Objective To develop a quantitative,highly sensitive,low detection limit and fast endotoxin(ET) biosensing detection system by utilizing the piezoelectric crystal's damping effect(non-mass effect) in the liquid phase environment.Methods The sensor probe of better performance (eliminating the quality load effects and improving the liquid solid coupling effect) was obtained by using the smoothing processing and hydrophilic processing of a quartz crystal sensor probe surface,thus the stability and repeatability of measurement were increased and the low detection limit of measurement was decreased.The whole measurement system was made into a miniature and automated endotoxin detection system by using CPLD device and LabView software to realize the automatic collection,and analysis and results display of measurement data.Results The good linear relationship existed between different concentrations of endotoxin and the stable value of frequency shift.Conclusion By the established data of frequency shift,the endotoxin concentration can be obtained accurately and conveniently.

Objective To compare the efficacy of endovascular interventional treatment and surgical clipping in posterior communicating artery aneurysm (PCoAA) patients with fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (fPCA).Methods The PCoAA patients with fPCA were enrolled.Their baseline clinical data were collected.The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the clinical outcomes at six months after procedure.The mRS score 0-2 was defined as good outcome.Results A total of 35 PCoAA patients with fPCA were enrolled into the study,23 were treated with interventional embolization therapy and 12 were treated with craniotomy clipping.There were no significant differences in age,gender,preoperative Fisher grade,Hunt-Hess grade,baseline GCS scores,and aneurysm typing between the 2 groups.The good outcome rate of the interventional embolization group at 6 months was higher than that of the surgical clipping group,but there was no significant difference (65.22％ vs.41.67％;P =0.282).Results The efficacy of PCoAA using interventional embolization therapy combined fPCA is almost the same as craniotomy clipping.

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of cervical anatomy and pedicle screw, operational specification, and individual screw implantation are the key factors of a successful implantation treatment.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the cervical pedicle screw and host response as well as the recovery of spinal nerve functions during the surgery and follow-up period of cervical spine fracture-dislocation.DESIGN: A case analysis.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, Lianning Province, China.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 41 patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation, who have complete follow-up data, were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between February 2002 and February 2006. Of the included patients, 18 were complicated by spinal cord injury (according to Frankel classification system, 6 were graded as A, 1 as B, 4 as C, and 7 as D.METHODS: Forty-one patients with cervical spine fracture-dislocation were treated by implanting a screw through the cervical pedicle and fixing it. Prior to surgery, all patients were subjected to X-ray, CT and MRI examinations. According to measurements, each cervical pedicle screw was individually implanted. The entire surgery was accomplished by Xiang Liang-bi, chief physician, whose qualification corresponds to the responsibilities.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Material and host response during and after screw implantation as well as in the follow-up period. Recovery of spinal nerve function after screw implantation.RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 6-12 months and all incisions were healed primarily. Material and host response during the process of screw implantation: A total of 218 screws were implanted. After initial implantation, 12 screws were loosened, and such a phenomenon disappeared in 11 screws by adjusting inserting point and inserting direction or/and increasing screw diameter or length. The remaining 1 screw was stabilized by increasing the fixed segments. After drilling, poles of 10 screws bled much and treated by hemostasis. C1-2 venous plexus hemorrhage was caused in 3 patients and stopped by compression, and Apofix internal fixation was used in 1 of 3 patients due to unclear surgical visual field. Material and host response after surgery and during the follow-up: A total of 218 screws were inserted. Of the 218 screws, 196 were in correct position, and 22 were deviated to different degrees. Deviation of 1 screw caused injury to nerve root and that of another screw led to injury to blood vessel. Thirty-eight patients acquired satisfactory reduction and bone union. Three patients presented with symptoms of nerve root irritation due to incomplete reduction in the old fracture-dislocation. Among the 3 patients, 1 was subjected to anterior approach due to screw removed, and neither injury to vertebral artery, spinal cord, and nerve root nor internal fixation destroy was found in any other patients. Recovery of spinal nerve function after implantation: Among the 18 patients complicated with spinal cord injury, 6 patients, who were assessed as grade A spinal cord injury, did not exhibit improvement in spinal cord function, while the remaining 12 presented with 1 or 2 grades of improvement.CONCLUSION: There is a lower probability for biocompatibility reaction, and spinal nerve function recovers better after implantation of cervical pedicle screw. So implantation of a cervical pedicle screw system is an effective and relatively safe method for treatment of cervical spine fracture-dislocation.

