AIM: To prepare a novel long-circulating paclitaxel-containing liposomes, evaluate its quality and study its toxicity to gastric cancer cell line BGC823. METHODS: From May to November in 2006, the experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Chemistry, Kaili College and the Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry Department, Southeast Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention.①The novel long-circulating paclitaxel-containing liposomes was prepared by ultrasonic film method. Encapsulation efficiency and stability of the paclitaxel liposomes were measured by RP-HPLC.②The paclitaxel liposomes were dispersed in phosphate buffer at the pH value of 6.5, at 4 ℃ for 30 days, and the change of drug loads was observed.③The proliferation of BGC823 cell at logarithmic phase was tested by MTT method under the paclitaxel liposomes concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L. Meanwhile the paclitaxel free drug was taken as controls. RESULTS: ①Encapsulation efficiency of this paclitaxel liposomes was high to 97.6% detected by RP-HPLC.②When the paclitaxel liposomes were stored in refrigerator of 4 ℃, there was no flocculent precipitation during one month. Drug loaded in liposome after 3, 8, 15, 22, 30 days of preservation was respectively 97.3%, 96.2%, 95.6%, 94.9%, and 94.2%. The drug leakage of the paclitaxel liposomes was only 6% one month after dispersing in this buffer.③The result of in vitro cell toxicity showed that, under the drug concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L, the inhibition rate to BGC823 cell of paclitaxel liposomes was 33.46%, 44.15%, 51.94%, 68.64% respectively, where those of free paclitaxel was 35.24%, 48.37%, 57.49%, 74.84%. CONCLUSION: ①This high-encapsulated and stable long-circulating paclitaxel-containing liposomes is expected to provide a more effective paclitaxel preparation.②The inhibition rate to BGC823 cell of the paclitaxel liposomes is low to that of free paclitaxel at the same drug concentration, indicating that it can present the slow release of liposomes.

Objective To investigate the efficiency of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with Fluency stent in improving the hepatic and renal function and survival rate in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Methods The decompensated cirrhosis patients who were treated in our hospital from May 2008 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.One group of patients (n =48) undergoing TIPS was randomly selected as treatment group,while another group of patients (n =48) treated by medicine and therapeutic endoscope was randomly chosen as control group.Clinical data and fellow-up data were retrospectively reviewed.There was no significant deviation in baseline characteristics (age,gender composition,etiology,renal function,hepatic function et al) among all the patients before the operations; The laboratory results of hepatic and renal function in 2 groups before and after operation (1 week,20 days,3 months,6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years) were recorded and compared with independent samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test.The survival rates of two groups in 3 years were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and compared with Chi-square test.Results Three years after the operation,there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in AST(70.8 vs.108.7 U/L,Z =-2.958,P ＜ 0.05) and TBIL (51.2 vs.76.2 μmol/L,Z =-2.004,P ＜ 0.05).The Cr value of the 3rd year after the treatment were (9928.2 ± 2363.8) in the the control group and (7742.1 ± 2845.6) μmol/L in the treatment group(t =-2.074,P ＜ 0.05).BUN of the 1st,2nd and 3rd years after the treatment were (2.0 ± 1.1),(2.3 ± 1.5),(2.5 ± 1.3) mmol/L in the treatment group,while it was (2.6 ± 1.1),(3.8 ±1.2),(5.4 ± 1.1)mmol/L in the control group.There was significant difference between the 2 groups (t =-2.222,-3.940 and-6.110,P ＜ 0.05).Comparing the survival rate in the 2 groups with Kaplan-Meier survival curve,the 3 year survival rate in the treatment group was 46.2％,while in the control group it was only 30.0％ (x2 =6.341,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with medicine therapy and therapeutic endoscopy,TIPS with Fluency stent may improve the hepatic function,renal function and survival rate in liver cirrhosis patients.It is a safe and effective therapy choice for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Objective To observe the feasibility and security of the embolization with medical adhesive on renal artery in rab‐bits by animal experiments ,and explore the effectiveness of different concentration of embolic agents on the process and the effect of embolization for vascular ,and provide guidance for clinical application of medical adhesive .Methods A mixture of different ratios of lipiodol and medical adhesive were used to embolize the renal artery in 18 rabbits ,the usage and effects of embolization were ob‐served .Results Embolic agents were seen under the fluoroscopy ,easy to control and inject transcatheter ,also repeated injected by one micro‐catheter safety and effectively .Angiography review showed a reliable embolization ,no vascular recanalization and no spill‐over of contrast agent .Optical microscope ,after HE staining in postoperative pathological examination ,showed irregular shaped embolic agents or branch like refractive index of transparent material in the embolized artery .In 5∶1 group and 4∶1 group ,arteri‐ole and small artery were mainly embolized ,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0 .05);Whereas medium sized artery was mainly embolized in 3∶1 group ,compared with the 5∶1 group and 4∶1 group ,the differences was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .After operation ,renal function was transient damage ,leukocyte was transient increasing ,one week later ,both of renal function and leukocyte were recovered ,and there was no significantly renal function anomaly .Conclusion It is feasible ,safe and effective for medical adhesive to embolize rabbits renal artery ,the different concentration of the embolic agents can embolize the different branches of rabbit renal artery .

