Objective:To investigate the effect of short term and intensive insulin pump on the blood lipid and glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:76 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected and divided into two groups according to different administration.The control group (38 cases) was given routine insulin aspart treatment.The observation group (38 cases) was treated by insulin pump.The blood and lipid indexes and ADL score before treatment,at 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,the levels of FPG,HbAlc,TC,TG and LDL-C were lower than those before treatment and the level of HDL-C was increased in both groups.The levels ofFPG,HbAlc,TC,TG,LDL-C of observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the level of HDL-C of observation group was higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).At 1 week,2 weeks after treatment,the ADL scores of both groups were significantly improved,and the ADL score of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Short term intensive insulin pump could significantly improve the blood glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes,and improve the ability of daily life.

Objective To investigate the expressions of hepatorna stem cell surface marker CD133 CD90 in tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate their related clinical significances. Method The expressions of CD133 CD90 were detected by immunohistochemical method in HCC tissues of 93 patients, and normal liver tissues of 10 cases. Results Among 93 cases with HCC, the positive expression of CD133 were found in 71 cases (76.3%), and CD90 positive expression in 64 cases (68.8%), and the percentage of positive cells were (6.4±3.3)% and (4.3±3.9)% respectively. No positive expression of CD133 and CD90 was found in normal liver tissues (P<0.01). CD133, CD90 expressions in the HCC tissues of TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [(8.1±3.7)%,(5.7±4.2)%] were higher than those of TNM stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ [(4.1±2.3)%,(2.3±1.9)%] (P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the expressions of CD133 and CD90 were up-regulated as the pathohistology grades increased (P<0.05). Positive correlation was observed between CD133 and CD90 expression (r=0.402, P<0.01). Conclusions CD133, CD90 positive cells exist in HCC tissues, their expressions positively relate to the TNM stage and the pathohistology grades for HCC patients.

Objective: To establish a prediction model of herpangina epidemic trend based on Baidu index and hand, foot and mouth disease, so as to provide insights into analyses of communicable disease epidemics with limited or missing surveillance data. Methods: The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhejiang Province during the period from the first week of 2015 through the 39th week of 2021 was retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Baidu index of hand, foot and mouth disease and herpangina was collected via the Baidu search engine during the same period. The correlation between the Baidu index and time series of hand, foot and mouth disease was examined using wavelet analysis. In addition, a random forest training model was created based on the Baidu index and incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease, and the fitting effectiveness was evaluated using the mean percentage error, while the Baidu index of herpangina was included in the model to predict the epidemic trend of herpangina during the study period. Results: The Baidu index of herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease, and the Baidu index and incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease all appeared two peaks at the 26th and 52th week. The phase difference was less than 0.1 week between the Baidu index and time series of hand, foot and mouth disease, and the mean percentage error of the training model was 13.07%, with high concordance between the predicted number and actual report number of cases with hand, foot and mouth disease. The numbers of herpangina cases were predicted to be 28 822, 27 341, 28 422, 51 782, 52 457 and 5 691 from 2015 to 2020, and there were totally 48 702 herpangina cases reported until the 39th week of 2021. Like hand, foot and mouth disease, the incidence of herpangina peaked between May and July. Conclusion The random forest training model based on the Baidu index and incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease is feasible to predict the epidemic trend of herpangina.