This experiment was carried out to analyze the time-frequency feature of rabbit cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). Rabbit was narcotized and subjected to craniotomy. SEP was from sensory and motor cortex. Stimulation was continuing many times and signal was sampled at 3 800 Hz. The peak latency of each waveform was measured. Power spectrum of SEP was analyzed. The time-frequency feature of single-trial was compared with that of average SEP. It was found that the variability of single-trial SEP latency enlarges with time in a stimulation period. The spectrum of SEP includes three main frequency spectrum packages. The technique of summation makes a lot of signal aberration such as waveform confluence, new waveform emerging and after-discharging components dismissing.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; physiology ; Female ; Fourier Analysis ; Male ; Rabbits ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

To extract sub-signal of heart period signal (HPS), a new statistical signal processing approach, namely independent component analysis (ICA) was addressed. Electrocardiosignal (ECS) was acquired from ten volunteers. ECS was sampled 8 minutes when the volunteer was in supine position, and then when the same volunteer was in erect position. HPS was extracted from ECS. According to time-delay, HPS was divided into five groups as mixed signals. Five signals were reconstructed into two groups by ICA. The rebuilt signals were transformed by Fourier transformation. One centralized in low frequency (called IC1); the other did in high frequency (called IC2). The power of IC1 was significantly increased (P<0.01) while that of IC2 showed no significant change (P>0.05), and the ratio of IC1 to total power also significantly increased with the change from supine position to erect position. Comparsion between the two postural results reveals that IC1 may express sympathetic activity, and IC2 represents parasympathetic activity. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous functions can be evaluated respectively and quantitatively by use of data and graphs from the two decomposed components.
Autonomic Nervous System ; physiology ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; physiology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To assess the effects of repeated mild traumatic brain injury(rmTBI)in the parietal cortex on neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity in the medulla oblongata of mice.Methods Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=8)and rmTBI group(n=24).The mice in the latter group were subjected to repeated mild impact injury of the parietal cortex by a free-falling object.The mice surviving the injuries were evaluated for neurological deficits using neurological severity scores(NSS),righting reflex test and forced swimming test,and pathological changes of the neuronal cells in the medulla oblongata were observed with HE and Nissl staining.Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expressions of neuroligin 1(NLG-1)and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95)in the medulla oblongata of the mice that either survived rmTBI or not.Results None of the mice in the sham-operated group died,while the mortality rate was 41.67%in rmTBI group.The mice surviving rmTBI showed significantly reduced NSS,delayed recovery of righting reflex,increased immobility time in forced swimming test(P<0.05),and loss of Nissl bodies;swelling and necrosis were observed in a large number of neurons in the medulla oblongata,where the expression levels of NLG-1 and PSD-95 were significantly downregulated(P<0.05).The mice that did not survive rmTBI showed distorted and swelling nerve fibers and decreased density of neurons in the medulla oblongina with lowered expression levels of NLG-1 and PSD-95 compared with the mice surviving the injuries(P<0.01).Conclusion The structural and functional anomalies of the synapses in the medulla oblongata may contribute to death and neurological impairment following rmTBI in mice.