Objective To assess the clinical safety and effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization by using liquid medical glue ( FLA ) and super-selective catheterization technique in treating renal artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods During the period from Oct. 2009 to Jun. 2014, a total of 23 patients with angiography-proved renal pseudoaneurysm were treated with transcatheter arterial FLA embolization at authors’ hospital. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 28 pseudoaneurysms were detected in the 23 patients, which was caused by iatrogenic injury(18 cases, 21 lesions) or trauma(5 cases, 7 lesions). Super-selective catheterization with 3F micro-catheter was carried out. The micro-catheter was inserted into the parent artery of the pseudoaneurysm, which was followed by angiography. Once the pseudoaneurysm was confirmed by angiography, the mixture of FAL and iodized oil (1 ∶ 1) was injected into the pseudoaneurysm through the micro-catheter. The technical success rate, postoperative hematuria and renal function were determined. Results Successful embolization was achieved for all 28 pseudoaneurysms in 23 patients. The average volume of FAL used in embolization was 0.4 ml (0.2-1 ml). Ectopic embolization of the third-level vessel branches near the parent artery occurred in three cases , while no embolization of second-level vessel branch was observed. Persistent hematuria was seen in one patient even at two days after the treatment, whose pseudoaneurysm’s diameter was >2 cm, and embolization treatment with steel coil had to be performed, and bleeding stopped after the second treatment. During the follow-up period lasting for 3 months, no recurrence of hematuria was seen in the remaining patients. Mild elevation of serum creatinine after the treatment was observed in 4 patients. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that FAL together with the help of micro-catheter super-selective catheterization can effectively and reliably obstruct renal pseudoaneurysm with higher technical success rate and lower re-bleeding rate.

Objective To compare the technical success ,complication rates and comfort of the radiologic placement of central venous ports(CVP) via the internal jugular vein ,subclavian vein via subclavian region ,subclavian vein via supraclavicular region un‐der DSA guidance .Methods We retrospectively reviewed 188 CVP patients implanted at hospitals between December 2012 and De‐cember 2013 .The patients were divided into three groups according to the different catheter implantation sites ,internal jugular vein (group A) ,subclavian vein via subclavian region (group B) and subclavian vein via supraclavicular region (group C) .Intraoperative pain score ,technical success rates ,peri‐procedural ,as well as early and late complication rates were recorded based on the image fol‐low‐up and patient medical records .Results The technical success rate was 100 .0% without any lethal complications .The CVP re‐lated infections were occurred in each group with 1 patient ,but there was no statistics significant different(P>0 .05) .Subclavian vein thrombosis were occurred 2(2 .1% ,2/96) in group B ,which was recanalized after thrombolytic therapy ,and 1(1 .7% ,1/60) in group C ,which was completely occluded .The higher rate of catheter migration and kinking of catheter were occurred in group A and group C .The rate was statistically significant difference among the three groups (P<0 .01) .The late complication rates were statistically higher in group A and C compared with group B (P<0 .05) .The punch‐off was just occurred in group B (n=2) .There were no significant differences about catheter fracture ,port rotation and wound dehiscence among the three groups(P>0 .05) .Con‐clusion In DSA radiologic placement of a CVP via the subclavian vein via subclavian region is safe and efficient with more comfort‐able and lower complication rates ,which could be chosen priority .

