High myopia has become a global public health issue, posing a significant threat to visual health. There are still some problems in the process of diagnosis and treatment, including the definition of high myopia and pathological myopia, opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment system, domestic and international collaboration in the field of high myopia, the application of genetic screening in children with myopia and high myopia patients, and the exploration of new treatment methods for high myopia. Nowadays, myopia and high myopia show the characteristics of early onset age and sharp rise in prevalence, and gradually become the main cause of low vision and irreversible blindness in young and middle-aged people. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately define high myopia and pathological myopia, combine artificial intelligence and other methods for screening and prevention, promote cooperation in different fields, strengthen gene screening for early-onset myopia and adopt new and effective ways to treat it.

【Objective】 To explore the efficacy and safety of thalidomide, arsenic trioxide, dexamethasone and ascorbic acid (TADA) regimen in the treatment of early relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) patients (tumor progression within 12 months after initial treatment). 【Methods】 This study retrospectively analyzed 62 patients on TADA chemotherapy regimen and 57 patients on bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (velcade, revlimid, dexamethasone, VRD) chemotherapy regimen for multiple myeloma (MM) in early stage relapse, who visited the Department of Hematology of Yanbian University Hospital between 2008 and 2020. We collected the general data profile, follow-up data during 3 courses of treatment, and laboratory data of all patients before and after chemotherapy. The efficacy of the patients was assessed by overall response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR), and the occurrence of adverse reactions was collected for statistical analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for the TADA and VRD groups under different renal function conditions, cytogenetically different risk stratification, and different ISS scenarios; the prognosis of patients on the TADA chemotherapy regimen was analyzed. 【Results】 There were no statistical differences in age, gender, immunochemical subtypes, ISS staging and high-risk FISH indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). After chemotherapy, the haemoglobin and serum albumin of patients in the TADA group were significantly lower than those in the VRD group, whereas the percentage of blood calcium, blood β2 microglobulin, creatinine and bone marrow plasma cells were significantly higher than those in the VRD group (P<0.05). In addition, the incidence of peripheral neuropathy was significantly lower than that in the VRD group (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in other adverse reactions (P>0.05). Compared with those in the VRD group, the overall survival (OS) (χ²=8.201, P=0.004) and progression free survival (PFS) (χ²=7.568, P=0.006) survival curves were statistically significant in the TADA group. In the TADA group OS (χ²=3.924, P=0.048) in patients with normal and impaired renal function at the time of enrolment and PFS (χ²=9.008, P=0.003), OS (χ²=9.330, P=0.002) and PFS (χ²=16.090, P<0.001) in ISS stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ and ISS stage Ⅲ at enrolment, OS (χ²=10.149,P<0.001) in high-risk FISH and non-high-risk patients at enrolment and PFS (χ²=11.286, P<0.001) survival curve results showed statistically significant differences. 【Conclusion】 The TADA regimen has better efficacy and safety in patients with early recurrence of MM. Renal function, ISS staging and FISH stratification are important factors affecting patients’ prognosis.

In pursuit of effective agents for hepatocellular carcinoma derived from the Artemisia species, this study built upon initial findings that an ethanol (EtOH) extract and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the aerial parts of Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess. exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with inhibitory rates of 57.1% and 84.2% (100 μg·mL^-1), respectively. Guided by bioactivity, fourteen previously unidentified sesquiterpenes, artemdubinoids A-N (1-14), were isolated from the EtOAc fraction. Their structural elucidation was achieved through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and corroborated by the comparison between the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Single crystal X-ray diffraction provided definitive structure confirmation for artemdubinoids A, D, F, and H. Artemdubinoids A and B (1-2) represented unique sesquiterpenes featuring a 6/5-fused bicyclic carbon scaffold, and their putative biosynthetic pathways were discussed; artemdubinoid C (3) was a novel guaianolide derivative that might be formed by the [4 + 2] Diels-Alder reaction; artemdubinoids D and E (4-5) were rare 1,10-seco-guaianolides; artemdubinoids F-K (6-11) were chlorine-containing guaianolides. Eleven compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against three human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, and SK-Hep-1) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values spanning 7.5-82.5 μmol·L^-1. Artemdubinoid M (13) exhibited the most active cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values of 14.5, 7.5 and 8.9 μmol·L^-1 against the HepG2, Huh7, and SK-Hep-1 cell lines, respectively, which were equivalent to the positive control, sorafenib.
Humans ; Artemisia/chemistry* ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry* ; Cell Line ; Hep G2 Cells ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Molecular Structure

Leading by cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc fraction from