Objective To assess the effects of repeated mild traumatic brain injury(rmTBI)in the parietal cortex on neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity in the medulla oblongata of mice.Methods Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=8)and rmTBI group(n=24).The mice in the latter group were subjected to repeated mild impact injury of the parietal cortex by a free-falling object.The mice surviving the injuries were evaluated for neurological deficits using neurological severity scores(NSS),righting reflex test and forced swimming test,and pathological changes of the neuronal cells in the medulla oblongata were observed with HE and Nissl staining.Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expressions of neuroligin 1(NLG-1)and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95)in the medulla oblongata of the mice that either survived rmTBI or not.Results None of the mice in the sham-operated group died,while the mortality rate was 41.67%in rmTBI group.The mice surviving rmTBI showed significantly reduced NSS,delayed recovery of righting reflex,increased immobility time in forced swimming test(P<0.05),and loss of Nissl bodies;swelling and necrosis were observed in a large number of neurons in the medulla oblongata,where the expression levels of NLG-1 and PSD-95 were significantly downregulated(P<0.05).The mice that did not survive rmTBI showed distorted and swelling nerve fibers and decreased density of neurons in the medulla oblongina with lowered expression levels of NLG-1 and PSD-95 compared with the mice surviving the injuries(P<0.01).Conclusion The structural and functional anomalies of the synapses in the medulla oblongata may contribute to death and neurological impairment following rmTBI in mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) colonization in early life on intestinal barrier and intestinal development in offspring mice and its possible mechanism.Methods Six C57BL/6 pregnant mice with the same conception time of 6 weeks were selected and randomly divided into experiment group given 108 cfu/ml LGG live bacteria and control group given LGG inactivated bacteria by gavage from the 18th day of pregnancy until natural birth.The progeny mice in the two groups were continued to be gavaged with 107 cfu/ml of LGG live bacteria or LGG inactivated bacteria on days 1-5 of birth.The body weight changes of 3 week'progeny mice were recorded.The colonization of LGG bacteria in offspring mice was detected at 2nd and 3rd weeks.The mRNA of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and tight junction molecules were evaluated by real-time PCR method.HE,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the intestinal barrier of 3-week old off spring mice.Results Compared with the control group,the progeny mice of the experiment group showed no significant difference in body weight at the first week,and the body weight increased at the second week and the third week [2ndweek:(3.790±0.240) g vs.(4.326±0.140) g,t=3.707,P=0.006;3rd week:(7.295±0.326) g vs.(8.040±0.370) g,t=3.130,P=0.011].LGG colonization can be detected only in the feces of progeny mice in the experiment group.Intestinal colonization can promote the growth of small intestine villi and colon crypt depth [jejunum:(320.000±22.514) μm vs.(265.100±15.611) μm,t=8.258,P＜0.001;ileum:(150.500±13.099) μm vs.(111.000±11.308) μm,t=9.958,P＜0.001;colon:(295.000±15.209) μm vs.(233.100±6.678) μm,t=9.129,P＜0.001].Compared with the control group,the number of goblet cells in the colonic crypt of the experiment group increased (11.62 ± 0.780 vs.35.24 ±1.370,t=15.000,P＜0.001),and the relative mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors as IFN-γ (1.280±0.232 vs.0.512±0.206,t=4.970,P=0.001),IL-6 (1.364±0.271 vs.0.941±0.215,t=2.452,P=0.040),IL-10 (1.341±0.320vs.0.744±0.294,t=2.762,P=0.025)andTNF-α (3.702±0.150 vs.2.581±0.500,t=2.553,P=0.034) in the experiment group decreased;the expression levels of the intimate tight junction molecules (Claudin3) (1.283±0.152 vs.1.881±0.172,t=4.932,P=0.001) and the atresia protein molecule (Occludin) (1.164±0.342 vs.0.812±0.224,t=3.67,P=0.016) significantly increased.Conclusion Early life LGG colonization protects the intestinal barrier by inhibiting lowgrade intestinal inflammation.This study will lay the experimental foundation for the supplementation of probiotics in early life so as to prevent intestinal diseases.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of plasma homocysteinemia(Hcy) on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

METHODSConsecutive 684 ACS patients undergoing first PCI in our department between January 2013 and December 2014 were prospectively enrolled.Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the pre-procedural plasma Hcy level: high-Hcy group (Hcy≥10 μmol/L, n=404) and control group (Hcy<10 μmol/L, n=280). The CIN was defined as serum creatinine ≥ 44.2 μmol/L or 25% increase compared to baseline within 48-72 h after PCI.The baseline clinical data and the ratio of CIN were compared between the 2 groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to define the independent risk factors for CIN.