Objective To analyze the positive report time,distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture at a hospital,so as to provide laboratory basis for prevention,contro1 ,and rational antimicrobialuse for bloodstream infection.Methods From January 2013 to January 2015,blood culture specimens of outpatients and inpatients were performed bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, antimicrobial resistance was analyzed.Results A total of 1 973 blood culture specimens were sent by clinical depart-ments,219 (11 .10%)of which were isolated pathogens.Most positive blood culture specimens were from depart-ment of paediatrics (n = 199 ).Isolation rates of gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi were 44.34% (n=98),50.23% (n=111),and 5.43% (n=12)respectively;the main pathogens was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n=53,23.98%),followed by Escherichia coli (n=39,17.65%),Staphylococcus aureus (n=23, 10.41 %),Klebsiella pneumoniae (n =15,6.79%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n =13,5.88%),the average positive blood culture report time of top five pathogens was 1 -2 days.The detection rates of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 53.85% and 53.33% respectively, susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli to carbapenems was relatively high(76.92% - 100%);methicillin-resistant isolates accounted for 39.13% among Staphylococcus aureus and 64.15% among coagulase-negative staphylococ-cus,vancomycin-resistant and teicoplanin-resistant strains were not found;resistant rate of Candida glabrata to 5-fluorocytosine was 14.29%,but was susceptible to amphotericin B.Conclusion The major pathogens isolated blood culture are gram-positive bacteria,in order to reduce the emergence of drug-resistant strains,clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents according to blood culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological features of notifiable infectious diseases in Zhejiang Province in 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating infectious disease control measures. Methods: The data pertaining to notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2021 were retrieved from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases in Zhejiang Province in 2021 were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 29 types of notifiable infectious diseases with 396 623 cases and 391 deaths were reported in Zhejiang Province in 2021, with a reported incidence of 614.28/105 and a reported mortality of 0.605 6/105, respectively. There were 93 204 cases with class B notifiable infectious diseases, with a reported incidence rate of 144.35/105 and 303 419 cases with class C notifiable infectious diseases, with a reported incidence rate of 469.92/105; while no cases with class A notifiable infectious diseases were reported. Syphilis (39.45/105), tuberculosis (37.12/105), viral hepatitis (31.90/105) and gonorrhea (26.34/105) were the four most common class B notifiable infectious diseases, and AIDS (0.477 0/105) and pulmonary tuberculosis (0.116 2/105) were the two most deadly class B notifiable infectious diseases, while hand, foot and mouth disease (192.00/105), other infectious diarrhea (184.24/105) and influenza (86.45/105) were the three most common class C notifiable infectious diseases. According to the transmission route, intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases were the two most common infectious diseases, with reported incidence rates of 384.10/105 and 133.73/105, respectively; and according to the reported region, the highest incidence of class B notifiable infectious diseases was reported in Zhoushan and Ningbo cities, and the highest incidence of class C notifiable infectious diseases was reported in Ningbo City. Totally 1 101 COVID-19 cases were reported in Zhejiang Province in 2021, including 712 confirmed cases and 389 asymptomatic cases, and no deaths occurred. Conclusions The reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases declined in Zhejiang Province in 2021 as compared to that prior to COVID-19 epidemics, with remarkable reductions in the incidence of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. The management of pulmonary tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and AIDS requires to be reinforced during the containment of COVID-19, to prevent the seasonable epidemic of influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea in Zhejiang Province.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of overseas imported cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into containment of overseas imported COVID-19. Methods: The pertaining to overseas imported COVID-19 cases in Zhejiang Province during the period between January 1, 2020 and May 31, 2022 were captured from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distributions, the duration from entry to the first time of positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test, and COVID-19 vaccination of overseas imported COVID-19 cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 1 535 overseas imported COVID-19 cases were reported in Zhejiang Province during the period between January 1, 2020 and May 31, 2022, including 596 confirmed cases and 939 asymptomatic infections, and all reported cases were imported from 102 countries and territories. Overseas imported COVID-19 cases were reported in each month during the period between March 2020 and May 2022 except May 2020, and the mean monthly number of reported overseas imported COVID-19 cases was 125 during the period between December 2021 and May 2022. Overseas imported COVID-19 cases were reported across 11 cities of Zhejiang Province, with the largest numbers reported in Hangzhou (978 cases) and Jiaxing cities (177 cases), and imported cases were reported in 76.09% of counties (districts) in Zhejiang Province. The overseas imported COVID-19 cases were predominantly identified among individuals with Chinese nationality (88.79%), at ages of 20 to 39 years (59.09%), and students (21.82%), workers (17.20%) and business servants (17.00%) were predominant occupations among the overseas imported COVID-19 cases. The median duration from entry to the first time of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test was 3.98 (7.06) d during the period between January 1, 2020 and May 31, 2022, and was 3.23 (4.97) d during the period between December 1, 2021 and May 31, 2022, which was significantly shorter than that during the period between January 1, 2020 and November 30, 2021 (P<0.001). The proportion of normal and more severe types of COVID-19 was 15.69% among cases without COVID-19 vaccination, which was significantly higher than that (7.77%) among those receiving booster vaccination (χ2=5.345, P=0.021), but was not significantly different from that (12.65%) among those receiving full-dose vaccination (χ2=0.971, P=0.324). Conclusions Students with Chinese nationality, workers and business servants were predominant among overseas imported COVID-19 cases in Zhejiang Province until May 31, 2022. The duration from entry after December 1, 2021 to identification of overseas imported COVID-19 cases shortened, and booster COVID-19 vaccination facilitated the alleviation of severity of clinical symptoms. There is a long-term risk of overseas importation of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, and the containment of imported COVID-19 requires to be sustainably implemented among entry personnel.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies and related information in schools of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the management of public health risks in schools. Methods: The public health emergencies and related information in schools of Zhejiang Province during the period from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The type, temporal distribution and regional distribution of the events and the type of schools were analyzed, and the trends in disease attack rates were evaluated. Results: A total of 1 284 public health emergencies and related information were reported in schools of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 72.34% of all public health emergencies and related information, and a total of 40 562 cases were reported, accounting for 87.72% of all cases; no death was recorded. There were 1 276 infectious disease events reported, accounting for 99.38%, and norovirus enteritis (649 cases), varicella (281 cases), influenza (181 cases), hand, foot and mouth disease (94 cases) and mumps (22 cases) were predominant infectious diseases, accounting for 95.56% of all public health emergencies and related information in schools. The number of public health emergencies and related information in schools peaked during the period between March and June (361 events, 28.12% of all events) and the period between November and December each year from 2012 to 2021 (629 events, 48.99% of all events), and the events occurred across 11 cities of Zhejiang Province, with the largest number of events reported in Hangzhou City (507 events). In addition, there were 627, 328 and 242 events reported in primary schools, kindergartens, and middle schools, accounting for 93.22%, and the events predominantly occurred in city schools. Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in the trends for attack rates of norovirus enteritis, varicella, influenza and hand, foot and mouth disease and mumps in schools of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021. Conclusions Norovirus enteritis, varicella, influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease and mumps were the predominant types of public health emergencies and related information in schools of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, and the largest number of events were reported in primary schools.

