand rabbits were used to induce wide-neck aneurysm models by elastase,and then,these models were divided into 3 groups:in group one (n=7),biodegradable polyglycolic acid flow-diverting stents (PGA-FDs) were implanted into parent arteries and covered the necks of aneurysms;in group 2 (n=7),the bare metal FDs replaced PGA-FDs;the observation period of animals in group one and group 2 was 3 months;in group 3 (n=6),the PGA-FDs were implanted into parent arteries with 6 weeks of observation period.The status of aneurysm occlusion and patency of side branches covered by the stent were assessed,and all animals were sacrificed:HE staining was used to observe the thrombosis in the aneurysms,Elastic fiber staining was used to observe the neointimal thickness of parent arteries,and immuohistochemical staining was employed to detect the expressions of CD34,CD68 and alpha-actin (αSMA) in the parent arteries.Results Complete aneurysm occlusion rate in groups one,2 and 3 was 83.3％ (5/6),0％ (0/6) and 66.7％ (4/6),respectively.The neointimal thickness in parent artery of groups one,2 and 3 was (111±69) μm,(70±48) μm and (190±52) μm,respectively;that in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group one and 2 (P＜0.05).The neointima comprised predominantly smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers.Some CD34 positive vascular endothelial cells could be seen in the neointima of parent arteries of groups one and 2.Conclusion The PGA-FD is an effective device to occlude aneurysms without inducing obvious neointimal thickness and side branch stenosis in the 3-month follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who developed bone-only metastasis after primary treatment and the stratification of these patients into different risk groups based on independent prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty NPC patients who developed bone-only metastasis after definitive radiotherapy from October 2005 to December 2010 were enrolled. All these patients received palliative treatment for bone metastasis, including chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Clinical features, treatment modality, and laboratory parameters were examined with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 15.5 months (range, 2-67 months) for the whole cohort. The median overall metastatic survival (OMS) time and the 2-year estimate OMS rate were 26.5 months and 52%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that patients with short metastases-free interval, multiple bone metastases sites, high serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone had significantly worse outcomes. Patients were stratified into three different risk groups based on the number of adverse factors present. The OMS curves of the three groups were all significantly different (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Severl prognostic factors were found to be associated with worse outcomes. According to the number of adverse factors present, bone-only metastasis patients can be stratified into three risk groups with significantly different prognoses. Such grouping may help in improving the design of clinical trials and in guiding individualized treatment for NPC patients with bone-only metastasis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms/mortality/*secondary/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the expression of tiny RNA-25 (microRNA-25, miR-25) in the plasma、tissues of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) patients and cell lines, to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of miR-25 on migration and invasion of TNBC. Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-25 in the plasma of TNBC patients. Linked omics web platform was used to analyse miR-25 level in samples of TNBC and non-TNBC. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was also used to detect the miR-25 level in TNBC cell lines. The wound healing and transwell assay was applied to assess the effects on migration and invasion of TNBC cell lines which transfected with miR-25 inhibitor or the negative control. The luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the relationship between miR-25 and the sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (SGPP1) in HEK293T cell. The wound healing and transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion ability of TNBC cell lines when cotransfected with pCMV6-SGPP1 and miR-25. Furthermore, Western blot was performed to detect the SGPP1 level in TNBC cell lines. Results The expression of miR-25 was significantly elevated in the plasma of 86 TNBC patients compared with the healthy controls (P value was 0.031). LinkedOmics web platform analysis showed that miR-25 expression was significantly higher in TNBC samples than in non-TNBC samples with Luminal A or Luminal B (P value was<0.001 and 0.006). The level of miR-25 was also elevated in TNBC cell lines HS578T, HCC1806, MDA-MB-231 and BT549(P value was 0.006, 0.01, 0.029 and 0.046). The MDA-MB-231 and HS578T cells which transfected with miR-25 inhibitor exhibited a significant slower wound healing rate than control (P value was 0.035 and 0.001). At the same time, when transfected with miR-25 inhibitor, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T both exhibited a decreased invasion ability compared with the control group(P value was 0.002 and 0.001). LinkedOmics web platform analysis showed that sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (SGPP1) gene level was negatively correlated with miR-25 in the tissues of TNBC patients (P value was 0.037). The luciferase reporter assay validated that SGPP1 was a directed target of miR-25. The western blot assay indicated that the SGPP1 level was increased in MDA-MB-231 and HS578T after transfection with miR-25 inhibitor. Over-expression of SGPP1 could abrogate the positive effects of miR-25 on migration and invasion when pCMV6-SGPP1 was cotransfected with miR-25 (P value was all 0.002). Conclusions MiR-25 was elevated in both plasma and tissues of TNBC patients and also increased in TNBC cell lines. Transfection of MDA-MB-231 and HS578T cells with miR-25 inhibitor resulted in reduced migration and invasion. Moreover, SGPP1 was identified as a novel target of miR-25. The ability of miR-25 to promote TNBC cell migration and invasion is attributable to its effect on SGPP1 suppression.

Objective    To compare the feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) under non-intubated, intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation. Methods    A total of 80 patients undergoing VATS (48 wedge resections, 8 sympathectomies, 24 pleural biopsies) between January 2015 and June 2017 were included. Those patients were randomized into two groups. The 40 patients were enrolled as a treatment group (19 males and 21 females at age of 23.3±10.2 years) and received surgery under non-intubated intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation. And the other 40 patients were enrolled as a control group (21 males and 19 females at age of 22.2±9.9 years) and received surgery under routine intravenous anesthesia with intubated ventilation. Results    Comparing with the control group, the patients of the treatment group had lower white blood cell count (5.8×109±2.4×109 vs. 7.3×109±3.6×109, P<0.001), lower gastrointestinal adverse reaction rate (7.5% vs. 27.5%, P=0.002), lower sore throat rate (5.0% vs. 30.0%, P<0.001), lower cough grade (0.9±0.3 vs 2.1±0.5, P<0.050), shorter drainage time (1.8±1.6 d vs. 3.7±1.8 d, P<0.050) and shorter hospital stay (2.3±1.8 d vs. 5.8±2.3 d, P<0.050). Conclusion    Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery under non-intubated, intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation is safe and feasible, which also has certain advantages in reducing the postoperative complications and promoting patients' quick recovery from surgery.