RESULTSCIN occurred in 133(19.4%) out of 684 enrolled patients, and the incidence of CIN was significantly higher in high Hcy group than in the control group (22.0%(89/404)vs. 15.7%(44/280), P=0.040). After adjusting the confounding factors, including age, acute myocardial infarction, co-morbidities(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and old myocardial infarction), laboratory examination (level of cystatin C and uric acid), glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, angiographic and procedural characteristics (3 diseased vessels, multiple stent implantation), treatment at admission (spironolactone, digoxin), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high Hcy was independently associated with the development of CIN (OR=1.70, 95%CI 1.60-2.64, P=0.021).

CONCLUSIONElevated Hcy prior PCI is an independent risk factor of CIN in ACS patients undergoing first PCI.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Incidence ; Kidney Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Risk Factors ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To retrospectively analyze the injury characteristics of victims and treatment strategies in the explosion accident on the 17th May 2018 in Xixia county (Xixia "May 17th" explosion accident). Methods Based on the practice featured in pre-hospital emergency of Henan province and Nanyang city Emergency Center in the explosion accident, a retrospective analysis for the Level Three medical rescue was conducted, where a total of thirteen survived victims in Xixia "May 17" explosion accident were studied retrospectively. The data included the gender, age, burned extent and depth of the patients, burns complicated by trauma, complication of burn, respiratory function maintenance, resuscitation during shock stage, skin grafting with excision and scab. Furthermore, the data of organ function and the effect of the 90-day comprehensive treatment for the burned victims wereanalyzed. Results completion the Level Three treatment on time, which was depended on the leading role played by the regional trauma centers was the main rescuing mode of the work in Xixia county, where the primary and secondary treatments were the key parts. The three-level treatment model includes: the local hospital acts as a level-one emergency medical institution, county hospitals function as secondary emergency medical institutions, and other higher medical institutions are the tertiary first aid medical institutions. The pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency procedures were initiated immediately after the large-scale explosive burn being identified, the key to the successfully rescue was to set up a comprehensive treatment team for burns and trauma. Rescue team should involve burn department and other related departments, including the departments of emergency, general surgery, orthopedic, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, intensive care unit, blood transfusion unit, anesthesiology, and interventional radiology, etc. All the thirteen burned patients were male, with inhalation injury, blast injury, hemopneumothorax, brain injury, bone fractures, and etc. Eight of them (61.54%) had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MODS mainly involved respiratory, circulatory, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and coagulation function. With the multi-discipline treatment, the wound of 6 severely-burned patients started healing and can be discharged after keeping the patency of airway, applying resuscitation fluid and comprehensive treatments such as debridement and dressing change. Among 7 patients with extensive deep burns, one case with skull-based fracture, open craniocerebral, extensive intracranial hemorrhage and hemopneumothorax, died 9 hours later. Another case died within 24 hours after injury due to obvious exudation on the site of early incision and relaxation of wound. The escharotomy, micro-dermis and allograft skin transplantation were carried out for five cases with extensive deep burns from the 4th day after the recovery of shock. One week later, the second stage of microsphere skin transplantation was performed. But all died of sepsis or fungal infection. Conclusions MODS and infection often occur during the course especially for patients with extensive and deep burns due to the great explosion in Xixia county, most of whom were accompanied with MODS and infection. Therefore, assembling multi-discipline team for treating the group of explosively-burned patients can increase the survival rate and reduce the possibility of disability.