Objective To analyze the positive report time,distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture at a hospital,so as to provide laboratory basis for prevention,contro1 ,and rational antimicrobialuse for bloodstream infection.Methods From January 2013 to January 2015,blood culture specimens of outpatients and inpatients were performed bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, antimicrobial resistance was analyzed.Results A total of 1 973 blood culture specimens were sent by clinical depart-ments,219 (11 .10%)of which were isolated pathogens.Most positive blood culture specimens were from depart-ment of paediatrics (n = 199 ).Isolation rates of gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,and fungi were 44.34% (n=98),50.23% (n=111),and 5.43% (n=12)respectively;the main pathogens was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n=53,23.98%),followed by Escherichia coli (n=39,17.65%),Staphylococcus aureus (n=23, 10.41 %),Klebsiella pneumoniae (n =15,6.79%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n =13,5.88%),the average positive blood culture report time of top five pathogens was 1 -2 days.The detection rates of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 53.85% and 53.33% respectively, susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli to carbapenems was relatively high(76.92% - 100%);methicillin-resistant isolates accounted for 39.13% among Staphylococcus aureus and 64.15% among coagulase-negative staphylococ-cus,vancomycin-resistant and teicoplanin-resistant strains were not found;resistant rate of Candida glabrata to 5-fluorocytosine was 14.29%,but was susceptible to amphotericin B.Conclusion The major pathogens isolated blood culture are gram-positive bacteria,in order to reduce the emergence of drug-resistant strains,clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents according to blood culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Electrochemotherapy was instituted for sarcoma, and the tumor inhibitory ratio, curing ratio, vascular endothelial growth factor, microvessel density and mechanism were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that the curing ratio of electrochemotherapy for sarcoma is 84.6%. The present research provides experimental evidence for the security, mechanism and feasibility of electrochemotherapy in clinical practice.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Bleomycin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Electrochemotherapy ; methods ; Electroporation ; methods ; Mice ; Sarcoma 180 ; therapy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

Background and purpose:Preoperative risk categorization of thymoma is useful for treatment decisions but remains challenging.This study focused on training radiomics models using contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)images for thymoma risk categorization and validating the model's performance,reliability and generalizability in a relatively large cohort.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical data of thymoma patients(Masaoka Koga Ⅰ-Ⅲ)who underwent thymectomy surgery at the Affiliated Chest Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2008 to December 2017.The cohort was divided into a training group(80%)and a test group(20%)using stratified random selection.The gold standard for histologic types was based on surgically resected specimens.Low-risk histologic types included A,AB and B1.High-risk histologic types included B2 and B3.Radiomics features were extracted from manually segmented regions of interest on preoperative CECT images.Interobserver correlation and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression were used for feature selection.Model performance metrics included area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,sensitivity and specificity.Clinical characteristics were added to the combined model.Results:A total of 478 patients(mean age 51.3±12.3 years,48.1%was male)were included.The AUC of the clinical model,the CECT-based model,and the model using both clinical and CECT features on the test set were 0.666,0.831 and 0.850,respectively.The best performing model had a sensitivity of 0.829 and a specificity of 0.764.Conclusion:CECT-based radiomics models showed good performance in risk categorization of thymomas.

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The epidemic of HFMD has been a public health problem in Asia-Pacific region for decades, and no vaccine and effective antiviral medicine are available. Curcumin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries to treat a diversity of disorders including viral infections. In this study, we demonstrated that curcumin showed potent antiviral effect again EV71. In Vero cells infected with EV71, the addition of curcumin significantly suppressed the synthesis of viral RNA, the expression of viral protein, and the overall production of viral progeny. Similar with the previous reports, curcumin reduced the production of ROS induced by viral infection. However, the antioxidant property of curcumin did not contribute to its antiviral activity, since N-acetyl-l-cysteine, the potent antioxidant failed to suppress viral replication. This study also showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was activated by either viral infection or curcumin treatment, but the activated ERK did not interfere with the antiviral effect of curcumin, indicating ERK is not involved in the antiviral mechanism of curcumin. Unlike the previous reports that curcumin inhibited protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), we found that curcumin had no impact on UPS in control cells. However, curcumin did reduce the activity of proteasomes which was increased by viral infection. In addition, the accumulation of the short-lived proteins, p53 and p21, was increased by the treatment of curcumin in EV71-infected cells. We further probed the antiviral mechanism of curcumin by examining the expression of GBF1 and PI4KB, both of which are required for the formation of viral replication complex. We found that curcumin significantly reduced the level of both proteins. Moreover, the decreased expression of either GBF1 or PI4KB by the application of siRNAs was sufficient to suppress viral replication. We also demonstrated that curcumin showed anti-apoptotic activity at the early stage of viral infection. The results of this study provide solid evidence that curcumin has potent anti-EV71 activity. Whether or not the down-regulated GBF1 and PI4KB by curcumin contribute to its antiviral effect needs further studies.