Objective To assess the validity and safety of arterial embolization with medical adhesive in treating peripheral artery pseudoaneurysms(PSA).Methods 25 cases of peripheral artery PSA embolized with Fuaile medical adhesive(FMA) were analyzed retrospectively.25 patients included 28 PSA.Super-selective transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in 19 patients (22 PSA) using 3F microcatheter and 6 PSA in 6 patients were embolized through puncturing directly.All the lesions were treated with mixtures of FMA and iodized oil (1：1) during the radiography.The clinical efficacy and complications were recorded.Results The success rate of embolization was 100% during the operation (28/28), and the average volume of FMA used was 1.8 mL(0.5-5.5 mL).One patient with PSA(d>2 cm) still have hematuria 2 days after the operation.The hematuria disappeared after embolization with micro-coil following re-angiography.Bleed stopped after the second embolization with FMA in one patient with brachial artery PSA.No one developed complications associated with therapy and occurred rebleeding in the follow-up period time (3 months).Conclusion The mixtures of FMA and iodized oil can be a useful alternative embolic agent for the treatment of peripheral artery pseudoaneurysm with high success rate, short operation time and definite clinical effect.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) and the clinical relevant parameters and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods By using tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical method,the expressions of PLCβ1 in tumor and pericancerous tissues were tested in 141 HCC patients.The relationship between the expressions of PLCβ1 and the clinical and pathological characteristics was analyzed.Colony formation assay and apoptosis experiments were used to check the effect of PLCβ1 on proliferation of HCC cells.KaplanMeier analysis and Cox multivariate regression model analysis were adopted to analyze the prognosis of HCC patients.Results The expression level of PLCβ1 in tumor tissues was obviously higher than that in pericancerous tissues,which was closely related to the tumor staging.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the survival rate in HCC patients with high expression level of PLCβ1 was lower than that in HCC patients with low expression level of PLCβ1.Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that high expression of PLCβ1 was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients.Over expression of PLCβ1 in HCC cells could promote the proliferation of HCC cell and inhibit its apoptosis.Further investigation showed that activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase signaling pathway might be involved in PLCβ1-mediated HCC cell growth.Conclusion PLCβ1 can promote the progression of HCC,and the expression level of PLCβ1 can be regarded as an independent prognostic factor for HCC,and it is expected that PLCβ1 may become an ideal therapeutic target.

Objective To investigate the influence of sorafenib on the expressions of B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins in different human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines,including HepG2,Hep3B,BEL-7402,BEL-7404,BEL-7405,QGY-7701,QGY-7703,SMMC-7721,MHCC97H,MHCC97L,HCCLM3 and HCCLM6.Methods Western blotting and MTT assay were used to check the influence of sorafenib on the expressions of B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins in different human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and to test the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on different human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.Results Compared with normal human liver cells (HL-7702),the expressions of B7-H3 and B-H4 proteins in different human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were significantly up-regulated (P＜0.01).The cytotoxic activity IC50 values of sorafenib to Hep3B,BEL-7404,MHCC97H,HCCLM3 and HCCLM6 were 14.56,9.14,9.46,17.21 and 9.29 μmol/L respectively.After treating Hep3B,BEL-7404,MHCC97H,HCCLM3 and HCCLM6 with sorafenib at the doses of 5,10 and 20 μmol/L separately,the expressions of B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins were strikingly down-regulated when compared with the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion The overexpressions of B7-H3 and B7-H4 proteins in different human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines are a common finding,which can influence tumor immune escape.It may be a new target for prevention and treatment of liver cancer in future.