Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in infants and children,which is very easy to metastasis and its malignant degree is very high.Because of its clinical differences,so far treatment of neuroblastoma is still difficult.Currently comprehensive therapies,including surgery,chemotherapy,radiation,stem cell transplantation,131 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy,biological therapy and immune therapy as well as target therapy dominant the treatment of this disease,and introduce the some of the treatment protocols for this disease.

Professional post means the personal capability certified by nation. Professional post has the function of choosing approriate person and helping to reform salary distribution system,and has beome an important lever to arouse the working enthusiasm of staffs.This article introduces the experience of using professional post to improve clinlical teaching work in the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University.

Based on the practical situations of higher medical education in china,the author discussesd the bottleneck problems in the development of medical bilingual teaching and proposed some measures to overcome these difficulties on the teaching objective,teaching staffs,textbooks,students' quality and evaluation mechanism of teaching quality.

With the development and the expansion of higher medical education,lack of course resource became a “bottleneck” which restricted the development of medical schools.Teaching hospitals played some roles in medical education,but there was a huge gap in teaching ability between these hospitals and the hospitals affiliated with universities.The Clinical College analyzed the current situation of teaching ability in teaching hospitals and did the preliminary research for the solutions of this situation.

From the current state of the medical environment and health issues,we dis-cuss the necessity of physician-patient communication skills and find the way to enhance the skills of interns.

Objective To observe the effect of small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting Survivin gene on survivin expression,proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC-97H.Methods Survivin sequence specific siRNA was designed and synthesized.siRNA/liposome complex was transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC-97H.The MHCC-97H cells were divided into Survivin siRNA group(Si-survivin),negative control siRNA group(NC group)and blank group (normal control group).Survivin mRNA and protein expressions were detected by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The proliferation of MHCC-97H was measured by methythiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay.The Annexin V/PI double labeled flow cytometry was employed to measure the apoptosis at 24 h after transfection in different concentrations of Survivin siRNA(12.5,25.0 and 50.0 nmoL/L,respectively).Results After 48 h of transfection,the Survivin mRNA levels were 0.55 ± 0.16 (Si-survivin group),0.85 ± 0.28 (NC group) and 0.93 ± 0.40 (normal control group),respectively,which were significantly different among 3 groups (F =414,P ＜ 0.01).The level of Survivin mRNA was the lowest in Si-survivin group,which was statistically different with NC group and normal control group (t =-20.56,-28.37,all P ＜ 0.001).The levels of Survivin protein expression in 3 groups were 0.602 ± 0.005 (Si-survivin group),0.835 ± 0.007 (NC group) and 0.993 ± 0.003 (normal control group) at 48 h after transfection,which were statistically different among 3 groups (F =238,P ＜0.01).The lowest level of protein expression was in Si-survivin group,which was statistically different with NC group and normal control group (t =-40.17,-66.03,all P ＜ 0.001).After 72 h and 96 h of transfection,the inhibitory rate of cell growth was significantly higher in Si-survivin group [(19.5 ± 3.6)％,(12.0 ± 0.9)％] compared with that in NC group [(3.6 ± 0.9) ％,(-1.3 ± 6.1) ％] (t--36.18,42.53,all P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rates in 12.5,25.0,50.0 nmol/L Survivin siRNA were (22.64 ± 2.54) ％,(35.37 ± 3.28) ％ and (53.28 ± 4.35) ％,respectively.However,in NC group and normal control group,the apoptosis rates were (8.77 ± 1.25) ％ and (9.72 ± 1.37) ％.The rates were statistically different among those 5 groups(F =35.93,P ＜0.01).And in the apoptosis rates of siRNA groups in different concentratiom were statistically different when compared between each two groups (t =-29.73,-38.57,all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Survivin specific siRNA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis by blocking Survivin gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC-97H.

Objectives:To explore the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis by examining the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in human inflammatory nasal polyps. 　Methods: Twenty five polyposis patients were selected, tissue TGF-β1～3 from nasal polyps and inferior turbinate mucosa were determined with immunohistochemistry APAAP method .The inferior turbinate mucosa from eight healthy volunteers were selected as control. Six polyp tissues were estimated with western-blot analyses to compare the characteristics of TGF-beta isoforms expression. 　Results: ①The expression of TGF-β1～3 in nasal polyps was significantly higher than that in nasal mucosa, it was undetectable in nasal mucosa from healthy volunteers;②TGF-β1 was the main isoform detected in nasal polyps. 　Conclusions: TGF-β, especially TGF-β1 is strongly expressed in inflammatory nasal polyps and its mucosa. TGF-β could induce modification of epithelium and connective tissue and therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.

Aim To investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on induction osteroporosis model rats andpreventive effects of Danshengubao.Methods 4-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were given RA at 70 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) and were given Danshengubao at different doses at the same time.All rats were treated by oral gavaged for 28 days.The static and dynamic parameters in cancellous bone of the fifth lumbar vertebrae (LV5) were examined and the dynamic changes of the tibial shaft (Tx) were observed with histomorphometrical analyses; the forth lumbar vertebrae (LV4) was used to perform the compression test.Results Compared with control group, biomechanical properties of LV4, the static parameters ( total tissue area, trabecular area, trabecular perimeter) and the dynamic parameters of LV5 were significantly decreased in RA group.Compared with control group, bone formation of Tx was decreased in periosteal surfaces but enhanced in endocortical surfaces in RA group.Compared with RA group, the biomechanical properties of LV4 were increased significantly in low and medium dose of Danshengubao groups.Conclusion sRA can decrease the size and the biomechanical properties of LV, but it can not change the percentage trabecular area. The mechanism may be related to the act that RA can inhibit cancellous bone formation, decrease the modeling of cortical bone in periosteal surfaces and enhance the remolding of cortical bone in endocortical surfaces. Danshengubao can improve biomechanics of LV induced by RA in rats.

Objective To evaluate the changes of endometrial microcirculation between pre-and postmenopause with magnetic resonance dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion weighted imaging (MR DCE-PWI)and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI).Methods Thirty-three patients with normal endometrium (premenopause in 21 and postmenopause in 12)confirmed by pathology underwent DCE-PWI,IVIM-DWI and conventional MRI.Quantitative parameters of DCE-PWI and IVIM-DWI in the endometrium were analyzed and compared between pre-and postmenopause groups.Results The DCE-PWI parameters were significantly higher in premenopause group than those in postmenopause one with significant differences in Ktrans (0.161±0.081)min-1 vs (0.097±0.054)min-1 , Kep (0.285±0.145)min-1 vs (0.184±0.119)min-1 and IAUC60 (20.854±10.695)mmol·kg-1 ·s vs (10.481±6.253)mmol·kg-1 ·s. No significant differences were found between the two groups in IVIM-DWI parameters including D,D* and f values.Conclusion DCE-PWI,rather than IVIM-DWI,can be used to quantitatively evaluate the changes of endometrial microcirculation between pre-and postmenopause.

Objective In response to the requirements of the new nation health care reform for the first diagnosis sinking .To in‐vestigate hospital as the center ,radiation surrounding ,we build the telemedicine system .Methods We analyzed the requirement ,de‐sign the architecture of the system through the way of TOGAF .Results The telemedicine system including telemedicine ,remote diagnosis and distance education was built .Conclusion The design ,establishment and application of the telemedicine system has an important influence and meaning .