Objective: To investigate epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Zhejiang Province in 2023, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods: Data pertaining to notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2023 were retrieved from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The incidence and mortality were analyzed according to the classification of notifiable infectious diseases and transmission routes, and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results: Thirty types of notifiable infectious diseases with 2 955 699 cases and 427 deaths were reported in Zhejiang Province in 2023, with a reported incidence rate of 4 493.93/105 and a reported mortality rate of 0.649 2/105. A total of 679 notifiable infectious disease emergencies were reported, with 26 514 cases and 1 case death (rabies). The emergencies mainly occurred in schools and preschool institutions, with 621 cases accounting for 91.46%. There were 1 case of cholera reported in class A notifiable infectious diseases and no death, 22 types of class B notifiable infectious diseases, with a reported incidence rate of 552.46/105 and a reported mortality rate of 0.644 7/105, and 8 types of class C notifiable infectious diseases, with a reported incidence rate of 3 941.48/105 and a reported mortality rate of 0.004 6/105. The incidence rates of respiratory, intestinal, blood-borne and sexually transmitted, natural and insect-borne infectious diseases were 4 028.67/105, 381.59/105, 81.15/105 and 1.35/105, respectively, according to transmission routes. Influenza (3 561.78/105) and COVID-19 (423.77/105) reported the highest incidence, and AIDS (0.477 4/105) and tuberculosis (0.130 8/105) reported the highest mortality. Conclusion The incidence rates of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases were high in Zhejiang Province in 2023, and schools and preschool institutions were the main places of diseases occurred.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province in 2023, so as to provide the reference for public health risk management. Methods: Data of public health emergencies and related information in Zhejiang Province from January 1 to December 31, 2023 was collected through Emergency Public Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Attack rates, disease types, distribution of time and places, and responses were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 718 public health emergencies were reported in 2023 in Zhejiang Province, and all were infectious disease events. There were 27 128 reported cases and 3 deaths, with an attack rate of 3.22%. The top five infectious diseases with the highest number of reported events were influenza, norovirus infection, monkeypox, varicella and hand, foot and mouth disease, accounting for 95.54% of total reported events. There were 355 public health emergencies with less than 30 cases each, accounting for 49.44%. The reported emergencies peaked from February to March (186 events, 25.91%) and from November to December (327 events, 45.54%), and mainly occurred in schools and preschool institutions (651 events, 90.67%). The median responding time, reporting time and duration of emergencies were 6.50 (interquartile range, 10.84) h, 0.53 (interquartile range, 0.63) h and 7.24 (interquartile range, 11.71) d, respectively. Conclusion Public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province in 2023 were mainly caused by influenza and norovirus infection, with February, March, November and December being the peak reporting periods, and schools and preschool institutions being the main places where these events occurred.

Objective To explore the nicotine dependence levels and the influencing factors of dependence among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai so as to provide scientific rationales for an effective implementation of tobacco control.Methods Multi-stage randomized sampling was used to select a total of 5 856 rural-to-urban migrant workers from 7 districts in Shanghai.Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence ( FTND) and logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between nicotine dependence and relevant risk factors.Results The current smoking prevalence was 23.7%.The average FTND score for current smokers , high dependence and low dependence were 3.38 ±2.49, 7.00 ±1.07 and 2.23 ±1.71 respectively.The high and low dependence rates were 21.7% and 78.3%.The results of logistic regression showed that education , duration of smoking and length of migration were associated with nicotine dependence.Lower level of education was more prone to high nicotine dependence.Those with a lower education had a higher risk of nicotine dependence ( junior high school: OR=1.742, primary school or lower: OR =1.994 vs.senior high school or higher ).High nicotine dependence increased with the duration of smoking (smoking 6-10 years:OR=3.007, 11-15 years:OR=4.076, 16-20 years:OR=5.451, 20 years or more:OR=5.726 vs.5 years or less).Length of migration over 3 years was less likely to have a high nicotine dependence (3-5 years: OR=0.602, more than 5 years: OR=0.407 vs.<1 year) .Conclusion The rate of high nicotine dependence is high among rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai.Level of education , duration of smoking and length of migration are significant influencing factors of nicotine dependence.